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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of morphological, functional and metabolic properties of fast-twitch muscle as induced by long-term electrical stimulation (1977)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 72 (1977), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dauerstimulation schneller Muskeln mit dem Frequenzmuster langsamer Motoneurone induziert in schnellen Kaninchenmuskeln eine Transformation morphologischer, funktioneller, metabolischer und molekularer Merkmale. Diese Veränderungen entsprechen der Umwandlung eines “schnellen/weißen” in einen “langsamen/roten” Muskel. Intermittierende (8 Std/Tag) Stimulation bewirkt keine Umwandlung des Myosins, induziert aber eine solche des sarkoplasmatischen Retikulums. Kontinuierliche (24 Std/Tag) Stimulation bewirkt eine Transformation des Muskels, die auch eine Umwandlung des Myosins einschließt.
    Notes: Summary Transformation of structural, functional, metabolic and molecular characteristics is induced by stimulating fast-twitch muscles with the frequency pattern of a motoneuron normally innervating a slow-twitch muscle. These changes correspond to a transition of a “fast-white” into a “slow-red” muscle. Intermittent stimulation (8 h/d) does not affect the system but causes alterations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which lead to changes in time to peak and half relaxation time. Continuous stimulation (24 h/d) induces a transformation of the muscle also at the level of the myosin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01906369
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic microphotometric activity determination in enzyme containing gels and model studies with tissue sections (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 64 (1979), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dependence of microphotometrically recorded reaction rate on local enzyme concentration was studied as a basic prerequisite of comparative microphotometric enzyme activity determinations at initial rate conditions in tissue sections. Polyacrylamide gels containing defined concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase served as a model. Optimal conditions of preparing enzyme containing gels are reported. Measurements in which either thickness of gel sections or enzyme concentration was varied proved the linear relationship between local enzyme concentration and microphotometrically recorded reaction rate. Sections of enzyme containing gels as well as cross-sections of rat muscles were used as models for studying possible influences of heterogeneous chromophore distribution (distributional error). No such influences could be detected during the initial phase of the staining reaction which suggests that distributional error is of no significance for kinetic microphotometric enzyme activity determination at initial rate conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493351
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic heterogeneity of muscle fibers classified by myosin ATPase (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 63 (1979), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle fibers re commonly classified histochemically into three types by the staining intensity for myosin ATPase combined with those for metabolic enzymes. Preincubation at pH 4.6 gives rise to three staining intensities of myosin ATPase which are also used for fiber typing. The two classification systems were compared by computer analysis of the individual staining profiles of over 2,500 fibers, and found not to be equivalent. The analysis showed metabolic heterogeneity among the fiber groups distinguished according to their differences in myosin ATPase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunofluorescent localization of glycogenolytic and glycolytic enzyme proteins and of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in cross-striated skeletal muscle and heart of the rabbit (1975)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 43 (1975), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antisera against glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle were obtained from sheep. The gammaglobulins were used for indirect immunofluorescent localization of the respective enzymes in rabbit skeletal muscle and heart. In stretched skeletal muscle a cross-striation like distribution was observed for all enzymes studied. In the case of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase this pattern is due to the staining of I-band mitochondria. In cross-sections, an intense staining of the sarcolemma and of subsarcolemmal mitochondria was observed. Comparative analyses with polarized light revealed that the cytosolic enzymes under study are distributed in the relaxed muscle fibre predominantly within the isotropic zones. The same distribution holds also for heart. In contracting muscle a decrease in cross-striated fluorescence and a faint staining of the interfibrillar spaces suggests a location also within the interfibrillar space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492440
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosin light chain patterns of individual fast and slow-twitch fibres of rabbit muscles (1977)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 54 (1977), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single muscle fibres were isolated by microdissection from freeze-dried samples of rabbit psoas and soleus muscles. The individual fibres were typed according to qualitative histochemical reactions for succinate dehydrogenase or NADH-tetrazolium reductase and for alkaline Ca2+-activated myofibrillar myosin ATPase after acid or alkaline preincubation. Methods are described for electrophoretic analysis by means of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis in the presence of SDS of total myofibrillar proteins in single fibres after pre-extraction of soluble proteins. Fast-twitch white fibres revealed a myosin light chain pattern characteristic of “fast-type” myosin with three light chains of apparent molecular weights of 22,300 (LC1), 18,400 (LC2) and 16,000 (LC3). Fast-twitch red fibres were indistinguishable in this respect from fast-twitch white fibres and showed an identical pattern of myosin light chains. Slow-twitch fibres could be characterized by a myosin light chain pattern typical of myosin of slow-twitch muscles with peptides of the apparent molecular weights of 23,500 (LC1Sa), 23,000 (LC1Sb) and 18,500 (LS2S). Slow-twitch fibres isolated from soleus as well as from psoas muscle were indistinguishable with regard to their myosin light chain patterns, thus suggesting that fibres of the same histochemical type correspond in their myosin light chain patterns irrespective of their origin from different muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489668
