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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 238 (1970), S. 398-416 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Histogenese und Funktion der einzelnen Zellelemente — hier besonders der epitheloiden Zellen — in Glomusorganen (Hoyer-Grossersche Organe, arterio-venöse epitheloidzellige Knäuelanastomosen) und Glomustumoren wird an Hand von lichtmikroskopischen und ultrastrukturellen Befunden eines Glomustumors untersucht und interpretiert: Die epitheloiden Zellen sind Abkömmlinge der glatten Muskelzellen. Sie verlieren im Verlauf ihres Gestaltwandels und wahrscheinlichen Funktionswandels zentrifugal die Myofilamente und bilden einen organellenreichen, hellen, perinucleären Hof aus, der auch lichtmikroskopisch auffällt, aber keine Folge eines sogenannten Quellmechanismus ist. Die Epitheloidzellen grenzen nie direkt an das Gefäßlumen. Es findet sich hier dagegen ein oft schmaler Saum von auffallend aktivem Endothel. Daneben finden sich reich gegliederte mesenchymale Zellen (Histiocyten) und sehr viele Mastzellen. Ein Funktionszusammenhang zwischen den letzteren drei Zellgruppen ist möglich. Es wird vorgeschlagen die histogenetische Abkunft der hellen epitheloiden Zellen in ihrer nomenklatorischen Definition als Myoepitheloidzellen zum Ausdruck zu bringen.
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis and function of single cell elements—in this case particularly of epitheloid cells—in glomus organs (Hoyer-Grosser shunts, arteriovenous epitheloid cell glomerula) and glomus tumors were studied by light microscopy and ultrastructural methods in a case of glomus tumor: The epitheloid cells are derived from smooth muscle cells. During their change of structure, and presumably also their function, they lose their myofilaments centrifugally and gain a clear perinuclear halo rich in organelles. It can be easily detected already by light microscopy and was previously believed to be due to a swelling mechanism. This is not the case. The epitheloid cells never directly border the lumen of vessels. However, an often thin layer of remarkably active endothelium can always be found there. Perivasculary located are multiform and delicate mesenchymal cells (histiocytes) and a great number of mast cells. A functional relationship among these three cell types appears to be likely. We therefore propose to express the histogenetic origin of the clear epitheloid cells in nomenclature by the term “myoepitheloid cells”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 273 (1972), S. 193-203 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Perfused Liver ; Hexobarbital Metabolism ; Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ; NAD Glycohydrolase ; Cytochrome b5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Livers from fed and starved rats were perfused with either rat blood, washed bovine erythrocytes suspended in Eagle minimal essential medium, or the same medium without erythrocytes. The activity of microsomal mixed function oxidase under different perfusion conditions was estimated in the intact liver by following the disappearance of hexobarbital from the perfusion medium. Half-lives of 9 and 29 min were determined in perfusion systems with and without erythrocytes, respectively. They were 70% greater in livers from rats starved for 20 h. Identical half-lives were determined in perfusions with rat blood or washed erythrocytes suspended in the synthetic medium. Testosterone inhibited hexobarbital metabolism when added at an equimolar concentration of 0.5 mM. However, no significant inhibition could be detected with 1 mM hydrocortisone. Furthermore, the porphyria—inducing agent allylisopropyl-acetamide markedly inhibited hexobarbital metabolism prior to decreasing the level of cytochrome P 450. Microsomal cytochrome b5, cytochrome P 450 and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were stable during 4 h of perfusion in media containing erythrocytes but their levels were lower by 20, 40 and 45%, respectively, after perfusion with the erythrocyte-free medium. However, in the latter medium the specific activity of NAD glycohydrolase in microsomes was 35% greater. The stability of these proteins was compared with their turnover in vivo and with the morphology of the perfused livers at the light and electron microscopic levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 491-512 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Tilapia mossambica ; Arterio-venous anastomoses ; Specialized endothelia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterio-venous anastomoses (AVA) in gill filaments of Tilapia mossambica exhibit a distinct polarity. Two different types of highly specialized endothelial cells, both of epitheloid shape, line these vessels: Type I cells, contacting the arterial lumen, are elongated and about two to three