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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Congenital or Early Acquired Noninfectious Mitral Valve Malformation ; Congenital Isolated Mitral Stenosis ; Congenital Isolated Mitral Insufficiency ; Combined Mixed Mitral Valve Malformation ; Insufficiency of Mitrally Inverted Tricuspid Valve with Ebstein's Anomaly ; Second Mitral Ostium ; Atrio-Ventricular Canal ; Bland-White-Garland Syndrome ; Endocardial Fibrosis ; Heart Configuration ; Pathological Anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An folgenden Beispielen aus dem eigenen Operations- und autoptischen Untersuchungsgut der letzten 5 Jahre wird die spezielle Pathologie rekonstruierbarer oder prothetisch korrigierbarer kongenitaler Herzfehler der Mitralregion dargestellt: 1. Kongenitale isolierte Mitralstenose bei einem weiblichen Zwillingspaar (7 Monate alt gewordener Säugling bzw. 2 9/12 Jahre alt gewordenes Kleinkind) 2. kongenitale isolierte Mitralinsuffizienz bei einem 7 1/2jährigen Jungen 3. kombiniertes, unreines Mitralvitium bei parachute-valveähnlicher Mitralklappen-anomalie, kombiniert mit einer Hypoplasie der Aorta ascendens et descendens, bei einem 6 1/2jährigen Mädchen 4. kongenitale Mitralinsuffizienz bei parachute mitral valve, kombiniert mit supravalvulärer Aortenstenose und multiplen peripheren Pulmonalarterienstenosen, bei einem 13 1/4 Jahre alten Jungen 5. Insuffizienz der in Mitralposition invertierten Tricuspidalklappe bei sog. korrigierter Transposition der großen Gefäße bei einem 6 Jahre alt gewordenen Jungen und mit Ebsteinscher Anomalie bei einem 2 1/2jährigen Jungen 6. zweites Mitralostium im aortalen Mitralsegel bei partiellem AV-Kanal bei einem 6 3/4 Jahre alt gewordenen Mädchen mit Ellis-van Creveld-Syndrom 7. Bland-White-Garland-Syndrom mit relativer Mitralklappeninsuffizienz bei einem 5 Monate und bei einem 4 Monate alten männlichen Säugling. Trotz der Wiederkehr ähnlicher oder vergleichbarer Befunde ist jedes der von uns beobachteten kongenitalen oder frühkindlich erworbenen, nicht entzündlichen Mitralvitien für sich gestaltlich verschieden. Die operative Korrektur erforderte daher in jedem Falle ein individuelles Vorgehen. Einerseits ist nur unter Verwendung der klinischen Untersuchungsbefunde aus der speziellen Pathologie verläßlich auf den Grad der Fehlfunktion der AV-Klappe in Mitralposition rückzuschließen. Andererseits läßt sich der detaillierte pathologisch-anatomische Befund bei kongenitalen Mitralvitien trotz der heute verfügbaren kardiodiagnostischen Methoden erst bei der direkten Inspektion — sei es unter der Sicht des Operateurs, sei es autoptisch — erheben. Neben dem jeweiligen Klappenbefund werden die für Mitralvitien typischen Sekundärveränderungen besprochen — so die links atrial betonte Endocard-fibroelastose und die Herzkonfiguration. Auf die anatomischen Voraussetzungen für ein chirurgisch rekonstruktives Vorgehen oder einen prothetischen Herzklappenersatz wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The special pathology of reconstructable or only prosthetically correctable congenital malformations of the mitral valve is described on the basis of the following examples taken from our own operative and autopsy material of the last 5 years: 1. Congenital isolated mitral stenosis in female twins (7 month old infant and 33 month old child). 2. Congenital isolated mitral insufficiency in a 7 1/2 year old boy. 3. Combined mixed mitral valve malformations with a parachute valve-like mitral valve anomaly, combined with hypoplasia of the ascending and descending aortas, in a 6 1/2 year old girl. 4. Congenital mitral insufficiency with a parachute mitral value, combined with supravalvular aortic stenosis and multiple peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary arteries in a 13 1/4 year old boy. 5. Insufficiency of the mitrally inverted tricuspid value with so-called corrected transposition of the great vessels in a 6 year old boy and with Ebstein's anomaly in a 2 1/2 year old boy. 6. A second mitral ostium in the aortic mitral leaflet with a partial atrioventricular canal in a 6 3/4 year old girl with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. 7. Bland-White-Garland syndrome with relative mitral insufficiency in a 5 month old and a 4 month old boy. Despite the recurrence of similar and comparable findings, each of our cases of congenital or early acquired noninfectious mitral valve malformation was formally different. This was also true for the cases of congenital isolated mitral stenosis in twins. Therefore, surgical correction requires a unique procedure for each case. It is possible to reliably infer the degree of malfunction of the atrioventricular valve in a mitral position from the special pathology only by considering the clinical data. On the other hand, a detailed evaluation of congenital mitral valve malformations is possible only through direct inspection—either by the surgeon or through an autopsy—despite modern cardiodiagnostic methods. Typical secondary findings are also discussed—for instance, endocardial fibrosis of the left atrium and the configuration of the heart. The anatomical prerequisites for surgical reconstruction or replacement of the valve with a prosthesis are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 483-517 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cervidae ; dominance order ; licking ; olfactory communication ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus tarandus ; reindeer ; scent glands ; sniffing ; social behavior ; tracking response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The social interactions of captive reindeer were observed for one year. The seasonal changes of agonistic behavior, the social rank order, social affinity during rest, social sniffing and licking, solitary sniffing and licking, hindleg-head contact, and other motor patterns involving head and antlers are described. Social sniffing and licking correlated more with sex than with social rank. Olfactory responses during encounters and tracking were investigated experimentally. Chemical communication is particularly important in sexual and maternal behavior and during encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 325-335 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cervidae ; interdigital secretion ; olfactory communication ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus ; reindeer ; scent glands ; scent marking ; sniffing ; tracking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult captive European “forest” reindeer,Rangifer tarandus L., were exposed to hindfoot interdigital (ID) secretion placed on the ground. The animals were tested with blanks and interdigital secretion from themselves and male and female group members, and secretion from excised glands of male and female “mountain” reindeer. Responses to the stimuli consisted of sniffing, licking, and olfactory searching on the ground. With forest reindeer secretions, each sex responded more to its own ID secretion than to that of the opposite sex. Of the mountain reindeer samples, male ID secretion released stronger responses. The responses did not vary systematically from June to October. The functional significance of the ID secretion in free-ranging reindeer is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 591-601 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: caudal gland ; cervids ; deer ; mammals ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus ; reindeer ; scent communication ; scent gland ; skin gland ; tail gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavior observations in European reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) showed a high frequency of sniffing the tails of conspecifics. A caudal gland was found, and it is the largest skin gland inRangifer. Behavioral contexts of tail sniffing, the histology of the gland, and some aspects of the composition of the volatiles in the gland's secretion are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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