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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1240-1244 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sodium homeoostasis ; Conscious dogs ; Sperrphänomen ; Atrial natriuresis ; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Angiotensin II ; Natriumkontrolle ; Wache Hunde ; Sperrphänomen ; Atriale Natriurese ; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Angiotensin II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An chronisch instrumentierten weiblichen Beaglehunden wurden unter standardisierten Umweltund Ernährungsbedingungen Untersuchungen zum Studium der Kontrollprozesse des Natriumhaushaltes durchgeführt. Die nach experimenteller Erhöhung des Druckes im linken Vorhof (reversible Mitralstenose) auftretende Natriurese (atriale Natriurese, AN) eignet sich als Test zur Prüfung anderer in der Kontrolle des Natriums wirksamer Mechanismen. Die Ergebnisse erlauben folgende Schlußfolgerungen: 1. Die im linken Vorhof perzipierte Expansion des Extrazellulärraumes besitzt keine unersetzbare Funktion für die Natriumhomöostase (Volumenkontrolle). 2. Natriumkontrollmechanismen reagieren sehr empfindlich auf Änderungen des Gesamtkörpernatriums (TBS). Eine geringfügige Verminderung des TBS hemmt oder ‚sperrt‘ natriumeliminierende Prozesse wie z.B. eine ‚Kochsalzdiurese‘, eine osmotische Diurese oder die atriale Natriurese (Sperrphänomen). 3. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß ein spezieller natriuretischer Faktor existiert. 4. Das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System scheint u.a. mit seiner Komponente Angiotensin II wesentlich für die Natriumretention zu sein. Der Gesamtkörpernatriumbestand wird von zahlreichen ‚redundanten‘ Prozessen kontrolliert. Zur Zeit sind quantitative Angaben über einzelne Mechanismen nicht möglich. Die Gesamtkontrolle für das Natrium scheint unter allen Bedingungen eine optimale Strategie für das ‚Überleben‘ oder den ‚Komfort‘ zu entwickeln, was beinhaltet, daß sich der ‚Stellenwert‘ einzelner Mechanismen ändern kann.
    Notes: Summary Chronically instrumented female beagles were maintained in standardized environmental and dietary conditions allowing careful examination of the mechanisms governing sodium homeostasis. The experimental increase in left atrial pressure (obtained by a reversible mitral stenosis) is accompanied by an increase in sodium excretion (atrial natriuresis, AN). AN served as an experimental manoeuvre from which the mechanisms governing sodium homeostasis could be elucidated. The results allow the following conclusions: (1) The ‘signals’ arising from distension of the left atrium (e.g. expansion of the extracellular fluid volume) appear not to be a necessary prerequisite for the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. (2) The control mechanisms seem to be very sensitive to changes in total body sodium (TBS). A small reduction in TBS abolishes sodium eliminating processes e.g. saline diuresis, osmotic diuresis, AN. (3) It is probable that a natriuretic factor exists for sodium elimination. In summary, total body sodium appears to be controlled by a series of ‘redundant’ mechanisms which guarantee an appropriate strategy for the comfort and ultimate survival of the organism. At the moment it is impossible to quantitate the contributions made by the various mechanisms in the control of sodium metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Volume regulation ; Cardiac nerves ; Atrial natriuresis ; Renin-Angiotensin-system ; Conscious dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, maintained on a high sodium intake, were used to investigate whether surgical cardiac denervation impairs the natriuresis associated with left atrial pressure increase produced in three ways: during an increase in left atrial pressure by means of a reversible mitral stenosis (protocol 1); after an i.v. saline load (1.0 ml 0.9%·saline min−1·kg−1 over 60 min) (protocol 2); after an oral saline load (14.5 mmol Na·kg−1 given with the food as an isotonic solution) (protocol 3). During a reversible mitral stenosis, in intact dogs, urine volume and sodium excretion increased markedly (from 34–145 μl·min−1·kg−1 and from 3–12 μmol·min−1·kg−1); mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 2 kPa (15 mm Hg) and heart rate by 55 b/min; plasma renin activity fell from 0.37–0.21 ng Al·ml−1·h−1. Cardiac denervation eliminated these effects of left atrial distension except for a small increase in heart rate (12 b/min). This indicates that the natriuresis and diuresis during left atrial distension resulted from stimulation of receptors located in the left atrium. In contrast, during protocol 2 and 3, the same amounts of sodium and water were excreted in the cardiac denervated dogs as compared to the intact dogs. A comparable decrease in plasma renin activity also was observed. — Apparently the presence of the cardiac nerves is not a prerequisite for maintenance of sodium and water homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal hemodynamics ; Atrial natriuresis ; Conscious dogs ; Sodium intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Conscious dogs were used to study whether changes in total renal hemodynamics are responsible for diuresis and natriuresis during an experimental increase in left atrial pressure (LAP). To ensure a controlled dietary sodium intake, the dogs (n=8) were chronically kept on ahigh or alow sodium intake diet (HSI; LSI). After the dogs had completely recovered from surgery (carotid loop, thoracotomy, flank incision), LAP was increased by about 10 cm H2O for 60 min by tightening a purse string around the mitral annulus (51 expts). Mean urine volume (V) increased in both groups to a comparable degree. Mean sodium excretion increased somewhat more in HSI dogs, but remained elevated in LSI dogs after the LAP increase. Renal blood flow (electromagnetic flow transducer) and inulin clearance did not change. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased by about 20% (HSI) and 15% (LSI). — When the induced LAP increase was terminated, V decreased. RVR decreased in HSI dogs by about −11% and in LSI dogs by about −6% below control values.—It is concluded that volume regulatory mechanisms induced by an experimental LAP increase operate independently of changes in total renal blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 343 (1992), S. 79-101 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.30.R ; 12.38 ; 12.50.L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Within the field strength approach to Yang-Mills theories the fermionic sectors of gauge theories are bosonized for the SU(2) and SU(3) gauge group. The emerging effective meson theories are studied in the tree approximation. In this approximation the original minimal gauge coupling of the quarks to gluons is rendered into an effective local four-fermion interaction with non-trivial Lorentz and gauge structure. The Schwinger-Dyson equation is solved in the strong coupling limit and the quark condensates and constituent masses are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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