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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In previous studies, it had been shown that human gray and white matter tissue slices have the capacity to synthesize large amounts of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LT) in vitro. This study was initiated to investigate cysteinyl-LT formation by tissue slices from intracranial tumors in comparison with cyclooxygenase products such as prostaglandin (PG) F2α, and thromboxane (TX) B2. Tissue slices from meningiomas and astrocytomas were found to release large amounts of cysteinyl-LT spontaneously and even higher amounts after ionophore A 23187 stimulation, which could not be accounted for by blood possibly remaining in the tissue slices. Cysteinyl-LT were identified by their immunoreactive characteristics, their biological activity in the guinea pig ileum bioassay, and their retention time on reversed-phase HPLC. With increasing malignancy, astrocytomas were shown to have an increasing biosynthetic capacity for cysteinyl-LT and TXB2 in vitro. In comparison with meningioma patients, malignant astrocytoma patients had an enhanced urinary excretion of LTE4, the major urinary metabolite of cysteinyl-LT in humans, which dropped in level within 7 days after operation by 79%. A correlation exists between the in vivo cysteinyl-LT production in patients with malignant astrocytomas and that observed under basal conditions in the tissue slices in vitro. The results provide evidence that in malignant astrocytoma patients, the tumor tissue produces large amounts of cysteinyl-LT, which may be detected in the patients' urine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The establishment of retino-collicular topography is a well-investigated model of axon pathfinding and it was believed that this topography is irreversibly fixed throughout life. We now report that, after partial crush of the adult rat optic nerve, the anterograde transport of intravitreally-injected tracers via axons of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in all retinal quadrants is confined to the rostro-medial part of the superior colliculus (SC). This indicates that the retino-collicular topography is rearranged after partial crush of the adult rat optic nerve. The reorganization starts in the injured optic nerve where surviving axonal fibres are demyelinized and bundled in the periphery of the optic nerve distal to the crush site. This is followed by a displacement of surviving axons to the medial part of the optic tract (OT) within 2 weeks. The infiltration of macrophages with the subsequent production of tumour necrosis factor-α at the lesion site is a prerequisite for the altered retino-collicular projection as blockade of tumour necrosis factor-α signalling with the neutralizing antibody Infliximab abolishes reorganization in the SC and lateralization of RGC axons in the optic nerve and OT. This suggests that optic nerve inflammation is necessary for a progressive bundling of surviving RGC axons, probably via clearance of cellular debris which, in turn, may lead to a redistribution of RGC axons to the medial OT and rostro-medial SC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Restoration of brightness discrimination was studied in adult rats after controlled crush of the optic nerve in order to further characterize a recently introduced experimental brain injury model. Mild, moderate or severe crush of the optic nerve produced partial or complete loss of the ability to perform a brightness discrimination task. Two to three weeks following mild injury we observed nearly complete spontaneous behavioural recovery whereas recovery was more limited after moderate and totally absent after severe crush. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the superior colliculus was transported retrogradely across the lesion site and accumulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Two days following mild, moderate or severe crush, 28, 23 and 8% respectively of RGCs were found to be labelled with HRP, indicating that they are still connected with their target and are therefore presumably intact. RGC loss affected all areas of the retina homogeneously. At postoperative day 14, the number of morphologically‘intact’RGCs declined even further to 11% in the mild injury group, despite our observation of recovery of vision to near-normal levels. The mechanism whereby such impressive neuronal plasticity is achieved despite the rather small number of intact RGCs is still unknown. However, further studies of the crush model using additional behavioural, morphological and electrophysiological techniques may allow us to determine more clearly the biological basis of recovery of function after central nervous system injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 34 (1986), S. 384-392 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Engineering computations 19 (2002), S. 787-819 
    ISSN: 0264-4401
