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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dorsal bundle lesions do not affect latent inhibition of conditioned suppression (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Noradrenaline ; Dorsal noradrenergic bundle ; Latent inhibition ; Selective attention ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three expreiments are reported which examine the effects of lesions of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DB) on latent inhibition using a conditioned suppression procedure in rats. In none of the experiments did the DB lesion have any effect, despite changes in the extent of latent inhibition and in the control procedures used to assess it. The results are discussed in relation to the attentional theory of DB function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431465
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to extinction after schedules of partial delay or partial reinforcement in rats with hippocampal lesions (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus lesion ; Partial reinforcement ; Delay of reinforcement ; Inter-trial interval ; Inter-event interval ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two experimental procedures were employed to establish the reason why hippocampal lesions apparently block the development of tolerance for aversive events in partial reinforcement experiments, but do not do so in partial punishment experiments. Rats were trained to run in a straight alley following hippocampal lesions (HC), cortical control lesions (CC) or sham operations (SO), and resistance to extinction was assessed following differing acquisition conditions. In Experiment 1 a 4–8 min inter-trial interval (ITI) was used. Either every acquisition trial was rewarded immediately (Continuous Reinforcement, CR), or only a randomly selected half of the trials were immediately rewarded, the reward being delayed for thirty seconds on the other trials (Partial Delay, PD). This delay procedure produced increased resistance to extinction in rats in all lesion groups. In Experiment 2 the ITI was reduced to a few seconds, and rats were trained either on a CR schedule, or on a schedule in which only half the trials were rewarded (Partial Reinforcement, PR). This form of partial reinforcement procedure also produced increased resistance to extinction in rats in all lesion groups. It thus appears that hippocampal lesions only prevent the development of resistance to aversive events when the interval between aversive and subsequent appetitive events exceeds some minimum value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230907
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-ventricular infusion of the NMDA antagonist AP5 impairs performance on a non-spatial operant DRL task in the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 73 (1988), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: AP5 ; NMDA antagonist ; Hippocampus ; DRL ; Memory ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were trained to lever press on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL-18 s) schedule. They were then allocated to four treatment groups. These were: hippocampal aspiration lesions [HIPP]; implantation of osmotic minipumps for intraventricular infusion of either (a) the NMDA receptor antagonist 30 mM D, L-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid [AP5] or (b) vehicle [VEH]; and an unoperated control group [UNOP]. In subsequent DRL testing, the HIPP group showed a profound and enduring loss of efficiency, resulting from an increased tendency to respond too early; the AP5 group showed a qualitatively similar, but less severe, impairment followed by full recovery once the minipumps had expired; the VEH and UNOP groups both maintained their pre-operative levels of efficiency. We conclude that AP5 infusion disrupts temporary memory storage in the hippocampus, and that the hippocampus is concerned with the retention of memories outside the purely spatial domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279671
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The competitive NMDA antagonist AP5, but not the non-competitive antagonist MK801, induces a delay-related impairment in spatial working memory in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 349-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: AP5 ; MK801 ; NMDA antagonists ; Memory ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were trained to alternate responses on a discrete trial working memory task on a T-maze. In Experiment 1, the rats were then matched for choice accuracy and allocated to three treatment groups. These were: implantation of osmotic minipumps for intraventricular infusion of either (a) 15 mM D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) or (b) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (VEH); and an unoperated control group (UNOP). In Phase 1 we assessed alternation performance with a minimal delay between responses: the UNOP and VEH rats continued to choose accurately; the AP5 rats showed an impairment of choice accuracy, but recovered over days. In Phase 2 a 20-s delay between responses was enforced, and choice accuracy was assessed following injections either of saline or of Milacemide HC1 (10 mg/kg). There was now a severe and enduring impairment of choice accuracy in the AP5 group, but Milacemide injections did not affect performance in any of the treatment groups. In Experiment 2 rats were trained in a similar way, and then given intraperitoneal injections of MK801 or of physiological saline in a within-subjects design and tested for T-maze performance with a minimal or a 20-s delay between responses. In the first Phase, MK801 was given 10-min before behavioural testing commenced; in the second Phase, it was given 28–40 min before behavioural testing commenced. The outcome depended critically on the time between drug injection and testing. There was a significant drug-induced impairment of choice accuracy in both Phases; but in Phase 1 there was no impairment in testing with a minimal retention interval and an impairment with a 20-s retention interval. In Phase 2, the impairment was significant at both retention intervals. We conclude that AP5, but not MK801, interferes with temporary memory storage in a delay-dependent manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229412
