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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Electron microscopy ; Mutants ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Soybean ; Symbiosis ; Transposon Tn5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genome of the slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110) was mutagenized with transposon Tn5. A total of 1623 kanamycin/streptomycin resistant derivatives were screened in soybean infection tests for nodulation (Nod) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix). In this report we describe 14 strains possessing a stable, reproducible Nod+Fix- phenotype. These strains were also grown under microaerobic culture conditions to test them for free-living nitrogen fixation activity (Nif). In addition to strains having reduced Fix and Nif activities, there were also strains that had reduced symbiotic Fix activity but were Nif+ ex planta. Analysis of the genomic structure revealed that the majority of the strains had a single Tn5 insertion without any further apparent physical alteration. A few strains had additional insertions (by Tn5 or IS50), or a deletion, or had cointegrated part of the vector used for Tn5 mutagenesis. One of the insertions was found in a known nif gene (nifD) whereas all other mutations seem to affect different, hitherto unknown genes or operons. Several mutant strains had an altered nodulation phenotype, inducing numerous, small, widely distributed nodules. Light and electron microscopy revealed that most of these mutants were defective in different stages of bacteroid development and/or bacteroid persistence. The protein patterns of the mutants were inspected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after labelling microaerobic cultures with l-(35S)methionine. Of particular interest were mutants lacking a group of proteins the synthesis of which was known to be under oxygen control. Such strains can be regarded as potential regulatory mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Morphine ; Codeine ; Solid-phase-extraction ; Mixed mode solid-phase extraction ; GC/MS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Different procedures of solid-phase extraction were re-examined and a new solid-phase extraction procedure was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine and dihydrocodeine in plasma and whole blood. The effects of different types of sorbent and buffer solutions on the recoveries and purity of the extracts were also studied. Some preparation techniques on whole blood samples were also investigated. The method developed using Chromabond C18 (100) with spiked plasma samples had good recoveries for all opiates of interest: morphine 93.1% ± 7.4%, 6-monoacetylmorphine 68.0% ± 6.7%, codeine 77.0% ±8.3% and dihydrocodeine 67.9% ± 8.4%. The detection limit of all compounds was less than 5 μg/L. The blank plasma showed no interfering peaks in the GC/MS-analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Cyanogen compounds ; Lethal oral ; intoxication ; Ability to act ; Schlüsselwörter Cyan-Verbindungen ; Tödliche orale Intoxikation ; Handlungsfähigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Einschätzung der Handlungsfähigkeit eines tödlich Vergifteten kann bei der Tatrekonstruktion sehr bedeutsam sein, insbesondere bei der Frage „Selbst- oder Fremdbeibringung des Giftes“. Klinische Publikationen gehen hierauf kaum ein. Deshalb wurden 27 Fälle tödlicher oraler Intoxikationen mit Cyan-Verbindungen der rechtsmedizinischen Institute Würzburg, Hamburg, München, Berlin (FU), Tübingen, Essen und Leipzig, bei denen eine Aussage zur Handlungsfähigkeit des später Verstorbenen möglich war, sowie die dazugehörigen polizeilichen und staatsanwaltschaftlichen Akten unter dieser Fragestellung ausgewertet. Ergebnis: in der Mehrzahl der Fälle betrug die Handlungsfähigkeit nur wenige Sekunden bis maximal 1 bis 2 Minuten. Im Untersuchungsgut und in der Literatur kamen allerdings auch Fälle vor, bei denen die Handlungsfähigkeit über ca. 5 bis 10 min erhalten war. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sollen dem Gutachter als Leitlinie bei der Klärung einschlägiger Fälle dienen.
    Notes: Abstract An accurate assessment of the duration of the ability to act of a victim of lethal poisoning can be of crucial importance in reconstructing the cause of the poisoning, especially in determining whether the poison was taken by the victim or given by another. Clinical studies have scarcely dealt with this problem. We therefore investigated 27 cases of lethal oral intoxication with cyanogen compounds on file at the university institutes of forensic medicine in Würzburg, Hamburg, Munich, Berlin (Free University), Tübingen, Essen and Leipzig with regard to the victim’s postintoxication ability to act. In addition we examined the records of the respective police and prosecuters offices as well as the relevant literature. In most cases the ability to act lasted only a few seconds to a maximum of 1–2 min. However, in some of the 27 cases the ability to act lasted for 5–10 min, a finding which agrees with reports in the literature. The present study is intended to provide forensic expert witnesses with guidelines for clarifying similar cases of lethal oral intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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