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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial proteins in canine distemper virus-induced demyelination (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper ; Demyelination ; Immunohistology ; MBP ; MAG ; GFAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A temporal series of demyelinating lesions in experimental canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was examined with immunohistological techniques demonstrating myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on serial sections. The earliest lesions were characterized by decreased MBP and MAG and increased GFAP. During the further progression of the disease, MBP and MAG losses continued to match each other. There was no indication of MAG loss preceding the disappearance of MBP. In the more advanced lesions there was a marked decrease of GFAP positive cells. Since these findings differed considerably from similar immunohistochemical studies in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) where demyelination results from oligodendroglial infection, it was concluded that the oligodendroglial cell body is not the primary target of CDV. The marked astroglial changes were also considered to contribute to demyelination in CDV infection but the mechanism by which this happens remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691492
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulins in demyelinating lesions in canine distemper encephalitis (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brains of 14 dogs with canine distemper encephalitis were examined with immunohistologic techniques to search for immunogobulin in demyelinating lesions. Four types of lesions presumably representing a temporal sequence of lesion development were distinguished. Immunohistologic findings included immunoglobulin bearing lymphoid cells, amorphous Ig containing material, immunoglobulin bound to the tissue and immunoglobulin containing macrophages and astrocytes. The humoral immune response was absent or very minimal in acute lesions and very intense in chronic lesions. It was concluded that early demyelination in canine distemper encephalitis occurs in the absence of a local humoral immune response but that this response may aggravate and accelerate myelin destruction in the later stages of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691330
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary neurovisceral mannosidosis associated withα-mannosidase deficiency in a family of Persian cats (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 64-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mannosidosis ; α-Mannosidase deficiency ; Hypomyelination ; Storage disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several kittens in a family of Persian cats had a metabolic storage disease. Clinically the disorder was characterized by hepatomegaly, neurological sings and early death. The microscopic lesions consisted of widespread vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system and in liver cells. Electronmicroscopically the lesions consisted of intracytoplasmic accumulation of membrane-bound “empty” vacuoles. In addition to the storage disease, poor myelination of the cerebral white matter was found. The defect was reproduced in breeding trials. On biochemical analysis of brain tissue, deficient function of the enzymeα-mannosidase was detected. The clinical and pathological features of mannosidosis in Persian cats were compared to similar defects in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692699
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canine distemper virus-induced glial cell changes in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1983), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Brain tissue culture ; Astrocyte ; Oligodendrocyte ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro studies on glial cell changes in canine distemper virus (CDV) infection could be useful for the understanding of the pathogenesis of demyelination in vivo in this disease. Mixed glial cell cultures derived from neonatal mice and dogs were infected with CDV and examined using immunocytochemical techniques demonstrating specific oligodendroglial and astroglial cell markers. Astrocytic changes were similar in both murine and canine cultures and consisted of loss of processes, cell fusion, and cell necrosis. Marked oligodendroglial lesions were apparent in the canine brain cultures and were characterized by focal perikaryal protrusions, swelling and loss of cell processes, and cell necrosis. Fusion between oligodendrocytes was not observed. Fusion between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes could not be documented with double labeling techniques. In contrast to the canine cultures, murine oligodendrocytes remained relatively unaffected by the infection. These findings were discussed with respect to cell pathology and mechanisms of demyelination in vivo. The exact nature of the canine oligodendroglial lesions in vitro needs to be studied in further experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684920
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demyelination in experimental canine distemper virus infection: Immunological, pathologic, and immunohistological studies (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary White matter lesions were induced in the brains of eight of nine dogs by means of experimental canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. Dogs were killed at 21, 24, 31, and 42 days after infection. Lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A and PHA stimulation in vitro was severely suppressed up to 31 days post infection (p.i.), followed by partial recovery as tested at 42 days p.i. Anti-CDV neutralizing antibody response was very weak in most dogs. There was a weak increase in antimyelin and antimyelin basic protein antibodies in most dogs during the course of the experiment. Dogs killed up to 31 days p.i. developed non-inflammatory demyclinating lesions in which no immunoglobulin could be detected. One of the three dogs that were killed at 42 days p.i. developed severe inflammatory demyelination. This was the only dog with a strong anti-MBP antibody response in the CSF and immunoglobulin demonstrated in demyelinating lesions. The present study supports previous observations that demyelination in acute CDV infection is not an immune mediated lesion but that these lesions may progress as a result of the local immune response. It is uncertain at this stage whether the local immune reaction specifically causes myelin destruction or whether bystander demyelination occurs in chronic CDE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691260
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological and pathological findings in demyelinating encephalitis associated with canine distemper virus infection (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine dogs with canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) were examined with immunological techniques including demonstration of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) in the serum and against myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum and in CSF. Mitogen stimulation tests of lymphocytes were also done. The brains were examined pathologically and immunoglobulin and C3 were demonstrated in lesions by means of immunohistological techniques. Six dogs with acute CDE had none or low antibody levels against CDV or MBP, and there was no immunoglobulin in demyelinating lesions. Some of these dogs had depressed lymphocyte mitogen responses. Two dogs with chronic CDE showed recovery of lymphocyte mitogen responses. One of these had a significant antibody response against CDV and MBP in the serum. Both dogs with chronic CDE had very high antibody titers against MBP in the CSF and demyelinating lesions contained immunoglobulin. These results suggest that acute demyelination in CDE is probably due to some direct viral activity and that the progression of demyelination in chronic CDE is associated with a local immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691174
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysmyelination in Chow Chow dogs: Further studies in older dogs (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine CNS ; Myelination ; Hypomyelinogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of myelin deficiency in Chow Chow dogs was studied in the spinal cord of a 15-month-old and a 3-year-old animal. It was found that myelination progresses with age in these dogs but is still deficient at the age of 3 years. The findings included axons with thin or uncompacted myelin sheaths, separated from each other by massive astrocytosis, and bizarre myelin formations. Normal numbers of morphologically normal oligodendrocytes were present in the myelin-deficient areas. The disease in these Chow Chow dogs consists of a strongly retarded myelination which is possibly due to a dysfunction or delay in glial maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699232
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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