Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 16-22 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a device to control the rapidly decreasing impedance that has been observed with Applied-B ion diodes. This device, which we call an impedance limiter, is a protrusion at the midplane of the anode. Its purpose is to reduce the electron space charge near the anode emission surface. Electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations show that the impedance characteristics of an Applied-B diode can be favorably modified by using this device. Preliminary experimental results on the particle beam fusion accelerator I for an Applied-B ion diode using an impedance limiter show promise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 12-27 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An improved understanding of the factors that control the axial focus of applied-B ion diodes was obtained from time-resolved diagnostics of ion-beam trajectories. This resulted in a new selection of anode shape that produced a proton focus of 1.3-mm diameter from a 4.5-cm-radius diode, which is a factor of 2 improvement over previous results. We have achieved a peak proton power density of 1.5±0.2 TW/cm2 on the 1-TW Proto I accelerator. The radial convergence of this proton beam, defined as the ratio of the anode diameter to focused beam FWHM, is 70. Time-resolved information about virtual cathode evolution, the self- and applied-magnetic-field bending, and the horizontal focus of the beam was also obtained. In addition, the diffusion of the magnetic field into the anode plasma is estimated by measuring the horizontal focal position as a function of time. Finally, we discuss the effects of gas cell scattering on the beam focus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Kα emission spectroscopy is an important diagnostic technique used for plasmas created in intense light ion beam experiments.b),c) Emission lines can be produced as 2p electrons drop down to fill 1s vacancies created by the ion beam. Bailey et al.b) reported the first spectroscopic measurements of Kα x-ray satellites in intense proton beam experiments on PBFA-II at Sandia. Kα emission spectra have also recently been observed in intense Li-beam experiments on PBFA-II.d) Two approaches are used to analyze time-integrated x-ray spectra. In the first, CRE calculations are performed to compute synthetic time-integrated spectra using plasma conditions predicted from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. In the second approach, plasma conditions are deduced from Kα satellite line intensity ratios measured from the highest ionization stages observed in the experiments. Results will be presented from our analysis of recent PBFA-II x-ray spectra. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have examined the effect of illuminating the anode in the Applied-B ion diode in Sandia's PBFA-I accelerator with 60–100 kW/cm2 of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photons a few hundred nanoseconds prior to the accelerator shot. We find that XUV illumination significantly shortens the turn-on time of the ion beam, especially under conditions in which the normal "flashover'' ion-source mechanisms are suppressed. In addition to the anticipated XUV photodesorption and photoionization of the anode material, some of the improvement seen with XUV illumination may be due to photoejection of electrons from the power feeds and their subsequent interaction with the anode source. Also, XUV illumination of a fine polypropylene weave located at the virtual cathode radius can preform the virtual cathode, dramatically reducing the turn-on time of the ion beam in the diode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 2958-2967 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Light ions deposit their energy in target materials by interaction with bound and free electrons. As the target heats toward inertial confinement fusion temperatures a progression of ionization states will be encountered. The stopping power of each ion created in this process will depend upon details of the respective bound electron states. In general, the net ion stopping power will increase compared to cold matter due to the free electron contribution. We report an experimental and theoretical study of enhanced ion stopping powers in targets heated by 0.5–1.4 TW/cm2 proton beams. The experiments were performed on the Proto-I accelerator with aluminum and nickel foil targets. The theoretical effort incorporated free and bound electron stopping terms in hydrocode simulations of the target response. At these intensities we observe and calculate stopping power enhancements of 100% for aluminum and 50% for nickel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied methods of varying the ion species generated by a lithium-fluoride overcoated anode in a 0.5-MV magnetically insulated ion diode. We found that cleaning the anode surface with a 13.6-MHz rf glow discharge or illuminating the anode with a pulsed soft x-ray, vacuum-ultraviolet (XUV) radiation source just before the accelerator pulse significantly altered the ion species of the ion beam produced by the diode. The glow-discharge plasma removed adsorbates (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) from the surface of the LiF flashover source. The ions seen were lithium and hydrogen. Unfortunately, the diode impedance with a lithium-fluoride anode was high and the ion efficiency was low; however, XUV irradiation of the surface dramatically lowered the impedance by desorbing neutrals from the ion source via photon-stimulated