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  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1830-1839
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • lipolysis  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypoglycaemia ; extrapancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia ; paraneoplastic syndrome ; glucose turnover ; glucose assimilation ; free fatty acids ; lipolysis ; antilipolysis ; hepatic glucose release ; plasma insulin ; insulin-like activity ; urinary catecholamines ; plasma growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le métabolisme glucidique et lipidique a été étudié chez un patient avec un fibrosarcome rétropéritonéal récidivant accompagné de graves attaqués d'hypoglycémie. Les notions obtenues en 1963 chez un malade montrant la même Symptomatologie [15] ont été confirmées et approfondies. — Dans les deux cas la production de glucose par le foie était presque complètement bloquée. En outre ces sujets étaient incapables d'augmenter le taux des acides gras libres plasmatiques pendant la chute prononcée de la glycémie. — II existait une corrélation étroite entre le taux constamment bas des acides gras libres du plasma et une assimilation et oxydation accélérée du glucose sanguin. — La libération de glucose par le foie pouvait être stimulée par une dose pharmacologique de glucagon. — Les taux d'insuline immunologique du sérum ainsi que l'activité insulinique supprimable et non-supprimable étaient toujours normaux. — Aucune substance “insulinoïde” n'a pu être démontrée par des testsin vivo etin vitro. — D'autre part, le sérum de la malade produisait une inhibition plus accentuée de la lipolysein vitro que le sérum d'un sujet normal. — Après dialyse, le sérum avait perdu son activité antilipolytique qui était retrouvée en partie dans le dialysat. — Le facteur principal de la pathogenèse de l'hypoglycémie tumorale semble être l'inhibition de la production de glucose par le foie, puisqu'un blocage pharmacologique de la lipolyse ne suffit pas pour déclencher une hypoglycémie. — L'inhibition de la lipolyse accélère d'autre part l'assimilation et l'oxydation du glucose sanguin et aggrave par cela considérablement l'hypoglycémie.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Patientin mit rezidivierendem, retroperitonealem Fibrosarkom und Tumorhypoglykämie wurde der Kohlenhydrat- und Fettstoffwechsel untersucht. Es konnten dabei die Resultate einer früheren Untersuchung an einer Patientin mit derselben Symptomatologie [15] bestätigt und erweitert werden. — In beiden Fällen war die Glucoseausschüttung aus der Leber weitgehend blockiert und die Patienten waren unfähig, auf einen Blutzuckerabfall mit einer vermehrten Abgabe von Fettsäuren aus dem Fettgewebe ins Plasma zu reagieren. Eine Korrelation zwischen niedrigen Plasmawerten von freien Fettsäuren und einer beschleunigten Glucose-Assimilation und -Oxydation war nachweisbar. — Auf die intravenöse Gabe einer pharmakologischen Dosis von Glucagon reagierte die Leber durch prompte Ausschüttung von Glucose. — Die Werte des immunoreaktiven Insulins, sowie der hemmbaren und nicht hemmbaren ILA im Serum waren immer normal. — Hingegen wurde durch Serum der Patientin die Lipolyse des Fettgewebesin vitro stärker gehemmt als durch Kontrollseren. Nach Dialyse war zwischen Patienten- und Normalserum kein Unterschied in der antilipolytischen Aktivität mehr feststellbar. Ein Teil der antilipolytischen Aktivität konnte im Dialysat des Patientenserums wieder gefunden werden. — Die Hemmung der Glucoseabgabe aus der Leber scheint für die Pathogenese der Hypoglykämie ausschlaggebend zu sein, da die pharmakologische Hemmung der Lipolyse allein keine Hypoglykämie verursacht. — Die Lipolysehemmung kann jedoch die Glucose-Assimilation und -Oxydation beschleunigen und damit den Blutzuckerabfall verstärken.
