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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    o-Aminoacetophenone: Identification in a primitive fungus-growing ant (Mycocepurus goeldii) (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 816-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary o-Aminoacetophenone is the major volatile product present in the mandibular gland secretion of the primitive fungus-growing antMycocepurus goeldii. This novel arthropod natural product is biosynthetically far removed from the aliphatic ketones and alcohols found in those genera of the tribe Attini that represent the main line of evolution. The divergent phylogenetic position ofMycocepurus, and possibly of other closely related genera, is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01985656
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses to an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular gland of the antWasmannia auropunctata (1982)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mandibularen Drüsen der AmeiseWasmannia auropunctata enthalten 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazin, eine Verbindung mit der andere gleich-artige Nestbewohner von gestorten Arbeitern herbeigelockt werden. Während einer aggressiven interspezifischen Begegnung kann die kleine Ameise das Alkylpyrazin als ein Abstossungsmittel benutzen und ihren Opponenten noch dazu mit ihrem wirkungsvollen giftigen Stich untauglich machen. Alkylpyrazine sind schon früher in Vertreten der Unterfamilien Ponerinæ, Formicinæ und Dolichoderinæ gefunden worden, jedoch ist dies der erste Bericht über Alkylpyrazine in den mandibularen Drüsen einer Art der Myrmicinæ.
    Notes: Summary Mandibular glands of the ant,Wasmannia auropunctata, contain 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine, a compound which attracts nestmates to disturbed workers. During interspecific aggressive encounters, this small ant may utilize the alkylpyrazine as a repellent as well as disabling opponents with its potent sting venom. Alkylpyrazines have been previously identified as cephalic products from ants of the subfamilies Ponerinæ, Formicinæ, and Dolichoderinæ but this is the first report of an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular glands of a member of the Myrmicinæ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228764
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some factors influencing dealation by virgin queen fire ants (1983)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 443-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Lorsque des reines vierges de la fourmi de feu sont soustraites à l'influence de la phéromone inhibitrice produite par la reine, elles perdent leurs ailes plus facilement en présence d'ouvrières qu'en leur absence. Lorsqu'elles sont isolées pendant 72 heures après la levée de l'inhibition, un nombre significativement plus grand de reines vierges ayant hiverné perdent leurs ailes, par rapport aux reines vierges élevées au printemps. Toutefois, les nombres d'individus perdant leurs ailes en présence d'ouvrières sont similaires. Après désinhibition, quelques reines vierges immatures perdent leurs ailes. Les sexués vierges désailés sont capables de prévenir la perte des ailes chez d'autres sexués vierges. Les divers facteurs influençant la déalation chez les reines vierges ont été utilisés afin de développer un essai biologique pour la phéromone inhibitrice produite par la reine deS. invicta.
    Notes: Summary Virgin queens of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren, that were removed from the influence of the inhibitory queen pheromone, dealated more readily in the presence of workers than in their absence. During 72 hours after disinhibition, a significantly greater number of overwintered virgin queens than spring-reared virgin queens dealated when they were isolated, but the numbers that dealated in the presence of workers were very similar. Some sexually immature virgin queens dealated after disinhibition. Virgin dealates were found to be capable of preventing other virgin queens from dealating. The various factors that influence dealation by virgin queens were used to develop a bioassay for the inhibitory queen pheromone ofS. invicta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223975
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaloidal venom mace: Offensive use by a thief ant (1980)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 144-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073620
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthraquinones and anthrones: Occurrence and defensive function in a Chrysomelid Beetle (1982)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 69 (1982), S. 91-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441232
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of cephalic secretion of fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxytrigona) tataira ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; enediones ; monoketones ; carboxylic esters ; hydrocarbons ; E-3-hepten-2,5-dione ; E-3-nonen-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the volatile compounds derived from cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira by GC-MS was undertaken. The following compounds were readily identified: hydrocarbons:n-C11H24,n-C13H28,n-C14H30,n-C15H32,n-C17H36,n-C23H48,n-C15H30,n-C17H34,n-C21 H42, andn-C23H46; carboxylic acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; carboxylic esters: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, and dodecyl decanoate; monoketones: 5-hepten-2-one, 3-hepten-2-one, 2-heptanone, and 5-nonen-2-one. Two major components of the mixture were identified asE-hepten-2,5-dione andE-3-nonen-2,5-dione. Structures of these novel compounds were suggested by their GC-MS behavior and the GC-MS behavior of their dimethoximes and proved by comparison with authentic synthetic samples. Trace amounts of the corresponding Z isomers and the saturated analogs, heptan-2,5-dione and nonan-2,5-dione, were also found. The possible functions of these glandular constituents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988091
