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  • Chronopharmacology  (2)
  • 6-keto-PGF1α  (1)
  • Femoral neck fracture  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronopharmacology of enalapril in hypertensive patients (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Enalapril ; Hypertension ; bradykinin ; cough
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, are reported to vary with the time of administration. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the effect of enalapril on plasma bradykinin (BK), substance P and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are likely to be involved in the mechanism of enalaprilinduced cough, might also be affected by its time of administration. Enalapril 5 mg or placebo was given orally at 10:00 h (day trial) or 22:00 h (night trial) to 12 patients with essential hypertension. Serum concentrations of total drug (enalapril + enalaprilat, its active metabolite) during the day and night trials did not differ significantly at any time. However, serum enalaprilat tended to be higher and its maximum concentration greater in the day trial than in the night trial. Blood pressure 24 h after administration of enalapril was reduced at 22:00 h, but not at 10:00 h. Plasma BK tended to increase following enalapril administration at 10:00 h, but not at 22:00 h. Remarkable increases in plasma BK were observed in two patients in the day trial and one of them also complained of cough. However, no such increase in plasma BK or subsequent adverse effect were recorded in the night trial. Plasma substance P and PGE2 did not change significantly following enalapril administration either in the day or night trial. The results suggest that the response of BK to enalapril is affected by the time of administration. In patients who complain of cough during treatment with enalapril during the daytime, this adverse effect might be dminished or eliminated by a switch to night-time administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Propranolol ; absorption ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is diurnal variation in the absorption rate of propranolol in younger subjects. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of age on the chronopharmacokinetics of propranolol. We gave 20 mg of propranolol orally to 13 younger and 11 older hypertensive subjects at 09.00 h (day study) or 21.00 h (night study) in a cross-over design. Plasma concentrations of propranolol and its metabolites, 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid, were determined just before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after dosage. In the younger subjects the absorption rate constant (ka) of propranolol and its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) was significantly shorter in the day than at night. There were similar time-variant changes in Cmax and tmax for 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid. In contrast, there were no time-variant changes in ka, Cmax and tmax of propranolol and its metabolites in the older subjects. These results suggest that propranolol is absorbed more rapidly after morning dosing than after night-time dosing in younger but not in older subjects. Based on these findings, we speculate that the time-variance in the absorption rate or first-pass elimination, or both, of propranolol diminish with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315550
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of furosemide on angiotensin II-mediated prostaglandin I2 production in hypertensive subjects (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 113-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Furosemide ; 6-keto-PGF1α ; hypertension ; angiotensin II ; captopril ; urinary PGs ; PGI2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of angiotensin II (AII) in Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) production following furosemide has been examined in a placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Furosemide 20 mg was injected intravenously in eight hypertensive subjects already treated with oral captopril 25 mg or a matching placebo. Urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1α (a metabolite of PGI2) and PGE2, PRA and AII was increased following furosemide without captopril pretreatment. The rises in urinary 6-keto-PGF1α and PGE2, and plasma AII after furosemide were prevented by the captopril pretreatment. Urinary volume, sodium and furosemide were not affected by captopril. The data indicate that the effect of furosemide on PGI2 production, as reflected by the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1α, was mediated by an action of AII.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progression of osteoporosis in cancellous bone depending on trabecular structure (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 22 (1994), S. 532-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Trabecular structure ; Bone metabolism ; Femoral neck fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Progression of osteoporosis is caused by a decline in bone formation activity relative to the resorption activity. In this paper, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the progression of osteoporosis to estimate the osteoporotic change in the upper end of the femur. According to this analysis, the progression rate of osteoporosis in cancellous bone depends on the product of remodeling activity,R act, and the trabecular structure parameter,K tr. To confirm that the theoretical results were reasonably comparable to actual osteoporotic change, these two factors were measured in rabbits. From the results, it was concluded that the highest progression rate was shown in bar/barlike trabecular structure (type 3); the next highest rate, was shown in plate/bar-like structure (type 2); and the plate/plate-like structure (type 1) was the most insensible. Furthermore, the bone volume fractions of cancellous bone were measured at the upper end of human femurs with and without osteoporosis. Then the measured value was compared with the theoretical value for each type of trabecular structure. Results showed that the decrease in bone volume fraction predicted by Eq. 7 was well in accord with the actual decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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