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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An injection/circulation-timing switch for angiography (1978)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 206 (1978), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde für die angiographische Dokumentation mit der Funduskamera eine Schaltvorrichtung entwickelt zur einfachen und präzisen Zählung der Injektions/Zirkulationszeit. Nach dem Start des Zählers verrichtet die SehaltVorrichtung, die auf die für die Injektion des Kontraststoffs bestimmte Spritze montiert wird, in der Folge die Dokumentation der gesamten ablaufenden Injektionszeit. Solche quantitativen Angaben können die Bewertung angiographischer Resultate vergrößern und zu ihrer allgemeinen Vergleichbarkeit beitragen, wenn sie durch qualitative Daten wie Injektionsstelle und Gesamtinjektionsmodus ergänzt werden.
    Notes: Summary An injection/circulation-timing switch was developed to simply and precisely initate the timing unit of the fundus camera for angiographic documentation. After starting the timer, the switch, mounted on the syringe used for injection of the tracer material, subsequently provides documentation of the total elapsed time of injection. Such quantitative data can enhance the evaluation of angiographic results and contribute to their universal comparability when combined with such qualitative data as injection location and total injectate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on laser coagulated rat eyes by fluorescence angiography and microscopy (1975)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 193 (1975), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Rattenfundi wurden Laser-Koagulationen mit einer Intensität von 50 und 100 mW, einem Spot von 50 Mikron und einer Belichtungszeit von 0,2 sec durchgeführt. Die erzielten Effekte wurden sowohl mit Fluorescenzenzangiographie als auch Fluorescenzphotomicroscopie mit Auflicht beobachtet und dargestellt. Es wurden keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen den mit 50 mW und 100 mW verursachten Effekten beobachtet. Mit beiden Energien wurden Netzhaut und Aderhaut geschädigt, insbesondere die äußeren Schichten der Netzhaut. Die 24 Stunden nach der Laser-Koagulation durchgeführte Eluorescenzangiographie vermittelte wichtige Informationen für die Auswertung der Lasereffekte.
    Notes: Summary Laser coagulation using 50 and 100 mW of power, a spot of 50 microns and an exposure time of 0,2 seconds were performed on rat eye fundi. We observed the effects which were produced in the retina and choroid utilizing both fluorescence photomicroscopy with incident excitation light and fluorescence angiography. No distinct differences were noticed between the effects produced by 50 and by 100 mW. Both energies damaged choroid and retina, especially the outer part of the retina. Moreover, fluorescein angiography within 24 hours gave us effective information for estimating the applied laser effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of injected fluorescein diffusion after laser treatment of cat fundi (1976)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 198 (1976), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An normalen Katzenfundi wurden Laserkoagulationen mit einer Energie von 100 und 300 mW und einer Belichtungszeit von 0,02 und 0,2 sec bei gleichbleibendem Spotdurchmesser von 100 Mikron durchgeführt, 1 Std und 2 Std und bis zu 7 Tagen nach der Laserbehandlung wurden diese Augen nach i.v. Fluoresceinapplikation angiographisch und vitalsowie fluoreszenzmikroskopisch untersucht. Abnormale Farbstoffaustritte stammten von der Chorioidea und von retinalen Gefäßen und wurden bis zu 72 Std nach Laserbehandlung beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary Argon laser coagulations with a power of 100 mW and 300 mW, exposure time 0.02 and 0.2 sec, and constant spot size of 100 microns were applied on normal cat fundi. From 1 and 2 hrs to 7 days after the coagulation, the treated eyes were observed angiographically and by fluorescence microscopy after dye injection; freeze dried eyes were examined under a fluorescence microscope. Abnormal dye leakages originated from the choroid and from retinal vessels were detected in the specimens examined within 72 hrs after the coagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection of the cerebellar dentate nucleus onto the frontal association cortex in monkeys (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebello-cerebral projection ; Dentate nucleus ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in monkeys elicited responses in the frontal association cortex (area 9) on the contralateral side to the stimulation, in addition to those in the motor (area 4) and premotor (area 6) cortices which were reported previously. The responses in the frontal association cortex were characterized by surface positive-deep negative field potentials in the cortex. They contrasted with surface negative-deep positive potentials in the motor and premotor cortices on the same dentate nucleus stimulation. In the rostral part of the premotor cortex (area 6) on the border of area 9, both types of responses were induced and admixed. The relay nucleus of the thalamus was suggested for the dentate-induced responses in the frontal association cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474266
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation upon thalamo-cortical neurones responsible for cortical recruiting responses (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 261-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reticular formation ; Thalamo-cortical recruiting system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In lightly nembutalized cats, effects of high frequency (60–100/sec) repetitive stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (RF) were tested upon the thalamo-cortical (T-C) neurones which project from the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of the thalamus and its vicinities to the parietal association cortex and convey impulses responsible for cortical recruiting and spindling-like responses. 2. Tonic maintained or rhythmic grouped firings of the T-C neurones recorded as extracellular units with microelectrode in the thalamus were in the majority suppressed by high frequency RF stimulation during and often for a short time after the stimulation, and they showed later tonic discharges for many seconds or minutes. Intracellular recording from the T-C neurones revealed hyperpolarizing potential changes corresponding to the suppression on high frequency RF stimulation. Field potential analysis in the VA nucleus indicated that the hyperpolarization is ascribed at least in part to IPSPs elicited in the T-C neurones. Responses in some other types of thalamic neurones to the RF stimulation were exemplified to be compared and related with those of the T-C neurones. 3. Desynchronization of the parietal electrocorticogram coincided with the suppression of the T-C neurones and lasted for the time of the later tonic discharges, which contrasted with the rhythmic grouped discharges of the T-C neurones in association with recruiting and spindling-like responses of the cortex. Relations between the thalamo-cortical recruiting system and the ascending reticular activating system were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234931
