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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; retinopathy ; platelet adhesiveness ; ADP activated platelet aggregation ; ADP splitting enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'adhésivité des thrombocytes, l'activation par l'ADP de leur agrégation et l'activité des enzymes scindant l'ADP dans le sang et le plasma ont été étudiés chez 22 diabétiques porteurs de rétinopathie grave, chez 22 sujets diabétiques anciens avec une rétinopathie minime ou nulle et chez 28 sujets témoins. On a mesuré le taux d'agrégation des thrombocytes sous l'effet de 5, 3, 2 et 1 μM d'ADP, le maximum d'agrégation atteint et le taux de désagrégation de ces agrégats. Les thrombocytes des sujets atteints de rétinopathie fortement évolutive sont apparus plus sensibles à l'effet de faibles concentrations d'ADP; on a observé un accroissement significatif du degré d'agrégation et une diminution de la vitesse de désagrégation des agrégats thrombocytaires formés dans les conditions expérimentalesin vitro. Si cela se produisaitin vivo, il pourrait en résulter une occlusion des capillaires. Cette sensibilité accrue à l'ADP et cette incapacité à se désagréger n'étaient pas dues à une différence dans l'activité du système d'enzymes scindant l'ADP dans le sang. On n'observe pas de différences significatives dans ces paramètres si l'on compare le groupe important des diabétiques avec les sujets témoins. Contrairement à certains rapports, aucun des deux groupes de diabétiques ne présentait d'accroissement apparent de l'adhésivité des thrombocytes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An 22 Diabetikern mit schwerer Retinopathie, an weiteren 22 Diabetikern mit langem Krankheitsverlauf, aber keiner oder minimaler Retinopathie und an 28 Kontrollpersonen wurde die Adhäsion der Thrombocyten, die Aggregation der durch ADP aktivierten Thrombocyten und die Aktivität von ADP spaltenden Encymen im Blut und Plasma gemessen. Der Grad der Thrombocytenaggregation, ihr Maximum und der Grad der Desaggregation wurden unter dem Einfluß von 5, 3, 2, und 1 μM ADP bestimmt. Die Thrombocyten bei aktiv fortschreitender Retinopathien waren gegenüber der Wirkung von geringen Konzentrationen von ADP empfindlicher. Es wurde auch eine signifikante Erhöhung des Ausmaßes der Aggregation und eine Verminderung des Desaggregationsgrades von Thrombocytenaggregaten, die sich unterin vitro Bedingungen gebildet hatten, festgestellt. Wenn diesin vivo vorkommen sollte, kann daraus ein Verschluß von Kapillaren entstehen. Die erhöhte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber ADP und die Unfähigkeit zur Desaggregation war nicht auf Unterschiede in der Aktivität von ADP spaltenden Enzymen des Blutsystems zurückzuführen. Bei dem Vergleich der großen Gruppe von Diabetikern mit der Kontrollgruppe wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Parameter aufgedeckt. Im Gegensatz zu einigen Berichten in der Literatur konnte bei keiner der Diabetikergruppen eine Erhöhung der Adhäsion von Thrombocyten gefunden werden.
    Notes: Summary Platelet adhesiveness, ADP-activated platelet aggregation and the activity of the ADP-splitting enzymes in blood and plasma have been studied in 22 diabetics with severe retinopathy, 22 long-duration diabetics with minimal or no retinopathy and 28 control subjects. The rate of platelet aggregation under the influence of 5, 3, 2 and 1 μM ADP, the maximum aggregation attained and the rate of disaggregation of these aggregates were measured. The platelets from actively deteriorating retinopaths were found to be more sensitive to the effect of low concentrations of ADP; a significant increase in the extent of aggregation and a decrease in the rate of disaggregation of platelet aggregates formed under the experimental conditions,in vitro were observed. If this should occurin vivo, then capillary occlusion might ensue. This increased sensitivity to ADP and inability to disaggregate, was not due to any differences in the activity of the ADP-splitting enzyme systems in blood. Significant differences in the parameters were not observed when the large diabetic groups were compared with the control subjects. Contrary to some reports, an increase in platelet adhesiveness was not apparent in either diabetic group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Medial septum ; Amphetamine ; Locomotor sensitization ; Stereotypy ; Drug addiction ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system appears to play a major role in the locomotor activating and sensitizing effects of several addictive drugs. However, less is known about the neural structures that may modulate this system. Objective: We examined the effects of medial septal lesions on the locomotor activating and sensitizing effects of amphetamine in between-subjects (experiment 1) and within-subjects (experiment 2) experiments. Results: Repeated injections of 0.6 mg/kg (experiment 1) or 1.0 mg/kg (experiment 2) amphetamine over six sessions produced more locomotion in the lesioned rats than in the sham-operated controls. This repeated exposure to amphetamine subsequently increased the locomotor response to 0.2 mg/kg (experiment 2) and 0.4 mg/kg (both experiments) amphetamine in the lesioned rats, such that these sensitized, lesioned rats moved more in response to these doses than unsensitized, lesioned rats and sensitized controls did. Both experiments also indicated that this prior sensitization enhanced the locomotor response to 0.4 mg/kg amphetamine more in the lesioned rats than in the control rats when compared with the response produced by saline following sensitization or by the same dose of amphetamine prior to sensitization. In contrast, prior exposure to amphetamine decreased the locomotor response to 4.0 mg/kg amphetamine in the lesioned rats (experiment 1). Conclusions: Although medial septal lesions occasionally enhance locomotor responses to moderate doses of amphetamine prior to sensitization, a main effect of these lesions is to further enhance the effects of locomotor sensitization to amphetamine. Implications for drug addiction are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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