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  • Chemistry  (38)
  • 25.70.Jj  (3)
  • 27.90+b  (3)
  • 11.30.er  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Slow’ residues observed in the reaction20Ne+208Pb at E/A=8.6, 11.4 and 15.0 MeV/u (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 348 (1994), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Gh ; 25.70.Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Velocity distributions of heavy residuesA Res〉A tar,Z Res〉Z tar identified by means ofα spectroscopy, have been investigated at the velocity filter SHIP in reactions20Ne+208Pb at projectile energies E/A=8.6, 11.4 and 15.0 MeV/u. Besides products from complete or nearly complete fusion, characterized by velocity distributions peaking atν/ν CN≅0.8–1.0, heavy residues with mean velocities of about half of the compound nucleus velocity were observed. The Z-distribution of this component was found to peak atZ=87. It is interpreted as residues from fusion of target nuclei with projectile fragments produced by nearly symmetric break-up. The experimental results were compared with predictions of theoretical models: cross sections for incomplete fusion were calculated using the sum-rule model of Wilcynski et al., while residue cross sections were calculated using the evaporation code HIVAP. A fair agreement between experimental and calculated mass distributions of heavy residues and transferred projectile fragments is achieved if an energy dissipation of ≅23% (at E/A=8.6 MeV/u) and ≅8% (at E/A=11.4 MeV/u) of the incident projectile energy is introduced. The observed peak of theZ-distribution atZ=87 is predominantly effected due to a higher fission probability of products withZ〉87 during the deexcitation process and experimental limitations in the identification of products withZ≦86 by means of a spectroscopy, which cause a decrease of the observed production rates towards lowerZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305889
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isotopes259106,260106, and261106 (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 322 (1985), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60.+ e ; 25.85.Ca ; 25.70.Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In irradiations of207Pb and208Pb, respectively, with54Cr theα-decay of the isotopes259106,260106, and261106 could be observed for the first time. For260106 a spontaneous fission branch of (50 −20 +30 )% was observed. The isotopes were identified by genetic relationships of α-decay after separation in-flight with the velocity filter SHIP and implantation into a position-sensitive silicon surface-barrier detector. The measured partial fission halflife of the doubly even isotope260106 of (7.2 −2.7 +4.8 )ms exceeds the predicted values by at least a factor of 40. This result could be explained by the high shell corrections of the ground state mass, derived from the measured α-decay energies. The experimental results show evidence for an island of purely shell stabilized nuclei in the region of deformed isotopes beyond the actinides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411887
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parity violation in the 17/2− isomer of93Tc (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 336 (1990), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.30.er ; 23.20.Js ; 29.75. + X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The parity-violating mixing of the 17/2− and 17/2+ levels in93Tc nuclei, polarized by the tilted multifoil interaction, was measured by the observation of the forwardbackwardγ-ray asymmetry. The asymmetry was determined to beA γ=1.18(48)×10−3. The nuclear polarization was determined in a measurement of the quadrupole interaction in a92Mo isomer and the parity violation matrix element 〈H PV〉 is found to be ¦〈H PV〉¦ =0.8(4) meV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The new nuclide225U (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 333 (1989), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60+e ; 27.90+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the bombardment of a 270μg/cm 2 180Hf target with48 Ca projectiles at a primary beam energy of E/A=4.24 MeV/u the new nuclide225U was produced. The experiment was performed at the velocity filter SHIP. 225U was found to decay by α emission with Eα=(7880 ±20) keV (≈90%), (7830±20) keV (≈10%) and has a half-life ofT 1/2=(80 −20 +40 ms).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290117
