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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent potency of a secondary (conditioned) reinforcer following withdrawal of morphine from physically dependent rats (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 20 (1971), S. 103-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Physical Dependence ; Secondary Reinforcement ; Etonitazene ; Addiction ; Anise-Flavor ; Relapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. On 9 nights (2000-0800) over a 25-day period, an anise-flavored aqueous solution of etonitazene, 5 mcg/ml, was provided as the sole drinking fluid for one group of physically dependent rats (MFETZ) maintained on morphine, 200 mg/kg i.p. once daily at 0800 (hence acutely abstinent each night) and for one group of saline-injected rats (SFETZ), while only anise-flavored water was available to comparable physically dependent (MFH2O) and saline-injected (SFH2O) groups. 2. Beginning 3 days after abrupt and permanent termination of morphine or saline injections, all rats were tested at intervals over a period of 287 days on nocturnal (2000-0800) choice drinking from 2 tubes (positions alternated), one contained anise-flavored water and the other, plain water. 3. Analyses of variance on the mean volumes of each of the two fluids consumed by each rat over blocks of choice-drinking tests revealed that through the VIIth test (137th post-injection day), MFETZ drank more anise-flavored water than any other group while there were no significant differences among the groups as regards consumption of plain water. 4. The evidence indicates that the potency of secondary reinforcers so generated can persist long after morphine withdrawal. Some implications for problems of relapse and treatment of opioid addicts are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404365
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of “relapse-tendencies” of rats previously made physically dependent on morphine (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 16 (1970), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Etonitazene ; Addiction ; Physical Dependence ; Relapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Measurements of 24 hr tap water consumption, body weight, “wet dog” shake frequency and free choice drinking (etonitazene, 5 mcg/ml versus distilled water) were made at intervals up to 434 days following abrupt withdrawal of morphine (from a daily maintenance dose level of 200 mg/kg i.p.) in one group of rats (“postaddicts”) and following termination of i.p. injections of saline in a control group of rats (“normals”). 2. During the first five days after termination of injections, signs of primary morphine abstinence were observed in the “postaddict” rats: transient decrease in 24 hr tap water consumption and in body weight, and increase in “wet dog” shake frequency. 3. Secondary morphine-abstinence phenomena, consisting of signicantly greater 24 hr tap water consumption and slightly higher “wet dog” shake frequency (compared with normal rats) were observed in “postaddict” rats over the 7th–23rd post-injection days. Thereafter, these differences persisted, but not at significant levels. 4. In a no-choice test (etonitazene, 5 mcg/ml or water on different occasions) conducted between the 28th and 37th days after termination of injections, “post-addict” rats drank significantly more etonitazene than water, whereas normal rats drank slightly less etonitazene than water. 5. In free-choice drinking tests (etonitazene, 5 mcg/ml versus water) conducted at intervals over a period of 434 days following termination of injections (morphine or saline), no significant differences in mean water consumption between “post-addict” and normal rats were observed. In contrast, “postaddict” rats drank significantly larger mean volumes of the etonitazene solution on every “relapse” test through the 336th and again on the 406th post-withdrawal day (but not on the 372nd or 434th day). 6. It is concluded that in the “postaddict” rat a “need” for an opioid persists for about one year after abrupt withdrawal of morphine, and that this “need” is based on long-term derangement of homeostasis. although the physiological characteristics of such homeostatic derangement differ in the relatively short primary and more protracted secondary abstinence periods. 7. The long persistence of “relapse-tendency” in rats previously made physically dependent on morphine may be based on such long-term derangement of homeostasis coupled, perhaps, with “interoceptive” conditioning generated during daily cycles of primary abstinence from and relief by morphine in the “addiction” period, through which the internal sensorial effects of opioids (morphine while receiving injections; etonitazene imbibed in “relapse” tests) may acquire secondary reinforcing properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404848