desorption. Current densities of ten times the Child–Langmuir space-charge limit were achieved under XUV irradiation. In particular, ion currents increased by over a factor of 3 when 12 mJ/cm2 of XUV radiation was used. However, with XUV irradiation the largest fraction of ions were fluorine, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, not lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3369-3387 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes using the QUICKSILVER code [D. B. Seidel et al., in Proceedings of the Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics, Amsterdam, 1990, edited by A. Tenner (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), p. 475] have been augmented with Monte Carlo calculations of electron–anode interactions (reflection and energy deposition). Extraction diode simulations demonstrate a link between the instability evolution and increased electron loss and anode heating. Simulations of radial and extraction ion diodes show spatial nonuniformity in the predicted electron loss profile leading to hot spots on the anode that rapidly exceed the 350 °C–450 °C range, known to be sufficient for plasma formation on electron-bombarded surfaces. Thermal desorption calculations indicate complete desorption of contaminants with 15–20 kcal/mole binding energies in high-dose regions of the anode during the power pulse. Comparisons of parasitic ion emission simulations and experiment show agreement in some aspects, but also highlight the need for better ion source, plasma, and neutral gas models. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2113-2121 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The efficiency of delivering an ion beam to an inertial confinement fusion target depends on the ability to control the breakdown of both unintended (in the "vacuum'' diode region) and intended (in the transport region) gas. The desorption and breakdown of anode-surface contaminants in an ion diode complicates the generation of a pure, high-brightness ion beam. Beyond the accelerator, the gas in the reactor vessel must provide excellent charge neutralization and specified current neutralization to permit the beam transport and focusing to a 〈1 cm radius, spherical target. Two schemes, in which controlling gas breakdown is essential, are "ballistic'' and "self-pinched'' ion transport. Results are discussed from hybrid particle-fluid simulations of anode contaminant desorption and ion beam transport. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2175-2182 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetically insulated ion diodes are being developed to drive inertial confinement fusion. Ion beam microdivergence must be reduced to achieve the very high beam intensities required to achieve this goal. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3094 (1991)] indicate that instability-induced fluctuations can produce significant ion divergence during acceleration. These simulations exhibit a fast growing mode early in time, which has been identified as the diocotron instability. The divergence generated by this mode is modest, due to the relatively high-frequency ((approximately-greater-than)1 GHz). Later, a low-frequency low-phase-velocity instability develops with a frequency that is approximately the reciprocal of the ion transit time. This instability couples effectively to the ions, and can generate unacceptably large ion divergences ((approximately-greater-than)30 mrad). Linear stability theory reveals that this mode has structure parallel to the applied magnetic field and is related to the modified two-stream instability. Measurements of ion density fluctuations and energy-momentum correlations have confirmed that instabilities develop in ion diodes and contribute to the ion divergence. In addition, spectroscopic measurements indicate that lithium ions have a significant transverse temperature very close to the emission surface. Passive thin-film lithium fluoride (LiF) anodes have larger transverse beam temperatures than laser-irradiated active sources. Calculations of the ion beam source divergence for the LiF film due to surface roughness and the possible loss of adhesion and fragmentation of this film are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2792-2794 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Inner-shell x-ray pinhole cameras are an important diagnostic for time-averaged beam profile measurements on PBFA-II experiments which requires no shielding from the diode magnetic field. However, the same ions that create the inner-shell x rays can also Rutherford scatter and directly expose the x-ray film. A double image, due to this effect, has been observed in PBFA-II data. In this paper, we derive the expected film density due to these scattered ions relative to the film density from the ion-induced x-ray line radiation from titanium, aluminum, and gold targets. We then show that our calculated degree of ion contamination for a gold target Mα camera recently fielded on PBFA-II is consistent with the actual images observed−a phantom image tentatively identified as proton contamination with a film density of the same order of magnitude as the x-ray image. The amount of ion contamination is strongly dependent on the optical filtering used. For less heavily filtered cameras, we will show that this contamination will be less of a concern. We propose a different camera geometry for which this ion contamination will be a 5% effect in the titanium and aluminum Kα cameras, but may be a 16% effect in the gold Mα cameras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...