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  • Chemistry  (8)
  • Botulinum toxin  (2)
  • Spasmodic torticollis  (2)
  • 34.80.Kw  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and polymyographic investigation of spasmodic torticollis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Polymyography ; Pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polymyographic recordings were used to identify the most dystonic muscles suitable for local injection with botulinum toxin in 100 patients with spasmodic torticollis (TS). Rotating TS (72% of the patients) was due to dystonic activity of the splenius muscle ipsilateral to and/or the sternocleidomastoid muscle contralateral to the side of chin deviation. One-third of these patients had also dystonic activation of the contralateral splenius muscle and, rarely, the contralateral trapezius muscle. Ten patients had laterocollis due to dystonic activation of all recorded muscles on one side of the neck. Nine patients had retrocollis due to activity of both splenius muscles and rarely additional activity in both trapezius muscles. The type of dystonic muscle activity was found to be tonic, phasic or tremulous. Besides the evaluation of spontaneous dystonic EMG activity further examination during the “geste antagoniste” or the muscle activity during rotating head movements can provide additional information. It is concluded that polymyography may provide a rationale for identifying the dystonic muscles underlying the different forms of TS. It may prove to be helpful for the successful therapy with botulinum toxin and may be useful in differentiating tremulous torticollis from other types of head tremor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with local injections of botulinum toxin (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Poly-EMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven patients with spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) who received repeated local injections of botulinum toxin have been followed up for a mean period of 12.3 (10–29) months, during which time 138 treatment sessions were performed. Mean doses per muscle averaged 320 mouse units (mu; range 160–1000 mu botulinum toxin A prepared by CAMR, Porton Down, UK). Eighty-six per cent of patients experienced significant improvement of posture and 84% of those with pain had relief following the first injection. Muscular patterns of recurrent torticollis were relatively constant and in most patients efficacy was maintained with subsequent injections, while 15% of all follow-up sessions failed. Only 2 of 37 patients were consistent non-responders; 22% and 10% of all sessions were complicated by transient dysphagia and weakness of neck muscles, respectively. It is concluded that local botulinum toxin injections can be a safe and efficaceous long-term treatment of spasmodic torticollis and that optimal doses should be between 200 and 400 mu/muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network disentanglement and time-dependent flow behaviour of polymer meltsHerrn Prof. Dr. H. Batzer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1533-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: For small strains Lodge's rubberlike-liquid theory is a valid description of the rheological behaviour of polymer melts, but at higher strains the theory fails: The phenomenon of shear thinning which is characteristic for the shear flow of nearly all polymer liquids is not explained, and in elongation the deviation of the experimental data from the predictions of Lodge's theory reflect also a flow thinning, and not a strain hardening in spite of the pronounced S-shape of the stress-strain diagrams. Comparing the measured stress growth and stress relaxation data with the predictions of the theory, it must be concluded that the temporary physical network structure of the polymer melt is destroyed increasingly with the magnitude of the deformation. Hence, the number of entanglements decreases with increasing strain. For simple shear and uniaxial extension of a well-defined polyethylene melt the strain dependence of the relative entanglement density is discussed. The irreversibility of the disentanglement process of the network is considered.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810716
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectronic recombination of lithium-like Ar15+ (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (1994), S. 291-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.80.Kw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dielectronic recombination (DR) of Ar15+(1s 22s) ions was studied in a single-pass merged-beams experiment at the UNILAC (universal linear accelerator) of GSI. Absolute recombination rates and cross sections were measured for electron-ion center-of-mass energies from 0 to 580 eV. A number of Rydberg states formed by DR with 2s → 2p (Δn=0) and 2s → 3ℓ (Δn=1) core excitations and even individual terms in the 1s 23ℓ3ℓ′ configuration could be resolved. Theoretical calculations of DR cross sections are in good overall agreement with the data. In the calculations for Δn=0 transitions, effects of electric fields have to be included to reproduce the magnitude of the measured DR rates at the limit of the 2 p 1/2ℓ and 2 p 3/2ℓ Rydberg series. Discrepancies between theory and experiment are observed at the series limits of the (1s 23ℓnℓ′) Rydberg series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426394
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress Hypotheses and material stresses in Hertzian contacts (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 17 (1986), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spannungshypothesen und Werkstoffanstrengung im Hertz'schen KontaktDer Spannungszustand im Halbraum des Hertz'schen Kontaktbereichs kann unter idealisierten Annahmen für verschiedene Geometrien in Abhängigkeit von der Flächenpressung (Normalkraft), der Reibung (Tangentialkraft an der Oberfläche) sowie den Eigenspannungen im Werkstoff berechnet werden.Aus den Koordinatenspannungen lassen sich Vergleichsspannungen nach verschiedenen Anstrengungshypothesen (Gestaltänderungsenergiehypothese, Schubspannungshypothese und Wechselschubspannungshypothese) bilden.Untersucht wird die Wirkung von Reibung, Eigenspannungen und Geometrie der Kontaktfläche auf die Vergleichsspannung nach den einzelnen Anstrengungshypothesen. Es erfolgt die Darstellung des Einflusses dieser Parameter auf Ort und Betrag des im Werkstoff auftretenden Vergleichsspannungsmaximums.Anhand dieser Untersuchungen wird deutlich, daß die Gestaltänderungsenergiehypothese bei dynamisch beanspruchten Wälzelementen die Werkstoffanstrengung am besten beschreibt. Die Schubspannungshypothese kann als gute Näherung aufgefaßt werden, während die Wechselschubspannungshypothese nur sehr eingeschränkt aussagefähig ist.