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the physical, mathematical and numerical models forming the main structure of the numerical analysis of the thermal, hydral and mechanical behaviour of normal, high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) structures subjected to heating. A fully coupled non-linear formulation is designed to predict the behaviour, and potential for spalling, of heated concrete structures for fire and nuclear reactor applications. The physical model is described in more detail, with emphasis being placed upon the real processes occurring in concrete during heating based on tests carried out in several major laboratories around Europe as part of the wider high temperature concrete (HITECO) research programme. A number of experimental and modelling advances are presented in this paper. The stress-strain behaviour of concrete in direct tension, determined experimentally, is input into the model. The hitherto unknown micro-structural, hydral and mechanical behaviour of HPC/UHPC were determined experimentally and the information is also built into the model. Two examples of computer simulations concerning experimental validation of the model, i.e. temperature and gas pressure development in a radiatively heated HPC wall and hydro-thermal and mechanical (damage) performance of a square HPC column during fire, are presented and discussed in the context of full scale fire tests done within the HITECO research programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Engineering computations 13 (1996), S. 113-143 
    ISSN: 0264-4401
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: Presents a fully coupled numerical model to simulate the slow transient phenomena involving heat and mass transfer in deforming partially saturated porous materials. Makes use of the modified effective stress concept together with the capillary pressure relationship. Examines phase changes (evaporation-condensation(, heat transfer through conduction and convection, as well as latent heat transfer. The governing equations in terms of gas pressure, capillary pressure, temperature and displacements are coupled non-linear differential equations and are discretized by the finite element method in space and by finite differences in the time domain. The model is further validated with respect to a documented experiment on partially saturated soil behaviour, and the effects of two-phase flow, as compared to the one-phase flow solution, are analysed. Two other examples involving drying of a concrete wall and thermoelastic consolidation of partially saturated clay demonstrate the importance of proper physical modelling and of appropriate choice of the boundary conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 361 (1973), S. 77-96 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an operierten Patienten mit Fallotschen Vitien führten zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Postoperativ verstorbene Patienten haben vor der Operation signifikant höhere Hämatokritwerte und eine niedrigere arterielle Sauerstoffsättigung als Überlebende. Zwischen Hämatokrit und arterieller O2-Sättigung besteht jeweils eine positive Korrelation. Hoher Hämatokrit und niedrige arterielle O2-Sättigung bedeuten ein erhöhtes Operationsrisiko. 2. Bei 30 Verstorbenen wurden folgende Lungenveränderungen am häufigsten beobachtet (in Klammern jeweils die Zahl der Fälle): Alveoläre Lungenblutungen (29), ausgeprägte capilläre Hyperämie (28) mit Ausbildung von Capillaraneurysmen, Lymphangiektasie (28), Mikrothrombose aller Schweregrade (27), Lungenödem (26), pulmonale hyaline Membranen (23, davon 12mal teilweise mit Zeichen einer Organisation), Atelektasen (23), sog. alveolärer Desquamativkatarrh (23), Thromben verschiedenen „Alters“ (18) mit Rekanalisationstendenz bzw. Ausbildung einer sog. Patchy fibrosis, interstitielle Blutungen (14) und pneumonische Infiltrate (8). 3. Quantitative Untersuchungen an 24 Lungen ergaben gegenüber Kontrollfällen einen signifikant erhöhten Capillaranteil von 17,3±5,7 Flächen-% und einen mit nur 35,05±13,23 Flächen-% gegenüber 65,9±8,06 Flächen-% der Kontrollen stark verminderten Anteil belüfteter Alveolen. Der Durchschnittswert an hyalinen Membranen betrug 2,59 Flächen-% bei einem Maximalwert von 18,8%. 4. Von 16 Frühtodesfällen hatten 9 präoperativ entstandene Thromben und 7 ältere bzw. organisierte pulmonale hyaline Membranen („Vorschädigung“ der Lungen). 5. Für die „Fallot-Lunge“ ist die Kombination folgender Lungenveränderungen hochcharakteristisch: a) Starke capilläre Hyperämie mit Ausbildung von Capillaraneurysmen, b) Thromben aller Altersstufen, insbesondere mit Entwicklung einer Patchy fibrosis, c) Überzufällige Häufigkeit und besondere Intensität von pulmonalen hyalinen Membranen verschiedenen Alters. 6. Postoperativ werden die Lungenveränderungen durch Schockmechanismen verstärkt (Fallot-Lunge+Schock-Lunge). Als wirksame Prophylaxe gegen rezidivierende Lungengefäßthrombosen wird eine Anticoagulation mit Heparin zur Diskussion gestellt.
