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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a proton driven, exploding pusher target on PBFA II (abstract) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4778-4778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: During the past year we have conducted a series of PBFA II target experiments. The design of the experiments was threefold: to characterize the response of targets to ion beams, develop our experimental diagnostic capability, and benchmark our theoretical ability to design and predict the response of the experimental diagnostics to ion-beam-heated, ICF targets. We present here an analysis of spherical exploding pusher experiments. The targets were 6-mm-diam, 100-μm-thick, Cl-doped CH spheres, filled with 1.2 atm of deuterium doped with 7 Torr of H2S. The diagnostics included XRDs, x-ray pinhole, framing, and streak cameras, and a spatially resolved, x-ray crystal spectrometer. Our analysis includes comparisons between experimental results and theoretical predictions of diagnostics responses and sulfur line emission from the compressed target using one- and two-dimensional radiation/hydrodynamic code runs. This work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-76-DP00789.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion impact ionization effects in a 1-D radiation/hydrodynamics code (abstract) : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3148-3148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Targets irradiated by ion beams on PBFA II emit characteristic inner shell and thermal line radiation. The inner shell Kα spectra show clearly resolved satellite features which are consistent with thermal ionization of the outer shell electrons (J. E. Bailey et al., submitted to Laser and Particle Beams). This satellite spectra can be used as a diagnostic for particle beam-target interactions, and as a temperature diagnostic [E. Nardi and Z. Zinamon, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 7075 (1981)]. Interpretation of such spectra requires a complete hydrodynamic calculation. Thermal K-shell radiation can also be used as a temperature and density diagnostic if ion impact ionization and excitation are properly accounted for. To accomplish this simulation we have developed a collisional-radiative-equilibrium (CRE) model which includes the effects of ion impact ionization and are modifying a 1-D radiation/hydrodynamics code to include the CRE ionization balance model. Details of the models, the significance of non-LTE effects and ion impact ionization, and simulations of the experiments will be presented. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-76DP00789.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141665
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum K-shell line emission as a diagnostic in light ion beam fusion experiments : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5062-5064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Kα satellite line emission from targets irradiated by intense light ion beams can be used to diagnose plasma temperatures and densities. The fluorescence lines are created as 2p electrons drop down to fill 1s vacancies that result from ion beam-induced ionizations. We present results from collisional-radiative equilibrium calculations for thin Al diagnostic layers to illustrate the dependence of the Kα emission spectrum on temperature, density, and layer thickness. We also discuss the effects of opacity on the spectrum and the contribution from Kα transitions involving excited states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143492
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICF target diagnostics on PBFA II (invited) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4828-4833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II is a light-ion fusion accelerator that is presently capable of irradiating a 6-mm-diam sphere with ∼50 kJ of 5.5-MeV protons in ∼15 ns. An array of particle and x-ray diagnostics fielded on proton Inertial Confinement Fusion target experiments quantifies the incident particle beam and the subsequent target response. An overview of the ion and target diagnostic setup and capabilities will be given in the context of recent proton beam experiments aimed at studying soft x-ray emission from foam-filled targets and the hydrodynamic response of exploding-pusher targets. Ion beam diagnostics indicate ∼100 kJ of proton beam energy incident within a 1.2-cm radius of the center of the diode with an azimuthal uniformity which varied between 6% and 29%. Foam-filled target temperatures of 35 eV and closure velocities of 4 cm/μs were measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent, x-ray spectral unfolds and brightness temperatures for intense Li+ ion beam-driven hohlraums : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 843-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray-producing hohlraums are being studied as indirect drives for inertial confinement fusion targets. In a 1994 target series on the PBFAII accelerator, cylindrical hohlraum targets were heated by an intense Li+ ion beam and viewed by an array of 13 time-resolved, filtered x-ray detectors (XRDs). The unfold operator (UFO) code and its suite of auxiliary functions were used extensively in obtaining time-resolved x-ray spectra and radiation temperatures from this diagnostic. The UFO was also used to obtain fitted response functions from calibration data, to simulate data from blackbody x-ray spectra of interest, to determine the suitability of various unfolding parameters (e.g., energy domain, energy partition, smoothing conditions, and basis functions), to interpolate the XRD signal traces, and to unfold experimental data. The simulation capabilities of the code were useful in understanding an anomalous feature in the unfolded spectra at low photon energies (≤100 eV). Uncertainties in the differential and energy-integrated unfolded spectra were estimated from uncertainties in the data. The time–history of the radiation temperature agreed well with independent calculations of the wall temperature in the hohlraum. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147751