    Notes: Summary Earlier findings on the pathogenesis of tumour hypoglycaemia [15] were confirmed and extended in a second patient with this disease. — A block of hepatic glucose release was found to be the main cause of hypoglycaemia in both patients suffering from large tumours of non-endocrine origin. The free fatty acid level failed to increase upon hypoglycaemia. Low free fatty acid levels correlated with an increased rate of glucose assimilation and glucose oxidation. — Immunoreactive, suppressible and nonsuppressible ILA measuredin vitro andin vivo were normal. — However, the serum of patient Z.B. inhibited lipolysis of adipose tissuein vitro to a greater extent than serum of normal subjects. This difference was no longer present after dialysis of the sera and the antilipolytic activity was now found in the diffusate. — The block of hepatic glucose release may be overcome by a pharmacological dose of intravenous glucagon. The block of hepatic glucose release is of paramount importance for the development of hypoglycaemia since the pharmacological blocking of lipolysis alone does not lead to hypoglycaemia, although it may increase glucose assimilation and glucose oxidation. — An attempt is being made to characterize further the antilipolytic substance which is present in increased amounts in the serum of patients with tumour hypoglycaemia.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adipose tissue of diabetic rats ; prolonged incubationin vitro ; glucose transport and metabolism ; fructose metabolism, insulin sensitivity ; lipolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le métabolisme glucidique du tissu adipeux diabétique après incubation pendant 16 h dans un tampon contenant du glucose et de l'albumine, avec et sans insuline a été examiné. Le métabolisme glucidique d' abord diminué s'élevait à des taux normaux lors de l'incubation. Puisque la phlorizine supprimait cet effet stimulateur de l'incubation la diffusion facilitée du glucose semble être en cause. La sensibilité à l'insuline était maintenue pendant l'incubation, mais elle n'augmentait pas. — La libération de glycérol ainsi que l'incorporation du glucose-U-14C dans la fraction glycéride-glycérol augmentaient au cours de l'incubation et, alors, étaient inhibées par l'insuline. La synthèse des acides gras à partir du glucose-U-14C augmentait également mais n'atteignait pas des valeurs normales. — Tandis que le transport du glucose limite le métabolisme du glucose dans le tissu adipeux normal, la phosphorylation devenait le facteur limitant après l'incubation prolongée. Un agent inhibiteur de la synthèse des protéines, la cycloheximide, inhibait la stimulation du métabolisme du glucose par l'incubation même, tandis que l'actinomycine D était sans effet.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Diabetisches Fettgewebe wurde während 16 Std in einem Puffer mit Albumin und Glucose mit und ohne Insulin inkubiert, und die resultierenden Stoffwechselveränderungen mit Glucose-U-14C während einer zweiten Inkubation gemessen. Der anfänglich verminderte Glucosestoffwechsel des diabetischen Gewebes normalisierte sich im Verlaufe der Vorinkubation. Da Phlorizin diesen Vorinkubationseffekt auf die Glucoseaufnähme hemmte, darf eine Steigerung der Aktivität des mobilen Carriers dafür verantwortlich gemacht werden. Die Insulinempfindlichkeit des Gewebes blieb während der verlängerten Inkubation erhalten, nahm aber nicht parallel zur basalen Glucoseaufnahme zu. — Die Glycerinabgabe und der Einbau von Glucose-U-14C in die Glycerid-Glycerol-Fraktion nahm während der Inkubation zu und beide wurden durch Insulin zum Teil gehemmt. Die Fettsäuresynthese aus Glucose-U-14C wurde gesteigert, normalisierte sich aber nicht vollständig. — Im Gegensatz zu normalem Gewebe wurde an Stelle des Transportes die Phosphorylierung der Glucose zum geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Faktor des Glucosestoff-wechsels. Cycloheximid verminderte den Vorinkubationseffekt auf den Glucosestoffwechsel, während Actinomycin D ohne Wirkung war.