    Notes: Summary Postoperative examinations of patients with Fallot's tetralogy produced the following results: 1. Patients who died postoperatively showed significantly higher hematocrit values and lower arterial oxygen saturation prior to surgery than those who survived. A positive correlation was determined between the hematocrit and arterial O2 saturation. High hematocrit and low arterial O2 saturation indicate an increased operative risk. 2. The most frequent pulmonary changes observed in 30 fatal cases (no. of cases in brackets): alveolar hemorrhage (29), distinct capillary hyperemia with capillary aneurysms (28), lymphangiectasia (28), disseminated microthrombosis of varying severity (27), intra-alveolar edema (26), hyaline membranes (23; 12 with signs of organization in parts), atelectasis (23), so-called alveolar desquamative catarrh (23), thrombi in various stages of organization with recanalization and partial development of so-called patchy fibrosis (18), interstitial hemorrhages (14), and pneumonic infiltrates (8). 3. Morphometric investigations of 24 lungs revealed the following data in comparison to a control group (all values expressed as percentages of the total surface): a significantly enlarged capillary fraction of 17.3 ± 5.7%; a greatly decreased fraction of unaltered alveoli of 35.05 ± 13.23% compared to 65.9 ± 8.06% for controls; an average amount of hyaline membranes of 2.59% with a maximum of 18.8%. 4. 9 of 16 fatal cases had thrombi before surgery and 7 cases had older or totally organized hyaline membranes („pre-damage“ of the lungs). 5. The coincidence of the following pulmonary changes is highly characteristic for the “Fallot lung”: a) distinct capillary hyperemia with formation of capillary aneurysms, b) thrombi in various stages of organization, especially with patchy fibrosis, and c) significant frequency and especial severity of hyaline membranes in various stages of organization. 6. The pulmonary changes are intensified postoperatively by shock mechanisms (Fallot lung + shock lung). Anticoagulatory treatment with heparin is suggested as an effective preventive measure against repeated thrombotic episodes in pulmonary vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Congenital or Early Acquired Noninfectious Mitral Valve Malformation ; Congenital Isolated Mitral Stenosis ; Congenital Isolated Mitral Insufficiency ; Combined Mixed Mitral Valve Malformation ; Insufficiency of Mitrally Inverted Tricuspid Valve with Ebstein's Anomaly ; Second Mitral Ostium ; Atrio-Ventricular Canal ; Bland-White-Garland Syndrome ; Endocardial Fibrosis ; Heart Configuration ; Pathological Anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An folgenden Beispielen aus dem eigenen Operations- und autoptischen Untersuchungsgut der letzten 5 Jahre wird die spezielle Pathologie rekonstruierbarer oder prothetisch korrigierbarer kongenitaler Herzfehler der Mitralregion dargestellt: 1. Kongenitale isolierte Mitralstenose bei einem weiblichen Zwillingspaar (7 Monate alt gewordener Säugling bzw. 2 9/12 Jahre alt gewordenes Kleinkind) 2. kongenitale isolierte Mitralinsuffizienz bei einem 7 1/2jährigen Jungen 3. kombiniertes, unreines Mitralvitium bei parachute-valveähnlicher Mitralklappen-anomalie, kombiniert mit einer Hypoplasie der Aorta ascendens et descendens, bei einem 6 1/2jährigen Mädchen 4. kongenitale Mitralinsuffizienz bei parachute mitral valve, kombiniert mit supravalvulärer Aortenstenose und multiplen peripheren Pulmonalarterienstenosen, bei einem 13 1/4 Jahre alten Jungen 5. Insuffizienz der in Mitralposition invertierten Tricuspidalklappe bei sog. korrigierter Transposition der großen Gefäße bei einem 6 Jahre alt gewordenen Jungen und mit Ebsteinscher Anomalie bei einem 2 1/2jährigen Jungen 6. zweites Mitralostium im aortalen Mitralsegel bei partiellem AV-Kanal bei einem 6 3/4 Jahre alt gewordenen Mädchen mit Ellis-van Creveld-Syndrom 7. Bland-White-Garland-Syndrom mit relativer Mitralklappeninsuffizienz bei einem 5 Monate und bei einem 4 Monate alten männlichen Säugling. Trotz der Wiederkehr ähnlicher oder vergleichbarer Befunde ist jedes der von uns beobachteten kongenitalen oder frühkindlich erworbenen, nicht entzündlichen Mitralvitien für sich gestaltlich verschieden. Die operative Korrektur erforderte daher in jedem Falle ein individuelles Vorgehen. Einerseits ist nur unter Verwendung der klinischen Untersuchungsbefunde aus der speziellen Pathologie verläßlich auf den Grad der Fehlfunktion der AV-Klappe in Mitralposition rückzuschließen. Andererseits läßt sich der detaillierte pathologisch-anatomische Befund bei kongenitalen Mitralvitien