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ring Y chromosome: 45,X/46,X,r(Y) chromosome mosaicism in a phenotypically normal male with azoospermia (1976)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 34 (1976), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes in a phenotypically normal male with azoospermia showed a mosaicism 45,X/46,X,r(Y). Seven other cases from the literature are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies of the projections from the parietal association area to the cerebellar cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Association cortex ; Cerebellar cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses evoked in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the parietal association cortex (rostral portions of the middle suprasylvian gyrus) were recorded and analysed in cats, and were compared with those by stimulation of the motor cortex (anterior sigmoid gyrus). 2. The parietal stimulation elicited early mossy fibre and late climbing fibre responses in the cerebellar cortex. The mossy fibre responses appeared at a latency of 2.0–2.5 msec and predominantly in the lateral (hemispherical) part of the contralateral cerebellum (mainly crus I, crus II and paramedian lobules). Cutting of the inferior cerebellar peduncle produced little or no influence upon the mossy fibre responses, which suggests that the mossy fibre responses are mediated chiefly by the pontine nuclei. 3. The climbing fibre responses were recorded at a latency of 17–19 msec and markedly in the contralateral intermediate and medial parts of IV–VI lobules. The responses were easily suppressed by anaesthesia and depended on the conditions of experimental animals. The unstable appearance of the responses and their longer latencies than those of the climbing fibre responses due to stimulation of the motor cortex imply indirect pathways from the parietal association cortex to the inferior olive. 4. The predominant projection of the parietal-induced mossy fibre responses to the lateral part of the cerebellum was compared with the mossy fibre projection from the motor cortex and was discussed as an important component in the cerebrocerebellar loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238732
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellocerebral projections in monkeys (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1976), S. 495-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellocerebral projection ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei were recorded by microelectrodes introduced at various depths in the cerebral cortex of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) under light Nembutal anaesthesia. 2. Stimulation of the medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus produced, at a latency of 4–5 msec, deep thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses (surface positivedeep negative potentials) mainly in the medial part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for hindlimb”) and in the superior parietal gyrus (area 5) on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides to the nucleus stimulated. 3. Stimulation of the lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus elicited, at a latency of about 3 msec, superficial T-C responses (surface negative-deep positive potentials) predominantly in the lateral part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for forelimb and face”) and in the rostromedial part of the gyrus (area 6, premotor area) on the contralateral side. 4. Stimulation of the interpositus cerebellar nucleus set up superficial T-C responses chiefly in the motor area between those influenced by the medial and the lateral cerebellar nucleus stimulation and also in the premotor area on the contralateral side. 5. The respective areas responsive to the medial, interpositus and lateral nucleus stimulation overlapped considerably each other in the motor cortex. 6. Comparison of the responses in the cortex induced by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei indicated different relay portions in and around the VA-VL region of the thalamus for the superficial and the deep T-C responses respectively. 7. Functional implications of the results were discussed in referring to the cerebellocerebral projections in cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234966
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mossy fibre and climbing fibre responses produced in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the cerebral cortex in monkeys (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebro-cerebellar projection ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses in the cerebellar cortex induced by stimulation of several areas of the cerebral cortex were recorded and identified electro-physiologically to be due to mossy fibre and climbing fibre volleys, and their distributions were explored in the anterior and the posterior lobes of the cerebellum in monkeys. Early mossy and late climbing fibre responses at latencies of 4–5 and 15–18 msec respectively were recorded in certain areas of the cerebellar cortex. They were usually predominant on the contralateral side to the stimulation. 2. Stimulation of the lateral part of the motor cortex (forelimb and face area) evoked mossy and climbing fibre responses mainly in the ansoparamedian lobules and in the caudal part of the anterior lobe (including lobulus simplex) of the cerebellar cortex, stimulation of the medial part of the motor cortex (hindlimb area) provoked the responses predominantly in the rostral part of the anterior lobe, and that of the intermediate part (areas for trunk and proximal parts of the extremities) induced the responses preponderantly in the middle part of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. 3. Stimulation of the parietal association cortex (area 5) elicited mossy and climbing fibre responses chiefly in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. The premotor cortex innervates wide areas of the anterior and posterior lobes on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides. The frontal association cortex showed the projections on even wider areas of the cerebellar cortex, although the responses were relatively small in size. 4. The results were compared with those obtained in cats and considered in referring to the cerebro-cerebellar loops in monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236180
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamo-cortical projections for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses in the parietal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cortex ; Recruiting response ; Spindling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The thalamic neurones sending their axons to the parietal association cortex (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and receiving monosynaptic excitation from the cerebellar (interpositus or lateral) nucleus were recorded with microelectrodes extracellularly and intracellularly around the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of the thalamus in cats. Such thalamic neurones are known to carry exclusively the impulses responsible for superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses in the parietal cortex, being called superficial T-C neurones (see Sasaki et al., 1972a, b). 2. Repetitive (6–9/sec) stimulation of the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex (CM) or the intralaminar nuclei (IL) of the thalamus elicited grouped spike discharges of the neurone in synchronization with the recruiting responses in the parietal cortex. The grouped discharges usually preceded the respective cortical responses by several milliseconds. Numbers of the spikes in the grouped discharges increased and decreased as the recruiting responses waxed and waned on the repetitive stimulation. 3. The superficial T-C neurones also showed similar grouped discharges in synchronization with spindling-like, surface-negative cortical responses which occurred spontaneously or were evoked by single thalamic stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the superficial T-C neurones can convey impulses for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses from the thalamus directly to the cerebral cortex. They are supposed to constitute the final T-C pathway of the neuronal circuits of the recruiting system, i.e., non-specific T-C projection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235413
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