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  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid-structure analysis by energy-scanning X-ray diffraction: mercury (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Quantitative liquid-structure analysis using energy-scanning diffraction rather than the traditional angle-scanning diffraction is introduced. In the experimental method, white radiation and a solid-state detector are employed. This new method is inherently faster and less beset with problems of experimental instability than are angular-scanning methods. However, many differences in analysis are introduced. In particular, measurement of the primary beam spectrum, the nature of the absorption and dispersion corrections, details of the polarization correction, the ranges of the atomic scattering factor and of the incoherent scattering term, and the mating of different scattering regimes all require special consideration. Application of the new instrumental method and the reconstructed analytical procedure to liquid mercury at room temperature has produced a result in agreement with other recent studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010898
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new X-ray diffraction-fluorescence method for the study of films: preliminary results for CuxS on CdS (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 333-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The structure of an ion-exchanged layer of CuxS on CdS has been studied by an X-ray method which yields diffraction and fluorescence results simultaneously. The method utilized a solid-state Ge crystal detector and a low incidence angle for the X-ray beam. From the fluorescence yield one can estimate the expected diffraction contribution of the surface film. The diffraction results indicated the presence of both chalcocite (Cu2S) and djurleite (Cu1.96S). A reversible phase transition near 100°C was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010552
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray interference fringes in Berg-Barrett micrographs (1964)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 17 (1964), S. 1214-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X64003139
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A dynamic study of the crystallization of polyethylene from the melt (1978)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 11 (1978), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Crystallization of a linear polyethylene from the melt was followed in situ with the ORNL 10-meter SAXS camera [Hendricks (1978). J. Appl. Cryst. 11, 15–30]. Specimens were rapidly cooled in the X-ray beam in tandem birdcage furnaces from 1̃80°C to temperatures between 115 and 126°C, and scattering patterns were recorded for 30 s in 50 s intervals. Because of this relatively high-speed data acquisition rate, it was possible to obtain data in time periods which were short compared to the rate of change of the scattering patterns. The SAXS curves showed shapes which changed continuously during crystallization. The scattering curves are the superposition of a zero-angle peak and a Bragg maximum. Guinier plots of the zero-angle peak manifest scattering by lamellae of constant thickness. The thickness value is nearly that expected for crystallites at these crystallization temperatures. A model in which skeletal spherulites form and then later fill in is consistent with these results. Decreasing SAXS intensity and changing Bragg peak intensities indicate crystal thickening during cooling to room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889878013862
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructure and annealing behaviour of cold-drawn isotactic polypropylene (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 2188-2196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Isotactic polypropylene tensile bars were cold-drawn at room temperature and subsequently annealed for various times at temperatures ranging from 50 to 155° C. The material was examined at room temperature in the as-drawn state at several stages of annealing. SAXS, density and mechanical loss data were obtained. Furthermore, thin films were cast. These films were drawn at −196° C and subsequently examined in the electron microscope at −120° C and at higher annealing temperatures. SAXS results for lower temperature annealing showed increases in the intensity of the small-angle Bragg hump with no change in position. High temperature annealing produced a very large intensity increase. In no case did the density of the material show a large increase. Electron microscopy indicated a microstructureless material in the as-drawn state. Annealing at low temperatures produced a fibrous morphology with no observable density modulation in the draw direction. High temperature annealing produced a lamellar microstructure with “normal”, stepwise density modulation. Dynamical mechanical loss curves exhibited no or little β relaxation, except after high temperature annealing. On the basis of these observations, a microstructural model is proposed. The model suggests a very highly defective crystal or paracrystal in the as-drawn state. Low temperature annealing promotes a fibrillar, fringed micellar morphology, in which “crystalline” and “amorphous” regions are not clearly delineated. At higher annealing temperatures, a lamellar, two-phase microstructure is produced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541673
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deformation and defects in (SN) X kink bands (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 891-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Crystals of (SN) X were mechanically deformed and examined using transmission electron microscopy. Numerous kink bands with axes perpendicular to the chain axis were formed as part of the deformation process. The kink bands were observed to have the following characteristics: (1) high distortion beyond their edges, (2) ultimately full return of the material on either side of the kink band to the mean crystal orientation, (3) apparently random angles of kinking and (4) continuous change in orientation across the kink edge. It was noted, in describing how kink bands would form, that chain continuity poses problems that would not be present in simpler solids. A kink-band formation model is presented. In this model, particular attention is paid to chain continuity. By allowing elastic regions within the kink-band edge, it is possible to attain arbitrary kink angle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550721
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energy-scanning small-angle X-ray scattering: polyethylene (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1975), S. 567-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Energy-scanning small-angle X-ray scattering is demonstrated. Here,λ-, rather thanθ-space is scanned. Patterns in times as low as 100 sec are observed. Good correlation betweenθ- andλ-scanning is shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566562
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray topographic study of solid-state polymerized poly-[1,2-bis-(p tolylsulphonyloxymethylene)-1-butene-3-inylene] (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1976), S. 2258-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Local extinction contrast effects have been observed in macroscopic polymer crystals, using Berg-Barrett X-ray topography. Results from as-polymerized crystals indicate that the crystals are perfect enough for defect regions to be imaged. As-polymerized crystals exhibited apparent defects lying along [021]. [010] slip traces in the (100) surface of a crystal were imaged; the slip system here appears to be consistent with (h01) [¯10h], forh, l ≠ 0 and [010] the chain direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00752089
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Craze roles in the fatigue of polycarbonate (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Unnotched specimens of polycarbonate were deformed to failure in equal tension-compression, under load control. Fracture surfaces exhibited two distinctly different crack propagation regimes. In the first zone, the crack moves forward through an already existing craze. Craze ageing at the crack tip is necessary for propagation and several stress cycles are required before the crack tip can move from arrest site to arrest site. In the second zone, the crack tip must form and age its own craze(s) before moving forward. In the initial stage of Zone 2, the crack mobility is still restricted by the age of the craze. Later in this zone, the crack tip is able to create craze and move through it in the same cycle. Static tensile deformation from 90% to 95% of the yield point produced an increase in the low-load fatigue life. This increase is explained on the basis of the mechanics of coarse crazes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028346
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meaning and measurement of crystallinity in polymers: A Review (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A useful concept in polymer science is the degree of crystallinity - the fraction of the polymer that exists in a relatively ordered state. Methods of determination of the degree of crystallinity using density, infrared, thermal, N.M.R. and X-ray measurements are examined in light of modern notions of the structure of semi-crystalline polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090504
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