trotz der heute verfügbaren kardiodiagnostischen Methoden erst bei der direkten Inspektion — sei es unter der Sicht des Operateurs, sei es autoptisch — erheben. Neben dem jeweiligen Klappenbefund werden die für Mitralvitien typischen Sekundärveränderungen besprochen — so die links atrial betonte Endocard-fibroelastose und die Herzkonfiguration. Auf die anatomischen Voraussetzungen für ein chirurgisch rekonstruktives Vorgehen oder einen prothetischen Herzklappenersatz wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The special pathology of reconstructable or only prosthetically correctable congenital malformations of the mitral valve is described on the basis of the following examples taken from our own operative and autopsy material of the last 5 years: 1. Congenital isolated mitral stenosis in female twins (7 month old infant and 33 month old child). 2. Congenital isolated mitral insufficiency in a 7 1/2 year old boy. 3. Combined mixed mitral valve malformations with a parachute valve-like mitral valve anomaly, combined with hypoplasia of the ascending and descending aortas, in a 6 1/2 year old girl. 4. Congenital mitral insufficiency with a parachute mitral value, combined with supravalvular aortic stenosis and multiple peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary arteries in a 13 1/4 year old boy. 5. Insufficiency of the mitrally inverted tricuspid value with so-called corrected transposition of the great vessels in a 6 year old boy and with Ebstein's anomaly in a 2 1/2 year old boy. 6. A second mitral ostium in the aortic mitral leaflet with a partial atrioventricular canal in a 6 3/4 year old girl with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. 7. Bland-White-Garland syndrome with relative mitral insufficiency in a 5 month old and a 4 month old boy. Despite the recurrence of similar and comparable findings, each of our cases of congenital or early acquired noninfectious mitral valve malformation was formally different. This was also true for the cases of congenital isolated mitral stenosis in twins. Therefore, surgical correction requires a unique procedure for each case. It is possible to reliably infer the degree of malfunction of the atrioventricular valve in a mitral position from the special pathology only by considering the clinical data. On the other hand, a detailed evaluation of congenital mitral valve malformations is possible only through direct inspection—either by the surgeon or through an autopsy—despite modern cardiodiagnostic methods. Typical secondary findings are also discussed—for instance, endocardial fibrosis of the left atrium and the configuration of the heart. The anatomical prerequisites for surgical reconstruction or replacement of the valve with a prosthesis are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 315 (1981), S. 269-276 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aspirin ; Indomethacin ; Prostacyclin ; Structure activity relations ; Tumor promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. A sensitive, simple, reproducible, and economical assay for structure-activity investigations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is lacking. This has promted us to investigate the advantages and limitations of defining for that purpose the potency of NSAID's as inhibitors of tumour promoter-induced prostaglandin (PG) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. 2. These cells release mainly PGE2 and PGI2 (measured as its stable hydrolysis product 6-keto-PGF1α) upon stimulation with the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). 3. The PG release was dose-dependently inhibited by a variety of NSAID's. Their inhibitory potency was dependent on the culture conditions employed. The widely used acidic NSAID's were more potent when assayed under serum free culture conditions at low pH. 4. Dose response curves for acidic NSAID tested under serum free conditions allowed for the definition of IC50 values being reproducible within their 95% confidence limits. 5. The IC50 values obtained for different standard acidic NSAID's varied within 4 orders of magnitude. They corresponded favourably to their clinical potency and their potency in a variety of standard tests for antiinflammatory drugs. 6. IC50 values of five congeners of indomethacin differed up to 2 orders of magnitude in agreement with in vivo observations indicating the applicability of this assay for structure-activity investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 28 (1929), S. 301-310 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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