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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 32 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: [14C]5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine ([14C] 5,6-DHT) and [14C]5,7-dihydroxytryptamine ([14C]5,7-DHT) were deaminated to toluene-isoamylalcohol extractable products when incubated with homogenates of rat hypothalamus or pons-medulla oblongata. [14C]5,6-Dihydroxyindole acetic acid ([14C]5.6-DHIAA) and [14C]5,7-dihydroxyindole acetic acid ([14C]5,7-DHIAA) were detected as MAO metabolites by TLC besides non-identified components. The conversion of [14C]5,6-DHT and [14C]5,7-DHT obeyed, at least initially, Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km 5,7-DHT: 0.5 × 10−3M; Km 5,6-DHT: 1.25 × 10−3M). Inhibition of the reaction by the MAO A inhibitor, clorgyline, resulted in a typical double sigmoidal inhibition curve indicating that both amines are metabolized by both types of MAO (A and B). In deprenyl inhibition studies, however, 5,7- and 5,6-DHT seemed to be preferred substrates of MAO A.Incubation of rat brain homogenates with [14C]5,6-DHT and [14C]5,7-DHT or with the MAO metabolites [14C]5,6-DHIAA and [14C]5,7-DHIAA caused a time-dependent break-down of the dihydroxylated indole compounds with subsequent binding of radioactivity to perchloric acid insoluble tissue components.5,6-DHT inactivated MAO in rat brain homogenates parallel to its decomposition and extensive protein binding. The inactivation of MAO by 5,6-DHT and the extensive binding of radioactivity to protein were antagonized by dithiothreitol (DTT), glutathione (GSH) and L-ascorbic acid. Reduction of [O2] in the incubation medium slightly attenuated the inactivation of MAO by 5,6-DHT. Catalase or superoxide dismutase failed to prevent MAO from being inactivated by 5,6-DHT. The results suggest that oxidation products of 5,6-DHT, e.g. its corresponding o-quinone, are involved in the inactivation of MAO in vitro and mainly responsible for the binding of radioactivity to brain proteins in vitro. Similar mechanisms may also be operative in the in vivo neurotoxicity of 5,6-DHT.The lack of inactivation of MAO by 5,7-DHT in vitro correlated with a low degree of radioactivity binding (from [14C]5,7-DHT) to homogenate protein pellets; the binding to proteins was barely influenced by GSH, cysteine, DTT and l-ascorbic acid. These latter findings do not provide a plausible explanation for the mechanism(s) involved in the well known in vivo neurotoxicity of 5,7-DHT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 21 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent work has shown that intracerebral injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) lead to a fairly selective and long lasting depletion of 5-HT in the rat CNS (BAUMGARTEN, BJORKLUND, LACHENMAYER, NOBIN and STENEVI, 1971; DALY, FUXE and JONSSON, 1973). This effect appears to result from a degeneration of the serotonin-containing neurons (BAUMGARTEN and LACHENMAYER, 1972a). 5,6-DHT does, however, to a lesser extent affect both NA and dopamine (DA) containing nerve terminals (BAUMGARTEN et al., 1971). In an attempt, therefore, to find compounds having a more specific toxic action we have investigated several other hydroxylated tryptamines. In order to obtain information about the differential affinities of these analogues for neuronal uptake sites we have examined their effects on the uptake of [3H]5-HT and (±)-[3H]NA into synaptosomes in homogenates of rat hypothalamus and of [3H]DA uptake into a similar preparation from the rat corpus striatum. It is known that the uptake of these putative transmitters in rat brain homogenates is predominantly into the synaptosome fraction (KANNENGIESSER, HUNT and RAYNAUD, 1973; COYLE and SNYDER, 1969).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 305 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 305 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 305 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 100 (1923), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 90 (1920), S. 193-205 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Meerschweinchenvirulenz verschiedener Diphtheriestämme weist ganz außerordentliche Unterschiede auf und geht der Fähigkeit, Gifte in Bouillonkulturen zu bilden, keineswegs parallel. 2. Durch Einreiben virulenter Diphtheriebazillen auf die enthaarte Bauchhaut gelingt es regelmäßig, Meerschweinchen in typischer Weise krank zu machen und zu töten. 3. Weiße Mäuse sind gegenüber den gewöhnlichen Reagenzglasgiften. der Diphtheriebazillen, auch in größeren Mengen (0·5 bis 1·0 ccm), so gut wie unempfindlich. Es gelingt jedoch durch subkutane Verimpfung eingeengter, für Meerschweinchen stark wirksamer Diphtheriebouillongifte auch weiße Mäuse unter den charakteristischen Krankheitserscheinungen zu töten. 4. Lebende Diphtheriebazillen von frisch aus dem diphtheriekranken Menschen gezüchteten Stämmen zeigen eine erhebliche Mäusepathogenität. Die Tiere sterben nach Einverleibung von 1/2 bis 1/50 Öse regelmäßig im Verlauf von 3 bis 8 Tagen. 5. Diese Wirkung der lebenden Diphtheriebazillen beruht auf einer Intoxikation. Das von den Bazillen im Tierkörper erzeugte und den Tod der Mäuse herbeiführende Toxin ist mit dem von den Diphtheriebazillen in vitro gebildeten-Gift identisch, denn das mit Reagenzglasgiften hergestellte antitoxische Diphtherieserum entfaltet bei der Diphtherieinfektion der Mäuse sichere Schutz- und Heilwirkung. 6. Das normale, antitoxinfreie Pferdeserum hat selbst in Dosen von 0·5 bis 1·0 ccm im Gegensatz zum antitoxischen Serum bei der Diphtherie-erkrankung der weißen Mäuse weder prophylaktisch, noch therapeutisch irgendwelche Wirkung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 99 (1923), S. 186-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die echten Warmblütertuberkelbacillen sind gegenüber chemischen Einflüssen wesentlich empfindlicher als die saprophytischen säurefesten Stämme. Während die saprophytischen Stämme noch auf Nährböden üppig gedeihen, denen verhältnismäßig erhebliche Mengen gewisser chemischer Stoffe zugesetzt sind, findet ein Tuberkelbacillenwachstum nur bei wesentlich geringeren Konzentrationen der betreffenden Substanzen statt. Im allgemeinen geht die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Chemikalien mit der Tierpathogenität parallel. 2. Eine scharfe Abgrenzung zwischen echten Tuberkelbacillen und saprophytischen Stämmen ist jedoch auf diese Weise nicht immer möglich, da zahlreiche säurefeste Stämme, die auf Grund ihrer sonstigen biologischen Eigenschaften als Typen, die in der Mitte stehen, zu betrachten sind, auch hinsichtlich ihres Wachstums auf derart präparierten Nährböden eine Mittelstellung zwischen den beiden Extremen einnehmen. 3. Sog. teratologische Wuchsformen, wie sie bei anderen Bakterienarten beschrieben wurden, konnten bei der Züchtung säurefester Bakterien auf Kochsalz- usw.-agar nicht beobachtet werden. 4. Die Untersuchungen weisen in Übereinstimmung mit früher mitgeteilten Versuchsergebnissen auf die nahen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen hin, die zwischen den saprophytischen und tierpathogenen Vertretern der säurefesten Bakteriengruppe bestehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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