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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquatic Toxicology 28 (1994), S. 65-78 
    ISSN: 0166-445X
    Keywords: 4-Chloroaniline ; Bioconcentration ; Biotransformation ; Guppy ; Kinetics
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cyamemazine ; Anxiety ; Serotonin ; 5-HT3-receptor ; 5-HT2C-receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Cyamemazine is a neuroleptic compound which possesses anxiolytic properties in humans. On the other hand, 5-HT3- and 5-HT2C-receptors have been implicated in anxiety disorders and a previous binding study has shown that cyamemazine possesses high affinity for both serotonin receptor types. Objective: The present study was undertaken to establish whether cyamemazine antagonizes 5-HT3- and/or 5-HT2C-mediated responses, and whether it compares with reference compounds. Methods: Cyamemazine was tested for its ability to antagonize: (i) 5-HT3-dependent contraction of the isolated guinea-pig ileum and bradycardic responses in the rat and (ii) 5-HT2C-dependent phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation in rat brain membranes. Results: In isolated guinea-pig ileum, cyamemazine potently and competitively antagonized 5-HT-dependent contractions (pA2=7.52±0.08; n=5). In this test, cyamemazine was 5–7 times more potent (pIC50=6.75±0.13) than tropisetron (pIC50=6.02±0.04). In rats, cyamemazine i.v. antagonized 5-HT-dependent bradycardic responses with ID50%=3.2±1.5 mg/kg (n=4). Finally, in rat brain membranes cyamemazine antagonized 5-HT2C-dependent PLC stimulation with Ki=424 nM (mianserin exhibits a Ki=113 nM). Conclusions: Cyamemazine behaves as an antagonist at both 5-HT3- and 5-HT2C-receptors, which compares well with reference compounds. These 5-HT3- and 5-HT2C-antagonistic actions of cyamemazine can be involved, at least in part, in its beneficial therapeutic actions in anxiety disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphane, tetra-tert-butyl- ; Diselenide, bis(di-tert-butylselenophosphinyl) ; Phosphinic and phosphinous anhydrides ; Selenation ; Telluration ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Telluration and Selenation of Tetra-tert-butyldiphosphaneTetra-tert-butyldiphosphane (1) reacts with tellurium in boiling toluene to provide di-tert-butyltellurophosphinous anhydride (2) in high yield. Similarly, selenium inserts into the P—P bond of 1, but subsequently di-tert-butylselenophosphinous anhydride (3) adds another selenium atom with formation of a P=Se bond in tBu2PSeP(=Se)tBu2 (4). Pure 3 is obtained from di-tert-butylchlorophosphane and sodium selenide at 100°C. Oxidation of 3 provides the μ-selenophosphinic anhydride [tBu2P(=O)]2Se (7), which was characterized by an X-ray structure analysis. Reaction of 1 with three equivalents of selenium or reaction of 4 with one equivalent of selenium leads to mixtures that contain 4, [tBu2P(=Se)]2Se (5), and [tBu2P(=Se)]2Se2 (6). With excess of selenium, 6 was obtained in high yield. The course of telluration and selenation reactions and the structures of 2-7 were confirmed with help of 1H- and 31P-NMR and mass spectra.
