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  • 1980-1984  (4)
  • 1900-1904
  • Glucose  (2)
  • Laser in neurosurgery  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 7 (1984), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Laser in neurosurgery ; Nd-YAG laser
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After many years of experience, in general we prefere the Nd-YAG laser, although the CO2 laser is an advantage in a few specific cases (lipomas, cranial synostosis). While the focused CO2 laser may be used as a cutting instrument in less vascular tissue with little trauma to the surroundings, the Nd-YAG laser produces a homogeneous coagulation with an energy dependent depth effect. Thus, with the Nd-YAG laser residual tumour tissue can be selectively and with a predictable depth effect thermally destroyed. Because of its excellent coagulation property, the use of the Nd-YAG laser is particularly indicated in highly vascular meningeal tumours. The shrinkage of a tumour and its demarcation which is due to the varying absorption properties facilitates the dissection and allows in addition the preservation of normal tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 3 (1980), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Nd-YAG laser ; CO2 laser ; Laser in neurosurgery ; Nd-YAG-Laser ; CO2-Laser ; Laser in der Neurochirurgie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In den letzten drei Jahren wurden 120 Patienten für einen operativen Eingriff mit dem Laserstrahl ausgesucht, bei denen die Operation aufgrund von Größe, Vaskularisierung oder Lokalisation der Geschwulst technische Schwierigkeiten erwarten ließ. Gegenüber der bipolaren Koagulation glauben wir eine Reihe von Vorteilen gesehen zu haben, das Arbeiten mit dem Laserstrahl erfordert jedoch experimentelle Übung und Erfahrung. Der Schrumpfeffekt der Geschwulst erlaubt von einer kleinen Freilegung aus anatomiegerechtes schonendes Vorgehen ohne wesentlichen Einsatz von Hilfsinstrumenten. Bei starker Vaskularisation bevorzugten wir stets den Neodym-Yag-Laser. Alle Operationen verliefen blutsparend. Mit herkömmlichen Mitteln nicht erreichbare Geschwulstanteile (z. B. Sinuswand, Schädelbasis) können mit dem Laserstrahl zusätzlich ausgeschaltet werden. Der variable Abstand des Laserhandstückes von seinem Zielorgan ermöglicht eine exakte punktförmige sowie eine diffus breitflächige Bestrahlung. Das berührungslose Arbeiten mit dem Laserstrahl bewährt sich besonders am Hirnstamm und Rückenmark, für die mitunter haftenbleibende Pinzettenbranchen zusätzliche Traumatisation bedeuten. Ob der Bestrahlungseffekt bei unseren Fällen zu einer Reduzierung der Rezidivhäufigkeit führt, muß vorerst dahingestellt bleiben, da die Beobachtungszeit noch zu kurz ist. In einer Verkleinerung des Laserhandstückes, d. h. in seiner Umwandlung zu einem vollwertigen Mikroinstrument, sowie in der Kombination Neodym-Yag-Laser (bessere Koagulationsfähigkeit) und CO2-Laser (besserer Schneideeffekt) sehen wir einen weiteren Fortschritt.
    Notizen: Summary Over the last 3 years 120 patients have been operated on using laser techniques. This technique was chosen where technical difficulties were anticipated due to the size, the vascular supply or the localization of the process. Although the use of laser technique requires experimental work, before it can be applied clinically some distinct advantages could be demonstrated when compared with the use of the bipolar cautery. Due to its shrinking effect the laser beam is target oriented and makes the surgical procedure safe without the use of additional instruments. The Nd-YAG laser was preferred in tumors with a rich vascular supply. Thus there was a definitely decreased need for blood transfusions in patients operated on with the laser. Even those parts of the tumors that can not easily be reached, using conventional techniques can now be eliminated by laser irradiation. The variable distance between the handpiece of the laser instrument and the target organ allows a pin point as well as a more diffuse irradiation. Since it is not necessary to touch the tissue, laser techniques are particularly useful in critical areas, e. g. close to the brainstem or the spinal cord, because they make it unnecessary to touch the tissue. The question as to whether the use of laser technique will reduce the rate of recurrent tumor growth needs further studies based on longer follow-up periods. Further technical improvements are needed to make the laser device a true microinstrument. Finally a combination of both laser types — that is the Nd-YAG laser for coagulation and the CO2 laser for cutting -might be a definite advantage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 320 (1982), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): β-Adrenoceptor antagonists ; Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ; Glucose tolerance test ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of β-adrenoceptor antagonists on the intravenous glucose tolerance test was investigated in conscious dogs. dl-Celiprolol (cardioselective with ISA=intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) 200 and 1000 μg/kg i.v., dl-metoprolol (cardio-selective without ISA) 200 and 1000 μg/kg i.v., dl-pindolol (non-selective with ISA) 5 and 25 μg i.v. and l-bupranolol (non-selective without ISA) 10 and 50 μg/kg i.v. were used in the study. The influence of β-adrenoceptor antagonists on the plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin following the intravenous glucose tolerance test were evaluated by calculating the respective areas under the plasma curve. The present investigtion clearly demonstrates the marked difference between the various β-adrenoceptor antagonists on heart rate and, especially on metabolic parameters. dl-Metoprolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist with cardioselectivity and without ISA can be assumed not to alter plasma insulin level and glucose assimilation. l-Bupranolol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist without ISA reduces plasma insulin level and probably enhances peripheral glucose uptake, resulting in an “unchanged” glucose tolerance. dl-Celiprolol or dl-pindolol, β-adrenoceptor antagonists with ISA, but cardioselective or non-selective enhance both, basal insulin level and insulin level after glucose stimulation but must be assumed to decrease peripheral glucose uptake since here too glucose tolerance was unchanged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): β-Adrenoceptor antagonists ; (+)- and (−)-Configuration ; Membrane stabilizing activity ; Glucose tolerance test ; Insulin ; Glucose ; Insulin-glucagon ration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The relevance of the steric configuration to the effects of two non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonists without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (+)- and (−)-bupranolol (10 and 50 μg/kg i.v.) and (+)- and (−)-propranolol (100 and 500 μg/kg i.v.) on the i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were investigated in conscious, normoglycemic dogs. The effects of the β-adrenoceptor antagonists on plasma glucose, and insulin levels and insulin-glucagon ratio following IVGTT were evaluated by calculating the respective areas under the curve (AUC). The AUC values for plasma glucose were significantly increased by the (−)-configuration of both β-adrenoceptor antagonists. In the (+)-configuration only propranolol (500 μg/kg i.v.) increased the AUC value for plasma glucose significantly. The AUC values for plasma insulin and also for the plasma insulinglucagon ratio were significantly decreased by (−)-propranolol (500 μg/kg i.v.) and by (−)-bupranolol (10 and 50 μg/kg i.v.). Thus the impairment of glucose tolerance, due to suppression of the plasma insulin level, depends mainly on the β-adrenoceptor antagonistic activity of the (−)-configuration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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