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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of hexokinase in the enzyme activity pattern of muscle in human myotonia cogenita and in experimental myotonia of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 968-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myotonia congenita ; experimental myotonia ; 20,25-diazacholesterol ; enzyme activity pattern ; constant enzyme proportions ; hexokinase ; citrate synthase ; energysupplying metabolism ; Myotonia congenita ; experimentelle Myotonie ; 20,25-Diazocholesterin ; Enzymaktivitätsmuster ; konstante Enzymproportionen ; Hexokinase ; Citrat-Synthase ; energieliefernder Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Biopsiematerial aus Muskeln von Patienten mit Myotonia congenita (autosomal rezessiv vererbte Form) und in Skeletmuskeln von Ratten mit 20,25-Diazocholesterin induzierter Myotonie wurden Aktivitätsmuster ausgesuchter Schlüsselenzyme des energieliefernden Stoffwechsels bestimmt. In Muskeln gesunder menschlicher Probanden und unbehandelter Ratten besteht eine enge Korrelation zwischen den Aktivitätsgchalten der Hexokinase und der Citrat-Synthase. Diese Korrelation ist sowohl bei der menschlichen als auch bei der experimentellen Myotonie durchbrochen. Bei der Myotonia congenita des Menschen findet sich ein Anstieg der relativen Hexokinaseaktivität, während bei der experimentellen Myotonie der Ratte ein Abfall der relativen Hexokinaseaktivität beobachtet wird.
    Notes: Summary Enzyme activity patterns of selected key enzymes in energy-supplying metabolism were determined in muscle biopsy specimens of patients withmyotonia congenita (autosomal recessive inherited) and in skeletal muscle of rats with 20,25-diazacholesterol-induced myotonia. A close correlation exists in muscles of normal humans between the activity levels of hexokinase and citrate synthase. This correlation is disturbed both in human and experimental myotonia and consists in an increase of the relative hexokinase activity in the human and a decrease in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01489461
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between ultrastructural and functional changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum during chronic stimulation of fast muscle (1981)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 59 (1981), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chronic indirect stimulation of fast twitch rabbit muscle (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) with a frequency of 10 Hz induced a progressive transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Ultrastructural changes as studied by electron microscopy of freeze-fractured vesicles consisted in a decrease of intramembranous particles of the concave (A) face and an increase of particles in the convex (B) face. The asymmetry of the membrane proved to be lowered. Changes in the particle density of theA face were mainly confined to the 7–9 nm particles. Electrophoretic analyses revealed a decrease in the 115,000-M r Ca2+ transport ATPase. The reduced density of the 7–9 nm particles correlated well with decreased activities in Ca2+-dependent ATPase as well as with decreases in initial and maximum Ca2+ uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875712
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme Activity Pattern and Mitochondrio-cytoplasmic Relations in Protozoa. Comparative Study of Tetrahymena pyriformis, Allogromia laticollaris, and Labyrinthula coenocystis (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Enzyme activity patterns were determined in Tetrahymena pyriformis, Allogromia laticollaris, and Labyrinthula coenocystis. The activities of enzymes belonging to certain metabolic pathways (glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle) had constant proportions in each species, whereas their absolute levels differed. The activities of intramitochondrial enzymes were compared with the mitochondrial to total cytoplasmic volume ratio. Despite the very different fine structure of the mitochondria in the 3 protozoa, there was good correlation between the activities of citric acid cycle enzymes and the mitochondrial volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1972.tb03522.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The continuum of pure and hybrid myosin heavy chain-based fibre types in rat skeletal muscle (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The myosin heavy chain (MHC)-based fibre composition of adult rat adductor magnus (AM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was investigated using single fibre analysis. Microelectrophoresis performed on single fibre fragments demonstrated a predominance of pure fast MHC-based fibre types (expressing only one fast MHC). Most of the fibres analysed from both the AM (72%) and TA (50%) were pure type IIB (expressing only MHCIIb). Pure type IID fibres (expressing only MHCIId) were also abundant in AM (20%) and TA (18%). In addition, hybrid fibres coexpressing MHCIIb and MHCIId in varying proportions (fibre types IIBD and IIDB) were found, as well as fibres coexpressing MHCIId and MHCIIa with a predominance of MHCIId (type IIDA) and some C fibres (coexpressing MHCI and MHCIIa in varying proportions). Considered altogether, these data reflect the dynamic nature of adult skeletal muscle fibres and indicate a continuum of MHC-based fibre types in normal rat muscle with transitions in the order IIB ↔ IIBD ↔ IIDB ↔ IID ↔ IIDA ↔ IIAD ↔ IIA ↔ IIC ↔ IC ↔ I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572901
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal myotonic dystrophy protein kinase levels produce only mild myopathy in mice (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 13 (1996), S. 316-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is commonly associated with CTG repeat expansions within the gene for DM–protein kinase (DMPK). The effect of altered expression levels of DMPK, which is ubiquitously expressed in all muscle cell lineages during development, was examined by disrupting the endogenous ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0796-316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time course of glycogen depletion in single fibers of chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 338-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Muscle, skeletal ; Stimulation, chronic ; Glycogen depletion ; Fiber death ; Fiber types ; Microphotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A time course study was conducted to investigate the possibility of a relationship between fiber degeneration and glycogen depletion in chronically nerve-stimulated extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rabbit. Muscles were stimulated 12 h daily at 10 Hz using alternating one-hour periods of stimulation and rest. When measured for the first time after 3 h (1 h stimulation, 1 h rest, 1 h stimulation), microphotometry revealed complete glycogen depletion of all fiber types (fast glycolytic, FG; fast oxidative glycolytic, FOG; slow oxidative, SO). Different responses were noted beginning at day 4. At this time point, all FOG and SO fibers recovered their glycogen stores with some of the FOG population attaining levels higher than the FOG fibers in the unstimulated, contralateral muscle. Approximately 28% of the FG fibers recovered to normal glycogen values, whereas 58% remained depleted and 14% displayed “overshoting glycogen” levels. Fifteen percent of all fibers were glycogen-depleted after 12 days of stimulation. At this time, classic fiber types could no longer be distinguished. Fiber degeneration, which was recognized by the invasion of nonmuscle cells, began after 6 days and was restricted to the glycogen-depleted fibers. By this time, there was also a significant increase in DNA content. Exhaustions of glycogen, the main fuel of the FG fibers, is believed to cause a collapse of energy-supply and ATP-driven ionic pumps. The latter could be the initial step of fiber deterioration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581126