    Notes: Tetra-tert-butyldiphosphan (1) wird durch Erhitzen mit elementarem Tellur in hoher Ausbeute in Di-tert-butyltellurophosphinigsäureanhydrid (2) übergeführt. Bei der Umsetzung von 1 mit Selen schließt sich der Selen-Einschiebung in die P—P-Bindung die Selenierung einer Phosphingruppe in Di-tert-butylselenophosphinigsäureanhydrid (3) zur Selenophosphinylfunktion in tBu2PSeP(=Se)tBu2 (4) an. Reines 3 erhält man durch Einwirkung von Di-tert-butylchlorphosphan auf Natriumselenid bei 100°C. Bei der Oxidation von 3 entsteht das μ-Selenophosphinsäureanhydrid-Derivat [tBu2P(=O)]2Se (7), dessen Struktur röntgenographisch bestimmt wurde. Umsetzung von 1 mit drei Äquivalenten Selen oder Umsetzung von 4 mit einem Äquivalent Selen in siedendem Ether führt zu Gemischen von 4, [tBu2P(=Se)]2Se (6). Verwendet man vier oder mehr Äquivalente Selen, so entsteht 6 in hoher Ausbeute. Reaktionsabläufe und die Konstitution der Verbindungen 2-7 werden insbesondere durch 1H- und 31P-NMR- und Massenspektren gesichert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 368-376 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Changes of the state of aggregation of metals due to the passage of strong shock waves. The heating of metals due to the passage of a shock wave is, in general, small because of the low compressibility of solids. Under the action of extremely strong shock waves, for instance in the applications of high explosives, the increase of temperature may however, be so high that after pressure release the metal is in the liquid state. This prediction is based mainly on theoretical calculations as the direct determination of temperature, and hence of the state of aggregation, is difficult because of the rapid rate of the processes involved.The investigation discussed here was aimed at demonstrating the possible melting of metals under shock loading by looking for specific phenomena characteristic of the state of aggregation. To do this, shock waves of different intensities produced by means of high explosives were passed through samples of partly metallic, partly nonmetallic, material. The state of aggregation after pressure release was determined by X-ray flash photography and by investigations of recovered parts of the samples. The investigations show in accordance with the theoretical predictions that only low-melting metals, such as lead or tin, are in the liquid state after pressure release, and even these only when high explosives with shock pressures of several hundred kilobars are applied. Apart from these cases shock loaded metals are in the solid state after pressure release, with a maximum increase in temperature of a few hundred degrees.
    Notes: Die Aufheizung von Metallen beim Durchgang von Stoßwellen ist wegen der kleinen Kompressibilität fester Körper im allgemeinen gering. Im Fall extrem starker Stoßwellen, beispielsweise bei der Anwendung von Sprengstoffen, kann der Temperaturanstieg jedoch so groß sein, daß das Metall nach der Druckentlastung flüssig ist. Diese Aussage stützt sich allerdings fast ausschließlich auf theoretische Berechnungen, da die direkte Bestimmung der Temperatur und damit des Aggregatzustands wegen der Kurzzeitigkeit der Vorgänge schwierig ist.Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, unter Verzicht auf direkte Temperaturmessung das mögliche Schmelzen von Metallen unter Stoßbelastung durch Untersuchung bestimmter, für den jeweiligen Aggregatzustand charakteristischer Erscheinungen nachzuweisen. Hierzu wurden durch Proben aus teils metallischen, teils nichtmetallischen Materialien mit Hilfe von Sprengstoffen Stoßwellen unterschiedlicher Stärke geschickt. Der Aggregatzustand nach der Druckentlastung wurde durch Röntgenblitzaufnahmen und Untersuchungen am aufgefangenen Material ermittelt. Es zeigte sich in Übereinstimmung mit der theoretischen Vorhersage, daß nur niedrigschmelzende Metalle wie Blei oder Zinn nach der Druckentlastung im flüssigen Zustand vorliegen und auch diese nur bei Anwendung hochenergetischer Sprengstoffe mit Stoßwellendrücken von einigen hundert Kilobar. Von diesen Fällen abgesehen sind stoßbelastete Metalle nach dem Stoßwellendurchgang im festen Zustand, mit einer Temperaturerhöhung von höchstens wenigen hundert Grad.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphanes ; Disilanes ; Disilanylamines ; Germanes ; Stannanes ; Stannanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of dialkyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphanes RR′PSiMe3 (1:R, R′ = tBu; 3: R, R′ = iPr; 5: R = iPr, R′ = tBu) with Si2Cl6 provide stable trichlorosilylphosphanes RR′PSiCl3 (2, 4, 6); the reactions of silyl- and stannylamines of iPr2NMMe3 (M = Si: 11; M = Sn: 12) with Si2Cl6, however, provide the stable pentachlorodisilanylamine iPr2NSi2Cl5 (13). Heating of 1 with the technical mixture Me2(Cl)SiSiCl2Me/(MeCl2Si)2 yields the stable silylphosphane tBu2PSiMe2Cl (8) and the disilanylphosphane tBu2PSi(Me)(Cl)Si(Me)Cl2 (9). Methylation of 9 with MeLi gave tBu2PSi2Me510, which was isolated in a pure state. Reactions of tBu(iPr)PSiMe3 (5) and of organometal phosphanes tBu(iPr)PMR3 (14: M = Ge, R = Me; 17a-c: M = Sn; R = Me, Et, nBu) with Si2Cl6 were monitored by 31P, 29Si, and 119Sn NMR. - In the first step of these reactions, new tBu(iPr)PSi2Cl5 (7) is formed. 