times as large as type II endothelial cells. Their surface is increased by tentacular protrusions which reach far into the arterial lumen. Filament whorls forming tubelike structures with centrally located glycogen granules are abundant in these cells. Type II endothelial cells are located proximal to the central venous sinus (CVS). Their less abundant and more electron dense cytoplasm is free of filament whorls. There are also intermediate cell forms at approximately the middle of each anastomosis. Short cell processes protrude from all endothelial cell types into the AVA lumen. Outside the indistinct vascular basement lamina, a layer of cover cells tightly envelopes the AVA. These cells are, however, absent around the part of the AVA adjacent to the CVS. Here the endothelial cells are in immediate contact with the interstitium. Endothelial cells sheathed by cover cells reach the interstitium through basal foot processes. Nerve fibre bundles regularly come into close contact with the AVAs. Possible functions of the AVAs, including osmoreception are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 249-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat, optic nerve ; Stereology ; Nerve fibres (number, volume) ; Interstitial tissue (volume) ; Glial cells (number) ; Capillary network (density)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 10 normalen Sehnerven (Länge: 10 mm; Durchmesser: 0,5 mm) erwachsener Albino-Ratten wurden morphometrische licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen mit der Treffermethode an 3 Stellen durchgeführt: 1 mm vor dem Bulbus oculi (Meßort A); Mitte zwischen Bulbus und Chiasma (Meßort B); 1 mm vor dem Chiasma opticum (Meßort C). Die statistisch signifikanten Ergebnisse der Untersuchung sind: 1. die Gesamtzahl der markhaltigen Fasern im Sehnerven der erwachsenen Ratte beträgt in elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen 107152±6780. 2. Der relative Volumenanteil der Markfasern (Axone und Markscheiden) nimmt von A über B nach C um 13,3 Vol.- % zu, der relative Volumenanteil des Interstitiums (Glia, Gefäßmesenchym und extracellulärer Raum) um den gleichen Betrag ab. 3. Mit der Volumenabnahme des Interstitiums korreliert eine Abnahme der Gliakernzahl pro mm3 von A über B nach C um 46,2% und eine Abnahme der Dichte des Capillarnetzes gemessen an der Zahl der Endothel- und Pericytenkerne. 4. Die Größe der Querschnittsflächen durch den Sehnerven ist am Meßort B (Mittelabschnitt) kleiner als bei A und C. 5. Die Berechnung der absoluten Volumina aus den relativen Volumenwerten und der Querschnittsflächengröße ergibt, daß das Volumen des Interstitiums zwischen A und B um 34,8% abnimmt, während das Markfaservolumen hier fast unverändert bleibt. Dagegen nimmt zwischen B und C das Markfaservolumen um 11,8% zu, während das Volumen des Interstitiums weiter, aber nur geringfügig abnimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Umfang. zunahme des Sehnerven vom Mittelabschnitt (Durchtritt durch den Canalis opticus) gegen beide Endabschnitte durch Volumenvermehrung jeweils verschiedener Gewebskomponenten bedingt ist.
    Notes: Summary The normal optic nerves of ten adult albino rats were studied using stereological methods of cell counting in light microscopic preparations and point-hit counting on electron micrographs. The observations were confined to three locations of the nerve: one mm from the eyeball (point A), one mm from the optic chiasm (point C) and midway between these sites corresponding to the canalis opticus (point B). The statistically significant results are: 1. the total number of myelinated nerve fibres in the optic nerve is 107152±6780. 2. The volume of myelinated nerve fibres (axons plus myelin sheaths) increases by 13.3% from point A to C, whereas the volume of interstitium (glial cells, capillaries and extracellular space) decreases concomitantly. 3. The decrease in interstitial tissue corresponds to a 46.2% decrease in glial cells between A and C and of capillaries indicated by the numbers of endothelial cells and pericytes. 4. The surface area of cross sections of the optic nerve at point B is smaller than at point A and point C. 5. The absolute volume of the two structural components in the optic nerve, calculated from percentage volume and cross section surfaces, showed that the volume of interstitial tissue decreases from the eyeball to the intermediate portion by 34.8% whereas the volume of myelinated fibres remains nearly constant. From the intermediate portion to the optic chiasm the volume of myelinated fibres increases by 11.8% whereas the interstitial volume further decreases slightly. Thus the increasing diameter of the optic nerve from the middle part to both ends is caused by increases in volume of different tissue constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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