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activities of malate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase with regard to metabolic subpopulations of fast- and slow-twitch fibres in rabbit muscles (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 60 (1979), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) were determined in single fibres dissected from freeze-dried rabbit psoas and soleus muscles. Slow-twitch fibres as determined by qualitative ATPase reaction represent a rather uniform population with regard to HAD and MDH activities. In these fibres the two enzymes are in constant proportions. FDPase is found at extremely low activities in slow-twitch fibres and because of its relatively high activity in fast-twitch fibres of soleus and psoas muscle it might be used as a marker enzyme. Fast-twitch fibres in psoas muscle represent a heterogeneous population with regard to activities of MDH as well as of HAD. The two enzyme activities are not proportional in fasttwitch psoas fibres. These findings suggest the existence of metabolic sub-populations of fast-twitch fibres having a wide range of aerobic oxidative capacities and having differences in their capacity to oxidizing fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495725
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity patterns of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in microdissected fast and slow fibres from rabbit psoas and soleus muscle (1977)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 52 (1977), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methods for standardized determination of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in nanogram samples of microdissected single fibres of rabbit psoas and soleus muscle are described. Fast and slow fibres in soleus muscle show lower absolute activities of these enzymes than the respective fibre types in psoas muscle. Slow fibres represent a more uniform population in the two muscles according to absolute and relative activities of the enzymes investigated. Slow fibres are characterized by high activities of MDH and relatively low activities of glycolytic enzymes. Fast fibres in the soleus muscle represent a population with high activities of MDH and glycolytic enzymes. Fast fibres in psoas muscle represent a heterogeneous population with high activities of glycolytic enzymes and extremely variable activity of MDH. More than 10-fold differences exist in the MDH activities of the extreme types of this fibre population. Differences in the activity levels of MDH in single fast type fibres but also in the activities of glycolytic enzymes between fast and slow fibres are greater than those reported between extreme white and red rabbit muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495857
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principle and method of kinetic microphotometric enzyme activity determination in situ (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 64 (1979), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An advanced apparative set-up is described for multipositional microphotometric recording of histochemical enzyme reactions in cryostat sections. It consists of a computer controlled microscope photometer with scanning stage. Measurements on the same tissue section may be performed at 12 preselected positions. These are repeatedly brought into the measuring beam in several measuring cycles. The complete measuring process, storage of measuring position coordinates, movements of the stage and statistical evaluation of the data is under computer control. By use of the gel film technique, extinction changes in tetrazolium coupled enzyme reactions can be measured continuously at initial rate conditions. Measurements are performed at identical conditions and can thus be analysed as relative enzyme activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493350
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microphotometric studies on intraacinar enzyme distribution in rat liver (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 64 (1979), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraacinar distribution of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and NADH-tetrazolium dehydrogenase (TR) was studied in rat liver cryostat sections by multipositional microphotometric activity determinations. By statistical evaluation, activity of individual enzymes could be related to the acinar topography. Activity was evaluated with regard to distance of measuring position either from afferent (portal) or efferent (hepatic) vessels. Two independent distribution curves were obtained for each enzyme. Acinar distribution of all the enzymes studied followed sigmoid courses with maximal activity of SDH, MDH and LDH in zone 1 (“periportal”) and GluDH, IDH, TR in zone 3 (“pericentral”). For all enzymes, maximum activity gradients were confined to zone 2 of the acinus. Data were also evaluated as ratios of activities in zone 1 and zone 3. The following ratios zone 1/zone 3 were obtained: SDH=1.9, MDH=1.7, IDH=0.5, GluDH=0.5, LDH=1.3 and TR=0.6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493352
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent effects on contractile properties, fibre population, myosin light chains and enzymes of energy metabolism in intermittently and continuously stimulated fast twitch muscles of the rabbit (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 364 (1976), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Nerve-muscle interaction ; Contractile speed ; Transformation of fibre types ; Myosin light chains ; Enzyme activity pattern of energy metabolism ; Mitochondrial differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fast-twitch tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus rabbit muscles were subjected to long-term intermittent (8 h daily) or continuous (24 h daily) indirect stimulation with a frequency pattern resembling that of a slow motoneuron. Increases in time to peak of isometric twitch contraction were observed without parallel changes in the pattern of myosin light chains or alterations in the distribution of slow and fast fibres as discernible by the histochemical ATPase reaction. However, changes in the fibre population and in the myosin light chain pattern were observed after intermittent stimulation periods exceeding 40 days or continuous stimulation periods longer than 20 days. Under these conditions even higher increases were found in contraction time. In one animal a complete change in fibre population was observed. In this case myosin light chains of the slow (LCS1, LCS2) and of the fast type (LCf1) were obviously synthetized simultaneously within the same fibre. Early changes in the enzyme activity pattern of energy metabolism indicated a conversion of the fibres including their mitochondrial population. These changes and the earlier reported changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are probably responsible for the early changes in contractile properties which occur before the transformation of the myosin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585177
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