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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 2 (1992), S. 122-127 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Calcium ; Diet ; Hip fracture ; Physical activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent diet, teenage physical activity and teenage calcium consumption were examined as risk factors for hip fracture in a case-control study. Cases were 161 white women admitted to one of 30 participating hospitals with a first hip fracture. Controls included 168 white women from general and orthopedic surgical services frequency-matched to cases by age group and hospital. Information on exposure to possible risk factors was obtained by in-person interview. No association was found between recent intake of calcium, phosphorus, protein, vitamin C or caffeine and hip fracture. Also, teenage calcium intake and milk drinking were not related to hip fracture risk. Recreational activities in adolescence and early adulthood appeared to afford protection against hip fracture. The highest quartile of recreational activity (⩾4 times/week) was associated with an odds ratio of 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.75) relative to the lowest quartile (〈1 time/week).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Hip fracture ; Lactation ; Parity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between parity, lactation and the occurrence of hip fracture was investigated in a case-control study of white women. The cases were patients (n=174) aged 45 years and over with a radiologically confirmed first hip fracture sampled from among admissions to 30 hospitals in New York and Philadelphia between September 1987 and July 1989. Controls (n=174) were selected from general surgical and orthopedic services during the same time period and were frequency-matched to cases by age and hospital. Ever having a live birth was associated with reduced odds of hip fracture, controlling for age and hospital of recruitment (odds ratio =0.65; 95% confidence interval =0.41–1.04). When body mass index was also controlled, each birth was associated on average with a 9% reduction in the odds of hip fracture (odds ratio =0.92 [0.78–1.08]), although the trend was not statistically significant. After adjusting for number of births, lactation was not associated with hip fracture (adjusted odds ratio for 12 months of lactation or less =0.80 [0.42–1.55]; adjusted odds ratio for more than 12 months =1.08 [0.45–2.60]).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; retinopathy ; platelet adhesiveness ; ADP activated platelet aggregation ; ADP splitting enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'adhésivité des thrombocytes, l'activation par l'ADP de leur agrégation et l'activité des enzymes scindant l'ADP dans le sang et le plasma ont été étudiés chez 22 diabétiques porteurs de rétinopathie grave, chez 22 sujets diabétiques anciens avec une rétinopathie minime ou nulle et chez 28 sujets témoins. On a mesuré le taux d'agrégation des thrombocytes sous l'effet de 5, 3, 2 et 1 μM d'ADP, le maximum d'agrégation atteint et le taux de désagrégation de ces agrégats. Les thrombocytes des sujets atteints de rétinopathie fortement évolutive sont apparus plus sensibles à l'effet de faibles concentrations d'ADP; on a observé un accroissement significatif du degré d'agrégation et une diminution de la vitesse de désagrégation des agrégats thrombocytaires formés dans les conditions expérimentalesin vitro. Si cela se produisaitin vivo, il pourrait en résulter une occlusion des capillaires. Cette sensibilité accrue à l'ADP et cette incapacité à se désagréger n'étaient pas dues à une différence dans l'activité du système d'enzymes scindant l'ADP dans le sang. On n'observe pas de différences significatives dans ces paramètres si l'on compare le groupe important des diabétiques avec les sujets témoins. Contrairement à certains rapports, aucun des deux groupes de diabétiques ne présentait d'accroissement apparent de l'adhésivité des thrombocytes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An 22 Diabetikern mit schwerer Retinopathie, an weiteren 22 Diabetikern mit langem Krankheitsverlauf, aber keiner oder minimaler Retinopathie und an 28 Kontrollpersonen wurde die Adhäsion der Thrombocyten, die Aggregation der durch ADP aktivierten Thrombocyten und die Aktivität von ADP spaltenden Encymen im Blut und Plasma gemessen. Der Grad der Thrombocytenaggregation, ihr Maximum und der Grad der Desaggregation wurden unter dem Einfluß von 5, 3, 2, und 1 μM ADP bestimmt. Die Thrombocyten bei aktiv fortschreitender Retinopathien waren gegenüber der Wirkung von geringen Konzentrationen von ADP empfindlicher. Es wurde auch eine signifikante Erhöhung des Ausmaßes der Aggregation und eine Verminderung des Desaggregationsgrades von Thrombocytenaggregaten, die sich unterin vitro Bedingungen gebildet hatten, festgestellt. Wenn diesin vivo vorkommen sollte, kann daraus ein Verschluß von Kapillaren entstehen. Die erhöhte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber ADP und die Unfähigkeit zur Desaggregation war nicht auf Unterschiede in der Aktivität von ADP spaltenden Enzymen des Blutsystems zurückzuführen. Bei dem Vergleich der großen Gruppe von Diabetikern mit der Kontrollgruppe wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Parameter aufgedeckt. Im Gegensatz zu einigen Berichten in der Literatur konnte bei keiner der Diabetikergruppen eine Erhöhung der Adhäsion von Thrombocyten gefunden werden.
    Notes: Summary Platelet adhesiveness, ADP-activated platelet aggregation and the activity of the ADP-splitting enzymes in blood and plasma have been studied in 22 diabetics with severe retinopathy, 22 long-duration diabetics with minimal or no retinopathy and 28 control subjects. The rate of platelet aggregation under the influence of 5, 3, 2 and 1 μM ADP, the maximum aggregation attained and the rate of disaggregation of these aggregates were measured. The platelets from actively deteriorating retinopaths were found to be more sensitive to the effect of low concentrations of ADP; a significant increase in the extent of aggregation and a decrease in the rate of disaggregation of platelet aggregates formed under the experimental conditions,in vitro were observed. If this should occurin vivo, then capillary occlusion might ensue. This increased sensitivity to ADP and inability to disaggregate, was not due to any differences in the activity of the ADP-splitting enzyme systems in blood. Significant differences in the parameters were not observed when the large diabetic groups were compared with the control subjects. Contrary to some reports, an increase in platelet adhesiveness was not apparent in either diabetic group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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