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of diabetic adipose tissue was studied after prolonged preïncubationin vitro (16 h) in a medium containing albumin and glucose with and without insulin. The initially decreased glucose uptake and metabolism of diabetic adipose tissue rose to normal levels during incubation. This increase was subject to inhibition by phlorizin, indicating that facilitated glucose diffusion was responsible. The tissue remained insulinsensitive during prolonged incubation. However, insulin sensitivity did not increase in the same way as basal glucose uptake. — Glycerol release and incorporation of glucose-U-14C into glyceride-glycerol increased during incubation, and both were inhibited to some extent by insulin. Fatty acid synthesis from glucose-U-14C increased during incubation but did not reach normal values. — Unlike tissues of fed rats, phosphorylation of glucose rather than transport became the rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism after prolonged incubationin vitro. Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin D, inhibited the preïncubation effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1803-1805 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 721-744 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Although sulfonium salts are well known, polymeric sulfonium salts seldom have been mentioned in the chemical literature. This paper describes exploratory work in the preparation of various sulfonium monomers and polymers from ar-vinylbenzyl chlorides (ortho and para isomers). These chlorides - particularly the para isomer - reacted readily with 2,2′-thiodiethanol and water to yield the corresponding ar-vinylbenzyl sulfonium chloride monomers in aqueous solution. The odorless, reactive monomer mixture polymerized readily with persulfate or hydroperoxide catalysts; however, polymerization could be inhibited with cupric salts. Copolymerization with trimethyl(ar-vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride was random. In copolymerization with acrylamide or acrylonitrile, the sulfonium monomer was more reactive. Analogous sulfonium monomers were made by reaction of ar-vinylbenzyl chlorides with various sulfides. In general, all the sulfonium monomers yielded homopolymers which were fairly stable in aqueous solution in the absence of strongly nucleophilic agents which would attack the sulfonium groups. However, when dried at room temperature the polymers would crosslink; and when heated, the polymers became hydrophobic also. Scrambling of the sulfonium group substituents during drying, and nucleophilic displacement reactions by chloride ion during heating were likely explanations. The high cationic charge on the polymers made them substantive to cellulose fibers. This property, when coupled with high nucleophilic reactivity of the sulfonium groups with the carboxylate sites of the pulp or other anionic counterious during drying and heating, made the polymers very effective as beater additives for imparting wet strength to paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 114 (1968), S. 263-274 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Rigid and chemically resistant 30-300 μm beads of cellulose gel can be prepared by precipitation of dispersed solutions of cellulose with organic acids. The pores of these particles have generally diameters of some hundreds of nanometers depending on concentration of cellulose in the starting solution. Mainly, gels obtained from 2, 6 and 10 percent cellulose containing SCHWEIZER reagent by regeneration with benzoic acid in benzene have been investigated in gel chromatography of E.coli bacteria, dextranes, proteins and benzyl alcohol. Gel beads from 6 and 10 percent SCHWEIZER reagent are appropriate for separating substances of mol. wt. from 104 to 107 with water as an eluent. Acetic acid instead of benzoic acid as regenerating agent causes shrinking of the pores next the surface of the particles.