7 is accompanied by increasing amounts of tBu(iPr)PSiCl3 (6) and Me3GeSiCl3 (15)/(Me3Ge)2Si(SiCl3)2 (16) or traces of compounds R3SnSiCl3 (19a-c) that decompose providing (R3Sn)2Si(SiCl3)2 (18a-c) and nBu3SnSi(SiCl3)3 (20c). Subsequently, compounds 19a-c decompose providing increasing amounts of 18a-c. Stannylphosphane 17bis also cleaved by SiCl4 leading to 6 with liberation of Et3SnCl, whereas 17bis formedfrom the reaction of 5 with Et3SnCl under liberation of Me3SiCl. The suggestion of an extra stabilisation of P-Si bonds of trichlorosilylphosphanes was subjected to direct evidence through the structure determination of the trichlorosilylphosphane tBu2PSiCl3 (2) in the gas phase by electron diffraction. This crowded molecule has a “normal” P-Si bond length of 225.0(12) pm; its C1 symmetric conformation with both tBu groups and the SiCl3 group twisted about 17° from the perfectly staggered positions, and with each of the three groups tilted about 6° away from each other, allows to reduce steric strain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 1086-1086 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 89 (1863), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties of Te—Te Bonds. IV. Dismutation Reactions of Di-p-tolylditelluride with Tetra-tert-butyldiphosphane and Tetra-isopropyldiphosphaneDi-p-tolylditelluride reacts with tetra-tert-butyldiphosphane and tetra-isopropyldiphosphane (prepared from the corresponding chlorophosphanes with potassium in toluene) with formation of new tellurophosphinous acid esters p-CH3C6H4TePR2 (R = t-C4H9, i-C3H7). Distillation leads to pure yellow liquids that have been characterized by 1H-, 13C-, 31P-, and 125Te-NMR, by elemental analysis and by mass spectroscopy.
    Notes: Di-p-tolylditellurid reagiert mit Tetra-tert-butyldiphosphan und Tetraisopropyldiphosphan, welche aus den entsprechenden Chlorphosphanen mit Kalium in Toluol hergestellt wurden, unter Dismutation zu den neuen Tellurophosphinigsäureestern p-CH3C6H4TePR2 (R = t-C4H9, i-C3H7). Die durch Destillation rein isolierten Verbindungen werden durch 1H-, 13C-, 31P- sowie 125Te-NMR-Spektren sowie durch EI-Massenspektren und Elementaranalysen charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 72 (1998), S. 38-44 
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: DL-selenomethionine ; hydrogen peroxide ; cyanogen bromide ; ozone ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxidation reactions of DL-selenomethionine (DL-SeMet) with hydrogen peroxide and ozone were investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of the reaction products were measured at different pD values in D2O solutions. In the moderate (4-8) pD range, a pair of singlets of equal intensity appeared at 2·71 and 2·80 ppm, with the disappearance of the DL-SeMet methyl peak at 2·04 ppm. As the pD of the solution decreased, the chemical shifts of both peaks increased relative to 3-trimethylsilylpropionic acid-d4 sodium salt. In strongly acidic solutions (pD〈3), the pair collapsed to one singlet at 3·18 ppm. As pD values increased the chemical shifts decreased in numerical value with only a singlet at 2·69 ppm observed in strongly basic solutions (pD〉10). These data were assigned to Met selenoxide in basic solution, stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and to the hydration of Met selenoxide to Met dihydroxyselenide in acidic solutions. In moderate pD solutions (pD = 4-8), both forms of the selenoxide can exist. For the reaction of DL-SeMet with CNBr, two parallel reactions occur, i.e. oxidation and bond cleavage with cyanization: the bond cleavage giving the expected products, i.e. 2-amino-4-butyrolactone and methyl selenocyanate, with an additional singlet observed at 2·54 ppm. © 1988 SCI
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 308-311 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 NMR data of [5]metacyclophane (1a), its 8,11-dihalosubstituted derivatives 1b-1d and of some model compounds are reported and discussed. A remarkable downfield shift is observed for the aromatic carbon between the bridging carbons; this is tentatively ascribed to long-range effects of the bridge and to the bending of the aromatic ring.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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