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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular thalamus ; Nucleus ventroposterior inferior (VPI) ; Vestibulo-cortical projection ; Rhesus monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the thalamic relay of the vestibulo-cortical pathway, field potentials were recorded in the rhesus thalamus under pentobarbital anesthesia. Short latency responses (2.5 msec on the average) upon stimulation in isolation of the vestibular nerve were recorded in the inferior ventroposterior nucleus (VPI). These potentials were abolished after transection of the vestibular nerve but were not affected by total cerebellectomy. Projection of VPI neurons to the primary vestibular cortex was demonstrated by antidromic stimulation. Field potentials with latencies of those observed in the vestibular cortex (about 5 msec) in response to vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded in other areas of the thalamus (ventrobasal, ventrolateral, posterior group, including magnocellular medial geniculate nuclei). Thus, the VPI rather than the other nuclei with long latency responses is likely to be the thalamic relay in the vestibulo-cortical path. The close topographical relationship between vestibular and somatic areas in the cortex is parallelled in the thalamus, the VPI being closely related to VPL and VPM nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 18 (1973), S. 279-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular projection ; Cavia Porcellus ; Cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve in the guineapig yielded surface positive evoked potentials within the rostral portion of the SI forelimb field. The locus of negative field potential reversal in deeper cortical layers was small. The vestibular field is distinct from those of the auditory and facial nerves. Comparative aspects of vestibular cortical location are discussed. The auditory field corresponds with that of other rodents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibulocortical projection ; Saimiri sciureus ; Area 3a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A projection of the vestibular nerve to the anterior bank of the central sulcus was identified. The zone is small and located within the arm field. Surface positive potentials and negative field potentials in deeper cortical layers were evoked within this field by isolated stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Field potentials after isolated stimulation of the facial and auditory nerves were recorded from distinct cortical locations clearly separate from the vestibular field. The tracks of electrodes which recorded the vestibular negative field potentials were histologically located within area 3a. This cytoarchitectonic area extends from the fundus of the central sulcus onto the cortical surface anterior to this sulcus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 516-526 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Group I muscle receptors ; Cortical area 2, area 3a ; Vestibular field ; Macaca mulatta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Group I muscle nerve stimulation evoked field potentials in the posterior part of the postcentral gyrus and the vestibular cortex as well as in area 3a. Latencies in all cortical locations were similar. 2. A short stretch stimulus of the dissected muscles evoked field potentials in the same cortical fields. 3. Neurons which were activated during the negative group I field potential were also activated for a short period after injection of succinyl choline. 4. Possible perceptive functions of muscle stretch receptors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 219 (1974), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockade ; Schizophrenia ; Schizoaffective Psychosis ; Adrenerge Beta-Receptoren-Blockade ; Schizophrenie ; Schizoaffektive Psychose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fünf akut schizophrene Patienten wurden mit hohen Dosen eines adrenergen Beta-Rezeptoren-Blockers (Propranolol oder Oxprenolol) behandelt. Drei dieser Patienten, zwei katatone Schizophrene und ein Hebephrener, besserten sich nicht. Bei zwei an einer schizo-affektiven Psychose maniformen Typs erkrankten Patienten fand sich eine geringe Besserung maniformer Symptome, während paranoide Symptome eher verstärkt zum Vorschein kamen. An Nebenwirkungen wurden außer den durch die periphere Beta-Receptoren-Blockade bedingten Symptomen eine toxische Psychose, Blutdruckanstieg, Schlafstörung und vermehrter Durst beobachtet. In Verbindung mit den Befunden anderer Autoren wird eine möglicherweise vorhandene spezifisch anti-manische Wirkung der adrenergen Beta-Receptoren-Blocker diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Five patients with acute schizophrenia were treated with high doses of an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agent; either oxprenolol or propranolol was used. There was no improvement in two catatonic schizophrenics and one hebephrenic patient. In two patients with “schizo-affective psychosis” there was slight improvement of maniform symptoms, whereas paranoid symptoms tended to increase. Besides the symptoms of peripheral beta-receptor blockade we observed the following side effects: increased blood pressure, disturbed sleep, toxic psychosis and increased thirst. The question of whether beta-adrenergic blocking agents have a specific antimanic effect is discussed with reference to the results of other authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 218 (1973), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Antihypertensive Drugs ; Depressive Reactions ; Rating Scales ; Antihypertensiva ; Depressive Reaktionen ; Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsskalen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter antihypertensiver Behandlung auftretende Depressionen, über welche vorwiegend kasuistische Berichte mitgeteilt wurden, werden in der Literatur unterschiedlich bewertet. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Untersuchung derartiger Reaktionen unter definierten Bedingungen: 80 mit Reserpinbehandelte und 40 mit Clonidin behandelte Patienten wurden mit 40 placebo-behandelten Hypertonikern und 20 nichthypertonischen Patienten verglichen. Die Veränderungen in der Stimmungslage während einer 4 wöchigen Behandlung wurden mit verschiedenen Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsskalen untersucht. Die statistisch gesicherten Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Reserpin eindeutig zu depressiven Reaktionen führt, die von Dauer der Hypertonie, der Dosierung, dem Alter und der zerebralen Gefäßsklerose der Patienten unabhängig sind. Im Gegensatz dazu kam es unter Clonidin und Placebo zu keinen depressiven Reaktionen.
    Notes: Summary Reports of depressive reactions during treatment with antihypertensive drugs are controversial and are mainly based on single case studies. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate depressive reactions during treatment with reserpine and clonidine under controlled conditions. 80 patients treated with reserpine and 40 treated with clonidine were compared with 40 placebo controls and 20 non-hypertensive patients. Changes in mood during a 4-week treatment period were investigated by different rating scales. The results were subjected to statistically evaluation and showed that a reserpine-induced depressive reaction does exist, which is independent of duration of hypertonia, dosage, age, and cerebral sclerosis in the patients. In contrast, clonidine and placebo cause no depressive reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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