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampal region attenuate latent inhibition but spare the partial reinforcement extinction effect (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 115 (1997), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Entorhinal cortex ; Subiculum ; Retrohippocampus ; Latent inhibition ; Partial reinforcement extinction effect ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Experiment 1 assessed the effect of cytotoxic retrohippocampal (entorhinal and extra-subicular cortices) lesions on the development of latent inhibition (LI) using an off-the-baseline, between-subjects, conditioned emotional response paradigm. Sham-operated controls and unoperated rats that had been pre-exposed to a light stimulus prior to light-shock pairings showed less conditioned suppression towards the light stimulus than the nonpre-exposed animals, thus demonstrating LI. However, LI was not evident in rats with retrohippocampal lesions. In experiment 2, the same animals were trained to run in an straight runway for food. Half of the animals were trained under a 50% partial reinforcement schedule (i.e. they were rewarded randomly on half of the acquisition trials) and the other half were trained under a continuous reinforcement schedule (i.e. they were rewarded on every acquisition trial). When tested in extinction, animals trained on the partial reinforcement schedule showed greater persistence than animals trained on continuous reinforcement, thus demonstrating the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). Rats with retrohippocampal lesions showed a PREE that was at least as clear as that seen in the sham-operated controls and in the unoperated animals. It is concluded that cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampal region selectively led to an abolition of LI, but spared the PREE. The present study thus provided evidence against the hypothesis that LI and the PREE share a common neural substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005694
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiation of amphetamine-induced locomotor activity following NMDA-induced retrohippocampal neuronal loss in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 106 (1995), S. 356-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retrohippocampal cortex ; Locomotion ; Amphetamine ; Ventral striatum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present experiment assessed the locomotor response to a low dose (1 mg/kg) of systemic gemd-amphetamine in rats with cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampus (entorhinal and extra-subicular cortices), compared with vehicle-operated shams and unoperated controls. Under spontaneous and saline conditions, both the sham and the lesioned animals were more active than unoperated controls, and they did not differ from each other. Systemic gemd-amphetamine produced increased locomotion in all groups, but this effect was potentiated in animals with retrohippocampal lesions; two control groups did not differ from each other in their response to the drug. The present results are consistent with the suggestion that cell loss within the retrohippocampal region could affect the functional response of nucleus accumbens to amphetamine. The results are discussed in terms of the interaction between the retrohippocampus and nucleus accumbens in the control of mesolimbic dopamine release and the possible implications for schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241131
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lamellar organisation in the rat hippocampus (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 28 (1977), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Rat ; Lamellae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of experiments was conducted in the urethane anaesthetised rat to determine the organisation of some hippocampal pathways in this species, using stimulating and recording microelectrodes to elicit and record population spikes. It was found that the mossy fibres, alvear fibres and perforant path were clearly arranged in a lamellar fashion. Lamellar organisation could not be demonstrated for the afferents in the stratum radiatum which include the Schaffer collaterals. It was concluded that hippocampal organisation in this species essentially resembles that in the rabbit and cat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235715
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cytotoxic entorhinal lesions and electrolytic medial septal lesions on the acquisition and retention of a spatial working memory task (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 517-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Entorhinal cortex ; Medial septal nucleus ; Working memory ; T-maze ; Delayed matching-to-position ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rats with lesions either of medial septal nucleus (MSN) or the entorhinal cortex (ECx) were compared postoperatively with unoperated controls in a discrete-trial, delayed matching-to-position (DMTP) task, conducted on an elevated T-maze. A DMTP trial consisted of two consecutive visits to the maze: an information run and a choice run. The animals were first forced to visit a randomly selected choice arm in the information run. In the choice run, the correct response was to match the choice arm that had been visited on the information run, regardless of whether the information run itself had been rewarded or not. MSN animals failed to succeed in this task, performing at close to chance level throughout training. On the other hand, ECx rats consistently perform at a level comparable with that of unoperated controls; both groups attained more than 90% correct after 192 trials. Long-term retention testing was carried out after an intermission of 4 weeks, when the same task was re-administered to the ECx and unoperated control animals. ECx animals showed significantly less saving than controls in the retention test. In contrast, when the retention interval within a DMTP trial was increased by the imposition of a 20-s delay between the information and choice runs, the ECx group was not selectively affected by this manipulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050368
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equithesin without chloral hydrate as an anaesthetic for rats (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 124 (1996), S. 288-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Equithesin ; Anaesthesia ; Chloral hydrate ; Pentobarbitone ; Adynamic ileus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 1977 it was reported that chloral hydrate could cause adynamic ileus in rats, leading to morbidity and death. The symptoms were a swollen abdomen, lethargy and anorexia. However, chloral hydrate is still used as an anaesthetic, particularly in Equithesin mixture. We report that Equithesin without chloral hydrate is an effective anaesthetic, with a slightly reduced potency compared to Equithesin itself, and anaesthesia may be maintained for several hours by supplemental doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246672
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