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Effects of Stimulus Variability on the Amplitude and Habituation of the Electrodermal Orienting Response (1978)

Connolly, John F. ; Frith, Christopher D.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Psychophysiology 15 (1978), S. 0

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ISSN: 1469-8986

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine , Psychology

Notes: Two experiments using 12 male subjects were conducted to study the effects of stimulus information on the amplitude and habituation of the electrodermal orienting response (OR). Visual stimuli which could be varied along information, contour, and symmetry dimensions were presented. In the first experiment, 2 series of 10 different stimuli each were presented; 1 series was characterized by high information and high contour, the other by low information and low contour. No difference in OR habituation between the 2 series was found. In the second experiment, the 2 series of stimuli were again presented with 3 test stimuli inserted at Trials 3, 6 and 9. Test stimuli differed from habituation stimuli by symmetry or information and/or contour. Changes in stimulus information or contour, but not symmetry, resulted in OR recovery. OR recovery did not result in dishabituation of the following stimuli. Results are interpreted as favoring an information processing model of OR habituation. Findings suggest that laws governing habituation processes under conditions of identical stimulus presentations may differ from those operating when stimuli are variable.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb03108.x

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Dopaminergic mechanisms and cognitive deficit in schizophrenia (1979)

Joseph, Michael H. ; Frith, Christopher D. ; Waddington, John L.

Springer

Psychopharmacology 63 (1979), S. 273-280

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Keywords: Dopamine ; Lateral inhibition ; Attention ; Schizophrenia ; Model for schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic symptoms

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract A hypothesis is briefly discussed proposing that schizophrenic symptoms are due to a breakdown in a mechanism by which conscious attention is limited and directed. It is shown that this mechanism can be modelled in terms of a simple nerve network in which every channel inhibits all the others. Failure of this inhibition would cause the defect hypothesised to occur in schizophrenia. It is shown that if dopamine is given a central role as transmitter in such a network then the various predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia that follow are not only consistent with the evidence for the ‘dopamine theory’ of schizophrenia, but also with much of the evidence held to be contrary to that theory. While not purporting to be an experimentally validated description of schizophrenia, this model goes beyond the single amine theories of schizophrenia and links dysfunctions in amine systems with specific behavioural control mechanisms. Given the current state of knowledge, such models can make only limited predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia. However, an attempt to link behavioural and biochemical systems in this way will be crucial for the development of viable animal models of schizophrenia.