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the fusion reaction27Al+236U→263105 at excitation energies of 57 MeV and 65 MeV (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 344 (1992), S. 225-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60+e ; 25.70.−z ; 27.90+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The neutron-deficient isotopes257,258105 were produced in the reaction27Al+236u in 6n and 5n evaporation channels, respectively. The evaporation residues emerging from the target were separated in-flight from the projectiles and from products of different nuclear reactions by the electrostatic separator VASSILISSA [1]. The isotopes were then implanted into position-sensitive silicon detectors and identified using the α-α-correlation method. The measured production cross-section is σ(5n)=(0.45±0.20)nb atE P =154 MeV and σ(6n)=(0.075±0.055) nb atE P =163 MeV. These cross-sections are compared with data measured for the same isotopes in the more symmetrical reaction50Ti+209Bi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291709
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of the isotopes264108 and265108 (1987)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 328 (1987), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60.+ e ; 25.70.Jj ; 27.9.+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The experiment having led to the discovery of first isotopes of element 108, as published previously in Short Notes to this Journal [1, 2] are described and discussed in a final paper. Two isotopes of element 108 were produced by complete fusion of207Pb and208Pb, respectively, with58Fe. Both isotopes areα-emitters. For the isotope with mass 265 threeα-decay sequences were observed. Theα-decay energy is (10.36±0.03) MeV, the half-life (1.8 −0.7 +2.2 ) ms. For the isotope with mass 264, which is the heaviest doubly even isotope known at present, the decay sequence of one atom was found. The measured half-life is (76 −36 +364 ) μs. Our experimental results point towards an enhanced stability of the heaviest elements against spontaneous fission, which was already observed for element 106.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01295182
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of neutron-deficient isotopes226,227Np (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 336 (1990), S. 473-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.60+e ; 27.90+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The neutron-deficient isotopes226Np and227Np were produced in the bombardment of a 380μg/cm2 209Bi target with22Ne projectiles at an incident beam energy of 5.5 MeV/u. They were identified using the α-α time-correlation method /1/.226Np was found to decay with Eα=(8044±20) keV andT 1/2=(31±8) ms. For227Np two α-lines were observed at (7650±20) keV and (7677±20) keV with a half-life of (510±60) ms. The gas-filled separator NASE installed at GSI Darmstadt was used to separate the evaporation residues inflight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charakterisierung keramischer Werkstoffe mit der Auger-Elektronenspektroskopie: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 21 (1990), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the relationships between mechanical and other physico-chemical properties and the microstructural chemistry is a necessity for a well-controlled development of new materials. A prerequisite for the achievement of this goal is an advanced microanalytical characterization, which can be obtained by application of surface analysis methods. Among these, high resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (HR-AES or Scanning Auger Microscopy, SAM) has proved to be extremely useful for surface, interface and depth profile analysis of ceramic materials. After a short presentation of the principles and the main areas of application, specific advantages are discussed for some examples. Those are e.g. a depth of information in the nanometer range, a sub-micrometer lateral resolution, a relatively high detection sensitivity for the light elements like B, C, N, O, and a small matrix effect in quantitative analysis. The main disadvantages are due to a variety of detrimental electron beam induced effects which are outlined for some examples of oxide and non-oxide ceramics. The generation of electrical charging of insulating ceramics and its avoidance or reduction by appropriate experimental procedures is particularly emphasized.