    Notes: Durch Ausfällen mit organischen Säuren lassen sich aus verschiedenen in Benzol emulgierten Celluloselösungen mechanisch und chemisch widerstandsfähige Perlen von 30 bis 300 μm Durchmesser gewinnen. Sie haben Poren von durchschnittlich einigen hundert nm Weite, deren mittlerer Durchmesser von der Cellulosekonzentration in der Lösung abhängt. Hauptsächlich wurden die Gele aus 2, 6 und 10% cellulosehaltiger SCHWEIZER-Lösung, welche mit benzolischer Benzoesäure regeneriert waren, in ihrer Fähigkeit zur gelchromatographischen Trennung von E.coli-Bakterien, Dextranen der Molgewichte von 2·105 bis 7·106, verschiedenen Proteinen und Benzylalkohol im. wäßrigen System untersucht. Besonders die aus 6- und aus 10-proz. Lösung erhaltenen Gelperlen eignen sich zur Trennung von Substanzen im Molekulargewichtsbereich von 104 bis 107. Die hygroskopische Essigsäure, statt Benzoesäure als Fällungsmittel bewirkt eine Schrumpfung, d.h. Porenverengung in der Nähe der Oberfläche.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 5 (1967), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calf thymus and salmon sperm deoxyribouncleie acid were degraded by high-shear stirring to molecular weights M in the range of 1.3-3.2 × 106 and purified by chromatography on methylated bovine serum albumin. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the fragmented products, in aqueous glycerol solutions in the concentration range of c = 0.003-0.01 g./ml., were investigated with the apparatus of Birnboim and Ferry. At values of the product cM higher than 4 × 103, the frequency dependence of the components of the complex shear modulus, G′ and G″, displayed a plateau region in which G′ 〉 G″ - ων1ηS, similar to that observed in concentrated solutions of coiling polymers where it is attributed to an entanglement network (ω is radian frequency, ν1 volume fraction of solvent, and η8, solvent viscosity). The width of this plateau region on the logarithmic frequency scale is given by Δ = 3.8 (log cM - 3.56). At lower values of cM, the frequency dependence is intermediate between those predicted by the theory of Zimm for flexible coiled macromolecules and by the theory of Kirkwood and Auer for rods. Fitting to the Zimm theory gives highly discrepant values for molecular weights, while fitting the low-frequency end of the dispersion to the Kirkwood-Auer theory gives reasonable agreement for both molecular weight and rotary diffusion coefficient. It is concluded that the helical fragments appear as nearly rigid rods in their behavior at very low frequencies, but at higher frequencies reveal substantial bending flexibility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 1785-1792 
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The storage and loss shear compliances (J′, J″) of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (number-average molecular weight 320,000) were measured at frequencies between 0.08 and 1.0 cycle/sec. in the temperature range of 18-33°C., encompassing the glass transition. Data were obtained both at voluminal equilibrium and as a function of time during the slow isothermal contraction which follows a quench to a temperature near the transition. The latter data were supplemented by dilatometric measurements on similar samples to determine the magnitude of the volume contraction. Correlation of the dependences of J′ and J″ on temperature and on elapsed time (at constant frequency) indicated that the relaxation mechanisms are controlled primarily by free volume. The method of reduced variables was successfully applied to the dependence of J′ on temperature and elapsed time using shift factors aT,t calculated from the modified Doolittle equation and the magnitudes of volume contraction measured dilatometrically. The dependence of J″ on both temperature and elapsed time was more complicated, indicating a change in the shape of the retardation spectrum with free volume. The behavior is qualitatively very similar to that of poly(vinyl acetate), previously studied, except that the magnitudes of J′ are considerably larger and the thermal expansion coefficient of the free volume is smaller.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 1289-1296 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the conversion-composition data of Gruber and Elias, the reactivity ratios of styrene (M1) and methyl methacrylate (M2) were calculated to be r1 = 0.55 ± 0.02 and r2 = 0.58 ± 0.06 at 90°C. The least-squares method was then used on these and literature values at other temperatures to obtain the Arrhenius expressions: In r1 = 0.04736 - (235.45/T), and ln r2 = 0.1183 - (285.36/T). Using literature values for the homopolymerization steps, A11 = 2.2 × 107l./mole-sec., E11 = 7.8 kcal./mole, and A22 = 0.51 × 107 l./mole-sec.-1, E22 = 6.3 kcal./mole, activation energies and frequency factors were then calculated for the cross-polymerization steps: A12 = 2.1 × 107 l./mole-sec., E12 = 7.3 kcal./mole, and A21 = 0.45 × 107 l./mole-sec., E21 = 5.7 kcal./mole.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 2843-2851 
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An analytic solution to Skeist's copolymerization equation has been obtained for the case of binary copolymerization. From this solution, a differential copolymer composition equation is also derived. For given values of the reactivity ratios, these equations then permit the convenient calculation of expected binary copolymerization behavior as a function of conversion. Critical conditions leading to incompatible copolymerizations are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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