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  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 134 (1971), S. 447-465 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structural morphology of the male squirrel monkey adrenal cortex has been examined. When compared to other laboratory animals, the squirrel monkey adrenal cortex secretes large amounts of cortisol and maintains extraordinarily high plasma cortisol levels for prolonged periods of time. The normal cortical cells have numerous mitochondria with either a tubulo-vesicular or lamellar internal membrane arrangement, a well-developed agranular endoplasmic reticulum which is arranged in juxtaposition to mitochondria and lipid droplets, several lysosomes, and numerous thin-walled blood vessels of large caliber, suggestive of a rich blood flow through the gland. These characteristics have heretofore been associated with hypersecretion. Their presence in the squirrel monkey cortex, known to have high secretory activity, lends credence to the correlation of hyperdevelopment of the agranular reticulum with increased rates of secretion of corticoids.During chair restraint, the plasma cortisol levels rise two to three fold. Adrenocortical cells thus stressed exhibit a depletion and disorientation of membranes both of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and a loss of ribosomes, lysosomes and, to some degree, intracellular lipid. The animal appears to be responding maximally to the stress of chair restraint. These fine structural characteristics are interpreted as an example of an adrenal cortex in the process of becoming functionally exhausted, since these animals sometimes do not survive the stress of chair restraint.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fine structural localization of enzymes hydrolyzing nucleoside phosphates in the rat adrenal cortex has been determined, and the selective inhibition of those enzymes exhibiting intracellular localization has been effected. Glutaraldehyde-fixed adrenocortical tissue was incubated in a medium which contained a nucleoside mono-, di- or triphosphate of adenosine, inosine, guanosine, or cytidine as substrate. Intracellular enzymatic activity was exhibited when one of three nucleoside phosphate substrates was employed. When IDP was used, final product of enzymatic activity was found on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi cisternae and intramitochondrial microvesicles. Final product was localized on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and certain mitochondria when ITP was used. With GTP as substrate, activity was primarily localized on mitochondrial microvesicles and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, with no Golgi involvement noted.The phosphatases for which intracellular localization was determined exhibited four different sites of activity: (a) agranular endoplasmic reticulum, (b) microvesicles within mitochondria, (c) nuclear membrane, and (d) subendothelial and/or intercellular spaces with occasional involvement of the plasma membrane. When nicotinamide was added to the incubation media, intracellular phosphatase activity was inhibited. Extracellular enzymatic activity was unaffected by nicotinamide. The possible mode of action of nicotinamide in enhancing steroidogenesis and inhibiting intracellular phosphatase activity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structural changes accompanying the regeneration of adrenocortical transplants in the rat were studied with the electron microscope. One-half gland autotransplants were made to the dorsal musculature of male Wistar rats, weighing approximately 120 gm. Transplants were recovered after 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 60 days of regeneration. During the first week of regeneration there was an increase in the granular endoplasmicreticulum at the expense of the agranular form. The internal structure of the numerous mitochondria was transformed from the normal tubular and vesicular forms of the zonae glomerulosa and fasciculata, respectively, to a lamellar type. The quantities of free ribonucleoprotein particles also were reduced. During this period the viable cortical cells are considered to be more deeply involved in protein synthesis and growth rather than hormone biosynthesis. Following 14 days of regeneration and thereafter, the characteristics of the mal intact adrenal cortex became established. Highly osmiophilic “dark cells,” present in the inner zones of the normal intact adrenal cortex, firstappeared after 14 days of regeneration, and were widely scattered throughout the cortexafter three weeks. After two months of regeneration, the “dark cells” were again concentrated in the inner cortical zones. During this latter period, hormone biosynthesis appears to be the major cell function. Possible structural-functional relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensions of capilaries in various tissues, in vivo, in frogs, mice, and pups. Capillaries were measured in the web, strap muscles of the neck, mesentery and bladder of frogs, and in the mesentery of mice and pups. The light source was a fused quartz rod transilumination apparatus. In all cases the exposed tissues were kept moist by a continuous flow of Ringer's solution over their surfaces.The mean values found for the tissues of the frog are web 11.94 μ, skeletal muscle 11.30 μ, mesentery 11.97 μ, and bladder 11.40 μ. The mesenteric capillaries of the mice and pups had a mean value of 4.64 μand 7.36 μ respectively.Difficulties encountered during the course of observation included vibrations of the optical equipment, movement of the tissue under the microscope, fogging of the objective lens, and the determining of which of the microscopic vessels were “capillaries.”A statistical analysis of the data indicates that the variance in the measurements recorded on the capillaries of a single animal is greater than the variance from animal to animal.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 62 (1963), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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