    Notes: Using idealised assumptions, the stress condition in the semi infinite body of the Hertzian contact region can be calculated for various geometries as a function of the surface pressure (normal force), the friction (tangential force at the surface) and the residual stresses in the material.Equivalent stresses can be formed from the coordinate stresses using various stress hypotheses (distortion energy hypothesis, shear stress hypothesis and alternating shear stress hypothesis).The effects of friction, residual stresses and contact geometry on the location and magnitude of the equivalent stresses appearing in the material have been investigated, the stress hypotheses being evaluated in terms of the extent to which they take account of these effects in an appropriate form.These investigations show clearly that the distortion energy hypothesis is the best representation of the extent of material stress in the case of dynamically loaded rolling elements. The shear stress hypothesis can be considered as a good approximation whereas the alternating shear stress hypothesis is only capable of providing useful conclusions to a limited extent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19860170706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,3-Dithiol-anellierte Kronenverbindungen (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 336 (1994), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,3-Dithiole Annelated Crown Compounds
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19943360217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber methylirte Dipyridyle (1893)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 48 (1893), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18930480101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxide- and radiation-cured compounds filled with reinforcing fine-particle silicaPresented before the Division of Rubber Chemistry at the 138th meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are indications that the chemical reaction involved in bound rubber formation proceeds via a free-radical mechanism for compounds filled with reinforcing hydrated fine-particle silica, as well as in the case of carbon black as filler. The high potential of silica as a rubber reinforcer is indicated by its bound rubber formation. This potential was realized by the extent of filler-polymer interaction developed in silica-filled vulcanizates cured by peroxide and by high-energy radiation, respectively. Both these relatively simple curing systems are postulated to effect crosslink formation via a free-radical mechanism. The value, after cure, of the ratio of the crosslink density of the filled compound to the crosslink density of the respective unfilled compound, η/η0, was taken to be a logical measure of the ability to reinforce. In natural rubber compounds filled with silica (30 vol.), the values of η/η0 obtained were 1.6-1.9 for peroxide-cured material, and 3.6 for radiation-cured material. Comparisons are made with similarly cured HAF black-filled stocks. Sulfur-cured natural rubber stocks filled with HAF black (30 vol.) generally exhibit η/η0 values in the range of 1.5 to 2.0. Comparative effects of antioxidants are described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Umsetzung von Sulfiden mit Stickstoffmonoxid in Wäßrigen Lösungen (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 558 (1988), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Sulfides with Nitrogen Monoxide in Aqueous SolutionThe title reaction has been reinvestigated by VIS/UV and NMR spectrometric measurements. The formation of N-nitrosohydroxylamine monosulfonate could be confirmed. Moreover we could observe that unstable orange-yellow perthionitrite appears temporarily.
    Notes: Die Titelreaktion ist durch VIS/UV- und NMR-spektrometrische Messungen erneut untersucht worden. Dabei konnte die überraschende Entstehung von N-Nitrosohydroxyl-aminmonosulfonat bestätigt und überdies die vorübergehende Bildung von in Wasser unbeständigem orangegelbem Perthionitrit nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885580118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der Umsetzung von Schwefel mit Natriumnitrit in DMF, DMSO und HMPT (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 538 (1986), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Reaction of Sulfur with Sodium Nitrite in DMF, DMSO, and HMPAThe mechanism of the title reaction has been elucidated by VIS/UV, IR, 15N NMR, and ESR spectrometric measurements, gas analysis, and chromatography. The course of the complex reaction and the great number of products  -  nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, sodium thiosulfate, sulfate, polysulfides, polythionates, nitrate  -  can be explained with the assumption that at first perthionitrates NaSxNO2 are formed, which are decomposed either to give dinitrogen monoxide and thiosulfate, or, react with nitrite to yield nitrate and perthionitrite NaS2NO which dissociates reversibly into sodium trisulfide(-I) and nitrogen monoxide. (The details of the two main series of competitive and consecutive reaction steps can be seen from the tabular summary at the end of the text). The characteristic colour change during the reaction from blue-Green to orange-red is due to the formation of the two coloured species: S3- (blue, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2.029) and ONSS- (red, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, ref. K15NO3).
    Notes: Durch VIS/UV-, IR-, 15N-NMR- und ESR-spektrometrische Messungen, sowie chromatographische und Gas-Analysen ist der Mechanismus der Titelreaktion aufgeklärt worden. Der Verlauf der komplexen Umsetzung und die groβe Anzahl von Produkten  -  Distickstoffoxid, Stickstoffmonoxid, Natriumthiosulfat, Sulfat, Polysulfide, Polythionate, Nitrat  -  können mit der Annahme erklärt werden, daß zunächst Natriumperthionitrate NaSxNO2 entstehen, die sich in Distickstoffoxid und Thiosulfat zersetzen, oder auch mit Nitrit zu Nitrat und Perthionitrit, NaSSNO, reagieren, das reversibel in Stickoxid und Natriumtrisulfid(1 - ) dissoziiert. (Bezüglich der Einzelheiten der konkurrierenden und aufeinander folgenden Reaktionsschritte vgl. Tab. 2.) Der charakteristische Farbwechsel während der Titelreaktion von blau-grün über braun nach orangerot ist auf die Entstehung zweier Farbträger zurückzuführen: S3- (blau, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2,029) und ONSS- (rot, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, bez. auf K15NO3).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865380718
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