    Notes: Das für eine kontrollierte Materialentwicklung benötigte Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen mechanischen und anderen physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften und dem mikrostrukturellen Aufbau setzt eine leistungsfähige mikroanalytische Charakterisierung voraus, die vor allem durch den Einsatz oberflächenspezifischer Untersuchungsverfahren erhalten werden kann. Unter diesen hat sich insbesondere die hochauflösende Auger-Elektronenspektroskopie (High Resolution Auger-Electron Spectroscopy, HR-AES bzw. Scanning Auger Microscopy, SAM) in Verbindung mit Oberflächen-, Bruchflächen- und Tiefenprofilanalysen bewährt, deren Grundlagen und Haupteinsatzgebiete unter besonderer Berücksichtigung keramischer Werkstoffe vorgestellt werden. Den Vorteilen kleiner Informationstiefe im Nanometerbereich, der hohen Ortsauflösung im Sub-Mikrometer-Bereich, der vergleichsweise hohen Nachweisempfindlichkeit für leichte Elemente wie B, C, N, O sowie der geringen Matrix-Effekte bei der quantitativen Analyse stehen als Nachteile eine Reihe störender elektronenstrahlinduzierter Effekte gegenüber. Diese werden anhand ausgewählter Beispiele für oxidische- und nichtoxidische Keramiken erläutert, wobei besondere Betonung auf die Entstehung von elektrischen Aufladungen bei nichtleitenden Keramiken und deren Vermeidung bzw. Verminderung durch geeignete experimentelle Maßnahmen gelegt wird.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19900210302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reibung und Verschleiß. Mechanismen - Prüftechnik - Werkstoffeigenschaften. Hrsg. K.-H. Zum Gahr. 244 S., zahlr. Abb. Alphabetisches Stichwortverzeichnis. DGM Informationsgesellschaft mbH, Oberursel 1983. Geb., 16 × 23,5 cm. ISBN 3-88355-064-7. DM 87,- (1984)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19840350608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Augerspektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Lochkorrosion von Fe-Cr-, Fe-Mo- und Fe-Cr-Mo-LegierungenHerrn Professor Dr. K. E. Heusler zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1991)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 42 (1991), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Auger-spectroscopic investigations into pitting corrosion of FeCr, FeMo and FeCrMo alloysA single pit was produced on binary iron-chromium (Fe17Cr), iron-molybdenum (Fe1Mo, Fe3Mo, and Fe5Mo) and ternary iron-chromium-molybdenum alloys (Fe17CrxMo, x = 1, 3, 7 wt.%) in 0.5 M H2SO4 with Cl- additions (0.02 to 0.08 molar) at room temperature. Compositional changes at the bottom of the pit and in the surrounding passive film were determined using high resolution Auger-Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The chromium and molybdenum content of the passive layers are not changed in the presence of Cl- and there is no incorporation of chlorine in the passive film as long as the films were formed in a chlorine-free electrolyte and Cl- was added later. At the bottom of the pits salt films could be determined in all cases after removing the electrolyte with filter paper. These salt films are strongly enriched in chromium, molybdenum and chlorine. The salt film was not detectable for Fe-Cr after rinsing the samples with distilled water, whereas in the case of molybedenum additions the salt film could not be washed away with water.
    Notes: Ein einzelnes Loch wurde auf der passiven Oberfläche von Eisen-Chrom-(Fe17Cr), Eisen-Molybdän-(Fe1Mo, Fe3Mo und Fe5Mo) und ternären Eisen-Chrom-Molybdän-Legierungen (Fe17CrxMo, x = 1, 3, 7 Gew.%) durch Lochkorrosion in 0,5 M H2SO4 mit Cl--Zusätzen von 0,02 und 0,08 Mol/l bei Raumtemperatur erzeugt. Die Zusammensetzung des Lochbodens und der umgebenden Passivschicht wurde mit Hilfe der hochauflösenden Augerelektronenspektroskopie (AES) bestimmt. Der Chrom- und Molybdängehalt des Passivfilmes wird durch die Anwesenheit der Cl--Ionen nicht verändert, und es wird kein Chlor in den Passivfilm eingebaut, solange der Film in chloridfreiem Elektrolyt gebildet und Cl- später zugesetzt wurde. Auf dem Lochboden konnten in allen Fällen Salzfilme festgestellt werden, nachdem der Elektrolyt mit Filterpapier aufgesogen wurde. Diese Salzfilme waren stark mit Chrom, Molybdän und Chlor angereichert. Bei der Fe-Cr-Legierung konnte der Salzfilm nach Spülung mit Wasser nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden, während bei den molybdänhaltigen Legierungen der Salzfilm mit Wasser nicht entfernt werden konnte.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19910420405
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