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosin polymorphism in single fibers of chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 444-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Fiber types ; C fibers ; Single fiber analysis ; Myosin light and heavy chains ; Chronic stimulation ; Contralateral effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were indirectly stimulated (10 Hz, 24 h/d) for 30 d and 60 d and single fibers were analysed using a combined histochemical and biochemical technique (Staron and Pette 1986, 1987a, b). After 30 d of chronic stimulation there was a pronounced increase in the normally rare (0.5%) C fiber population (i.e., fibers containing slow- and fast-myosins in varying ratios). At this time, C fibers amounted to almost 60% of the total population. In the 60 d stimulated muscles, the major population (98%) consisted of an atypical type It fiber. This fiber type which was not detectable in normal TA muscle, differed histochemically and biochemically from type I fibers. It contained the slow-myosin light chains LC1s and LC2s, the heavy chain HCI, and, in addition, high concentrations of the fast-myosin alkali light chain LC1f and possibly traces of a heavy chain with an electrophoretic mobility comparable with that of the fast-myosin heavy chain HCIIa. These It fibers were occasionally observed in the unstimulated, contralateral TA muscles which also contained an increased population of C fibers (1.3–6.3%). Although the transformation even after 60 d of chronic stimulation was incomplete, these changes demonstrate the ability of muscle fibers to adapt in a specific manner to altered functional demands brought about by an altered stimulus pattern. In addition, the pronounced heterogeneity of the fiber population undergoing transformation indicates a nonuniform response to a uniform stimulus pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585067
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between parvalbumin content and the speed of relaxation in chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 411 (1988), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Muscle, fast-twitch ; Chronic stimulation ; Half relaxation time ; Isometric twitch tension ; Parvalbumin ; Ca2+-uptake ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Staircase phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time courses of changes in parvalbumin (PA) content, isometric twitch tension, and half-relaxation time (1/2RT) were studied in rabbit tibialis anterior muscle following chronic 10 Hz nerve stimulation of 1–21 days. Up to 5 days stimulation had no effect on PA content, but it induced a slight (10–15%) increase in the 1/2RT. This change occurred together with the previously observed 50% decrease in Ca2+-uptake by the SR (Leberer et al. 1987). While prolonged stimulation produced no further decrease in the Ca2+-uptake by the SR, PA content declined after 5 days of stimulation. The reduction in PA content was accompanied by a progressive lengthening of the 1/2RT. However, the increase in 1/2RT was particularly pronounced after PA had fallen below 50% of its normal value. A 90% reduction in PA coincided with a 60% increase in the 1/2RT. By this time the staircase phenomenon, normally observed in fast-twitch muscle, was completely abolished. Although the changes in PA content and 1/2RT were not linearly related, these results suggest that PA plays an important role in the relaxation process of mammalian fast-twitch muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-specific effects of chronic nerve stimulation upon tibialis anterior muscle in mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation ; Enzyme activities ; Energy metabolism ; Fast-twitch skeletal muscle ; Species differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit was indirectly stimulated for 10 h/day at 10 Hz up to 28 days. Changes in the activity levels of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) were compared. Although the direction of changes in the enzyme activity pattern was in accordance with previous findings on rabbit TA, the magnitude of the responses varied markedly between themammals under study. Mouse TA was almost unaffected. A major effect of chronic stimulation in rat, guinea pig and rabbit was an increase in enzyme activities of aerobic-oxidative metabolism. According to intrinsic differences of the muscles under study, the increases varied among the species and appeared to be inversely related to the basal levels of these enzymes in the unstimulated muscles. Conversely, glycolytic enzyme activities (PFK, GAPDH, LDH) markedly decreased in rat, guinea pig, and rabbit, and were only slightly reduced in mouse. Changes in HK and HBDH activities displayed the largest variations in the induced change between species. These results indicate species-specific patterns of metabolic adaptation to increased contractile activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583735
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two telestimulation systems for chronic indirect muscle stimulation in caged rabbits and mice (1983)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 398 (1983), S. 130-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Telestimulation ; Chronic, indirect muscle stimulation ; Rabbit ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Telestimulation systems are described for chronic indirect muscle stimulation in caged rabbits and mice. Both system use a 5 MHz carrier frequency transmission and consist of a transmitter and a receiver. The latter is fixed to the back of the animal. The system for rabbits uses pulse width modulation for transmitting stimulation frequency and amplitude. Duration of the stimulation impulse is generated in the receiver. Clock batteries in the receiver generate impulse energy. The impulse amplitude varies by only 1%. In the system used for mice, impulse energy is transmitted together with the stimulation frequency. This is achieved by a receiver containing two separate coils which are opposed to each other in an angle of 80° C. In contrast to the rabbit system, the duration of the stimulation impulse is generated by the impulse width of the 5 MHz carrier. The amplitude of the stimulation impulse depends on the amplitude of the carrier. Due to the geometry of induction coil and receiver, impulse intensity varies at maximum by only 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581060
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