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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin in obesity: Increased response to stimulation and defective feedback control of serum levels (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: GIP release ; insulin release ; obesity ; pathological glucose tolerance ; feedback control of GIP secretion ; test meal ; triglyceride ingestion ; oral glucose load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the possibility that an abnormality of the entero-insular axis is responsible for the hyperinsulinaemia of obesity, serum immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) and insulin (IRI) were measured after the ingestion of a liquid mixed test meal, glucose or fat, in normal weight and obese subjects. The latter were divided into a group with normal oral glucose tolerance (nOGT) and a group with pathological glucose tolerance (pOGT). Fasting levels of IR-GIP were significantly elevated in the obese group with pOGT. After the mixed meal the overweight subjects showed a significantly greater response of IR-GIP than the controls, with highest levels in the pOGT group. Simultaneously, the IRI response was significantly greater in the obese subjects than in the controls. The increases of IR-GIP and IRI after an oral load of 100 g glucose were normal in the obese subjects, but showed a significantly greater integrated response in the obese patients with pOGT. The ingestion of 100 g fat induced no IRI release but a significantly greater release of IR-GIP in the obese subjects, irrespective of their glucose tolerance. It is concluded that fat is a stronger releaser of IR-GIP than glucose. The effect of a combined load of glucose (30 g) and fat (100 g) was also compared in obese and normal weight subjects with the effect of either alone. Fat but not glucose released significantly more IR-GIP in obese subjects. In normal weight controls, but not in obese subjects, the IR-GIP release after fat plus glucose became significantly smaller than after fat alone. Since only the combined ingestion of glucose and fat and not fat alone releases insulin it is suggested that endogenous insulin inhibits GIP release and that this feedback control between insulin and GIP is defective in patients with obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of the intestinal polypeptides, IRP, GIP, VIP and motilin on insulin release in the rat (1974)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 10 (1974), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intestinal hormones ; insulin release ; intestinal insulin releasing polypeptide (IRP) ; gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) ; motilin ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intestinal insulin releasing polypeptide (IRP) and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) have a similar effect on intravenous glucose tolerance in the rat. Both augment the insulin response to intravenous glucose and increase the rate of glucose disappearance. VIP and motilin have no discernible effect. Plasma insulin dose-response curves to IRP and GIP are similar; both peptides stimulate insulin release in the presence of small blood glucose increments. A direct comparison of the insulin releasing potency of IRP and GIP is not possible as the former is not yet available in pure form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221638
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: Effect on glucose-induced insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 483-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide ; insulin release ; isolated rat islets ; enteroinsular axis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIF; 1 or 10 μg/ml) potentiated glucose-induced (8 or 16.6 mM) insulin (IRI) release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. Basal release was unaffected. The threshold concentration of glucose necessary for GIF to modulate IRI release was between 6 and 8 mM. GIP had no effect on IRI release from islets submitted to a maximal glucose stimulus (25 mM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429919
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly-1,6-Diselenahexamethylene, 1,2-diselenane, and their effects on vinyl polymerizations (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 903-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-1,6-diselenahexamethylene has been prepared, and some of its properties and those of its depolymerization product, 1,2-diselenane, have been studied. Depolymerization probably occurs by a free-radical mechanism. The effects of these organoselenium compounds on the thermal polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and acrylonitrile at 60°C. in the presence and absence of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and on the direct photopolymerization of these vinyl monomers at 25°C. has been examined. Various reaction mechanisms are suggested to explain the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.150050416
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase copolymerization of sulfur dioxide and butene-1 (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 1997-2004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mixtures of sulphur dioxide and butene-1 have been polymerized in the gas phase to the 1:1 alternating copolymer by electron irradiation. The rate of polymerization, measured by the decrease in gas pressure, decreased with increase in temperature over the range -20 to +30°C. The initial G(-monomer) values decreased from 500 to 50 giving an Arrhenius activation energy of -30 kJ mol-1. These results are consistent with a ceiling temperature-pressure relationship. The ceiling temperature is about 60°C lower than that observed previously in the liquid phase in accord with thermo-dynamic prediction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.150100710
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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