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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 19 (1980), S. 315-316 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Cholescintigraphy ; Acute cholecystitis ; Technetium-99m IDA ; Biliary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Technetium-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has provided a new, noninvasive means of visualizing biliary tract function. It has become the procedure of choice in patients with suspected acute cholecystitis because of its ability to most accurately detect functional obstruction or patency of the cystic duct as opposed to ultrasound's ability to detect only anatomic changes such as the presence of calculi or a thickened gallbladder wall. These latter findings are more important in establishing the diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis where ultrasound shares a position of prime importance with the oral cholecystogram. Tc-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has also been particularly useful in evaluating bile leaks, biliary-enteric anastomosis patency and the post-cholecystectomy patient with recurrent pain. In the patient with cholestasis, ultrasound is usually the procedure of choice since it establishes whether or not ductal dilatation is present and frequently can determine the cause of obstruction. Cholescintigraphy has played an ancillary role in many cases by demonstrating the level of partial obstruction, but it does not have the anatomic resolution to visualize the cause of obstruction. Occasionally, in the evaluation of cholestasis, cholescintigraphy has proven to be the only modality which has identified the presence of acute common duct obstruction or localized intrahepatic ductal obstruction. All in all, Tc-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has had a dramatic impact upon hepatobiliary diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pharmakokinetik von Cefadroxil, einem neuen, oralen halbsynthetischen Cephalosporin, wurde an fünf Personen mit normaler Nierenfunktion und 20 Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz unterschiedlichen Schweregrades geprüft. Alle Personen erhielten 1000 mg per os als Einzeldosis, danach wurde die Eliminationsphase untersucht. Bei gesunden Probanden betrug die Eliminationshalbwertszeit (T1/2) 1,39 ± 0,06 h. Das Verteilungsvolumen wurde mit 0,305 Liter/kg und die Fläche unter der Serumkonzentrations-Zeit-Kurve, AUC, mit 82,94 ± 19,98 mcg.h/ml gemessen. Im Mittel wurden Serumspitzenwerte von 25,72 ± 4,68 mcg.h/ml−1 erreicht, sie traten 1,20 ± 0,45 h nach Einnahme auf. 93,0 ± 3,6% der Dosis wurden während der ersten 24 Stunden im Urin wiedergefunden. Die renale und die Serum-Clearance betrugen im Mittel 166,7 beziehungsweise 172,4 ml/min−1/1,73 m2. Bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz stieg im Falle von schwerem Nierenversagen T1/2 auf 25,49 h. Die renale Störung veränderte das Verteilungsvolumen nicht signifikant. Während einer sechs- bis achtstündigen Hämodialysephase nahm die Serumkonzentration des Antibiotikums um 75,4 ± 5,6% ab. Auf der Basis der vorliegenden pharmakokinetischen Daten könnten Dosierungsschemata vorgeschlagen werden.
    Notes: Summary Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil, a new oral semisynthetic cephalosporin, was studied in 5 subjects with normal renal function and in 20 patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. All subjects received 1,000 mgper os in single dose and the elimination phase was studied. In healthy subjects, elimination half-life (T1/2) was 1.39 ± 0.06 h. Apparent volume of distribution was 0.305 liters/kg and area under the serum concentration versus time curve AUC was 82.94 ± 19.98 µg · h/ml. Peak level averaged 25.72 ± 4.68 µg · ml−1 and occurred at 1.20 ± 0.45 h postingestion. 93.0 ± 3.6% of the dose was recovered in urine during the first 24 h. Renal and serum clearance averaged 166.7 and 172.4 ml · min−1/1.73 m2, respectively. In patients with renal insufficiency, T1/2 increased to 25.49 h in severe chronic renal failure. Renal impairment did not significantly modify volume of distribution. During a 6-to 8-hour hemodialysis session, antibiotic serum concentrations decreased by 75.4 ± 5.6%. Dosage schedules could be suggested on the basis of these pharmacokinetic results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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