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular gland allomones ofDasymutilla occidentalis and other mutillid wasps (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 895-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dasymutilla occidentalis ; Dasymutilla ; Timulla ; Pseudomethoca ; Smicromyrme ; Traumatomutilla ; Pappognatha ; Hymenoptera ; Mutillidae ; 4-methyl-3-heptanone ; 4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; 4,6-dimethyl-3-octanone ; allomones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mandibular gland secretion of the mutillid wasp,Dasymutilla occidentalis, possesses three short-chained ketones-4-methyl-3-heptanone (4MH), 4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone (4,6DMN), 4,6-dimethyl-3-octanone (4,6DMO)—and several unidentified compounds. This is the first report of 4,6DMN as a natural product and its synthesis is described. These ketones, which are either known to be ant alarm pheromones or are structurally very similar to ant alarm pheromones, appear to function as allomones against ants, major potential predators of mutillid wasps. The major secretory component, 4-methyl-3-heptanone, which was identified in females and/ or males of the species analyzed within the generaDasymutilla, Timulla, Traumatomutilla, andPappognatha, appears to constitute a chemical character of the defensive secretions of these genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990473
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venom chemistry of ants in the genusMonomorium (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 285-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monomorium spp. ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines ; ant venom alkaloids ; methoxymercuration-demercuration ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative analysis of the venomous alkaloids produced by ant species in the subgenusMonomorium of the genusMonomorium has been undertaken. All species produce mixtures of unsymmetricaltrans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines, but the proportions of the constituents may vary considerably between species. All alkaloids contain both C6 and C9 side chains which are present as C9-saturated. C6-monounsaturated, and both C6-and C9-monounsaturated dialkylpyrrolidines. The structure of 2-(1-hex-5-enyl)-5-(1-non-8-enyl)pyrrolidine, a previously undescribed alkaloid, was proved by unambiguous synthesis after the location of the double bonds was established by the methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry. The possible chemotaxonomic significance of the mixtures of venomous alkaloids produced by these species ofMonomorium is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984024
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive adaptations of eggs and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; oleic acid ; hydrocarbons ; terpenoids ; eggs ; deterrents ; ants ; predation ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; Gastrophysa cyanea ; reflex bleeding ; elytral glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Egg clusters and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea are conspicuous and, like their larvae, are chemically protected. The eggs owe their bright yellow color primarily to β-carotene and, in addition, contain substantial quantities of oleic acid. At natural concentrations oleic acid effectively deters many species of ants from feeding. The use of fatty acids as deterrents against ants is discussed as a possible widespread phenomenon among insects. During defensive confrontations, adults ofG. cyanea exhibit avoidance behavior and may also feign death. In addition, the adults may autohemmorhage or secrete a fluid from elytral or pronotal pores in response to traumatic stimuli. The secretions are effective against ants and contain a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as terpenoid components. The pattern of ontogenetic modification in the defensive chemical repertoire ofG. cyanea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern pine beetle: Olfactory receptor and behavior discrimination of enantiomers of the attractant pheromone frontalin (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 873-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enantiomers ; bark beetle ; pheromone ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; southern pine beetle ; electrophysiology ; olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory and field bioassays, the response ofDendroctonus frontalis was significantly greater to the mixture of (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin andalpha-pinene than to (1R,5S)-(+)-frontalin andalpfa-pinene. Electro-physiological studies revealed that antennal olfactory receptor cells were significantly more responsive to (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin than to (1R, 5S)-(+)-frontalin. Both enantiomers stimulated the same olfactory cells which suggests that each cell possesses at least two types of enantiomer-specific acceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994788
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