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosing plasma conditions in light ion beam fusion experiments using inner-shell x-ray line emission (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 564-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Kα emission spectroscopy is an important diagnostic technique used for plasmas created in intense light ion beam experiments.b),c) Emission lines can be produced as 2p electrons drop down to fill 1s vacancies created by the ion beam. Bailey et al.b) reported the first spectroscopic measurements of Kα x-ray satellites in intense proton beam experiments on PBFA-II at Sandia. Kα emission spectra have also recently been observed in intense Li-beam experiments on PBFA-II.d) Two approaches are used to analyze time-integrated x-ray spectra. In the first, CRE calculations are performed to compute synthetic time-integrated spectra using plasma conditions predicted from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. In the second approach, plasma conditions are deduced from Kα satellite line intensity ratios measured from the highest ionization stages observed in the experiments. Results will be presented from our analysis of recent PBFA-II x-ray spectra. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146353
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target diagnostics for intense lithium ion hohlraum experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A review of the diagnostics used at Sandia National Laboratories to measure the parameters of intense lithium ion-beam hohlraum target experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of x-ray spectral and imaging diagnostics that enable measurements of target temperature and x-ray output. The x-ray diagnostics include time-integrated and time-resolved pinhole cameras, energy-resolved one-dimensional streaked imaging diagnostics, time-integrated and time-resolved grazing incidence spectrographs, a transmission grating spectrograph, an elliptical crystal spectrograph, a bolometer array, an 11- element x-ray diode array, and an 11-element PIN diode detector array. The incident Li beam symmetry and an estimate of incident Li beam power density can be measured from ion beam-induced characteristic x-ray line emission and neutron emission. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146334
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of an argon plasma produced in a relativistic electron beam gas puff Z pinch (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 126-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spectra of argon ions emitted from a plasma created by discharging a 3-TW relativistic electron beam generator through an argon gas column are reported. New lines have been classified for 2s 2pn–2pn+1 transition arrays in Ar XI–XV and energy levels have been derived for lithiumlike argon XVI. The effects of mass motion Doppler shifts on the spectra have been measured and systematic shifts of transition energies with charge state are observed in the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338870
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PBFA II lithium beam characterization from inner-shell x-ray images : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 743-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II) is now driving targets with ICF-relevant lithium ion beams. During the most recent lithium beam target series, time-integrated x-ray pinhole cameras viewed the ion-induced inner-shell x-ray fluorescence from the central gold cone target and a titanium-coated strip. Ion-beam profiles at a nominal 10-mm radius and fixed azimuthal direction were obtained from images of the Ti Kα fluorescence of a Ti-coated Al diagnostic wire. The gold cone gave us beam profiles at a nominal 3-mm radius and at all azimuthal angles from the Au Lα fluorescence. From these profiles, we obtained the ion-beam vertical focus position, the full width at half maximum, and the degree of azimuthal uniformity for the lithium target shots. For these initial results, beam steering problems were evident. Azimuthal uniformity was measured from the ion-beam footprint on the outer Au case (predominantly Au Lα) of the hohlraum target and was found to be in the same range (up to 30%) as for previous proton beam target series. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146276
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation diagnostics for x-ray laser experiments on Proto-II (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2195-2195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray laser experiments on the Sandia Proto-II accelerator (10 TW, 40-ns FWHM, 0.125 Ω) use a wide array of radiation diagnostics. Precise x-ray measurements are difficult in the environment of a large pulsed power accelerator. Machine shock, EMP, and large x-ray fluences are significant problems. X-ray diodes and resistive bolometers provide excellent time-resolved information. Crystal and grazing-incidence grating spectrographs and x-ray pinhole cameras give time-integrated data. A recent major effort at Sandia has been the development of time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras, crystal spectrographs, and grazing-incidence spectrographs. These diagnostics use microchannel plates or a scintillator and streak camera system to obtain time resolution. Precise alignment, nanosecond time resolution, and high spectral precision are all needed for successful x-ray laser experiments. We will present descriptions of the diagnostics and data taken on recent x-ray laser experiments. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138730
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