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilisierung von Uran(IV)-Alkylen durch raumerfüllende Chelatliganden: Molekülstruktur von [PhC(NSiMe3)2]3UMe (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1313-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Actinides, organo- ; Uranium complexes ; σ-Alkyl complexes ; Chelating ligands ; Benzamidinate ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stabilization of Uranium(IV) Alkyls by Bulky Chelating Ligands: Molecular Structure of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]3UMeChelate ligand-stabilized uranium σ-methyl complexes are obtained in good yields by treatment of [RC6H4C-(NSiMe3)2]3UCl (1) with methyllithium. The molecular structure of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]3UMe (3a) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. A long uranium - carbon bond [249.8(5) pm] indicates steric crowding in the molecule. Analogously the dimethyluranium complex [(CF3)3C6H2C(NSiMe3)2]2UMe2 (4b) is prepared from [(CF3)3C6H2C(NSiMe3)2]2UCl2 and two equivalents of methyllithium. Reaction of 1 with NaBH4 yields the tetrahydroborates [RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2]3UBH4 (5). The strongly temperature-dependent 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes 1 and 3 have been studied in detail.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921250603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organolanthanid(II)-Chemie: Synthese und Struktur von [Cp2*Sm(μ-OC)2FeCp*]2 (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1373-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Samarium complexes ; Iron complexes ; Lanthanides, organo- ; Heterodimetallic complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organolanthanide(II) Chemistry: Synthesis and Structure of [Cp*Sm(μ-OC)2FeCp*]2The tetranuclear complex [Cp*Sm(μ-OC)2FeCp*]2 (3) has been prepared by reaction of Cp*2Sm(THF)2 with [Cp*Fe(CO)2]2 and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240611
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallorganische Verbindungen der Lanthanoide, 89. Cyclooctatetraenyl-Komplexe der frühen Übergangsmetalle und Lanthanoide, 6. (Cyclooctatetraenyl)[N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinato]-und -[diphenylbis(trimethylsilylimido)phosphinato]-Komplexe der Seltenen Erden; Röntgenstrukturanalyse von (C8H8)Tm[PhC(NSiMe3)2](THF), (C8H8)Lu[4-MeOC6H4C(NSiMe3)2](THF) und (C8H8)Nd[Ph2P(NSiMe3)2](THF) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 395-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lanthanides, organo-, complexes ; Cyclooctatetraenyl complexes ; Benzamidinate ligands ; Diimidophosphinate ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organometallic Compounds of the Lanthanoids, 89. - Cyclooctatetraenyl Complexes of the Early Transition Metals and Lanthanoids, 6. - (Cyclooctatetraenyl)[N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinato]- and -[diphenylbis(trimethylsilylimido)-phosphinato] Complexes of the Rare Earths; X-Ray Structural Analyses of (C8H8)Tm[PhC(NSiMe3)2](THF), (C8H8)Lu[4-MeOC6H4C(NSiMe3)2](THF), and (C8H8)Nd[Ph2P(NSiMe3)2](THF)[(C8H8)Ln(μ-Cl)(THF)2]2 or [(C8H8)Ln(μ-O3SCF3)(THF)2]2 (Ln = Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tm, Lu) react with Na[4-RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2] (R = H, OMe, CF3) or Li[PhC(NSiMe3)2] to give the monomeric (cyclooctatetraenyl)lanthanide benzamidinates (C8H8)Ln[4-RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2](THF) [R = H, Ln = Y (1), Ce (4), Pr (6), Nd (8), Sm (10), Tm (12), Lu (15); R = OMe, Ln = Y (2), Ce (5), Pr (7), Nd (9), Sm (11), Tm (13), Lu (16); R = CF3, Ln = Y (3), Tm (14), Lu (17)]. The reaction of [(C8H8)Ln(μ-Cl)(THF)2]2 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) with Li[Ph2P(NSiMe3)2] in THF leads directly to the monomeric compounds (C8H8)Ln[Ph2P(NSiMe3)2](THF) [Ln = Ce (18), Pr (19), Nd (20), Sm (21)] in good yields. The 1H-, 13C-, 31P- and 29Si-NMR and mass spectra of the new compounds as well as the molecular structures of 12, 16, and 20 are discussed. The Raman spectra of the complexes 1-3, 12, and 14-17 have been studied in detail.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anorganische Ringsysteme mit Ferrocenyl-Substituenten (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1247-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ferrocenyl-substituted heterocycles ; Heterocycles with As, N, P, S ; Metallaheterocycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Inorganic Ring System Containing Ferrocenyl SubstituentsThree-, four-, five-, and eight-membered heterocycles are synthesized starting from FcPCl2 (1), FcPH2 (2), FcAsCl2 (3) and Fe(C5H4AsCl2)2 (4) (Fc = Ferrocenyl). Treatment of 1 with 2 in the presence of DBU yields (FcP)n, which reacts with (Ph3P)2Pt(C2H4) to give (7). The corresponding As2Pt ring system 9 is available in high yield via (FcAs)3 (8). The reduction of 1 with LiAlH4 yields (FcP)4 (10). A five-membered arsenic sulfur heterocycle, Fc2As2S3 (12), is formed in the reaction of FcAs=P(2,4,6-tBu3C6H2) (11) with sulfur. FcAsCl2 (3) reacts with Me3SiNSNSiMe3 to give FcAs(NSN)2AsFc (13), which contains an eight-membered As2S2N4 ring. Its complexation with (norbornadiene)M(CO)4 leads to the tetracarbonyl complexes [FcAs(NSN)2AsFc]M(CO)4 (14, 15; M = Cr, Mo). An arsenic-bridged ferrocenophane 16 can be isolated from the reaction of Fe(C5H4Li)2 x TMEDA with AsCl3. The reaction of 4 with Me3SiNSNSiMe3 also produces a condensed ferrocenophane derivative, (C5H4)2FeAs2N6S4 (17). The molecular structures of 13 and 17 have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
    Notes: Ausgehend von FcPCl2 (1), FcPH2 (2), FcAsCl2 (3) und Fe(C5H4AsCl2)2 (4) werden drei-, vier-, fünf- und achtgliedrige Heterocyclen mit Ferrocenyl-Substitutenten synthetisiert (Fc = Ferrocenyl). Durch Umsetzung von 1 mit 2 in Gegenwart von DBU entsteht (FcP)n, das mit (Ph3P)2Pt(C2H4) zu (7) reagiert. Der analoge As2Pt-Ring 9 ist über (FcAs)3 (8) in guter Ausbeute zugänglich. Die Reduktion von 1 mit LiAlH4 liefert (FcP)4 (10). Ein fünfgliedriger Arsen-Schwefel-Heterocyclus, Fc2As2S3 (12), entsteht durch Umsetzung von FcAs=P(2,4,6-tBu3C6H2) (11) mit Schwefel. FcAsCl2 (3) reagiert mit Me3SiNSNSiMe3 zu FcAs(NSN)2AsFc (13), das einen achtgliedrigen As2S2N4-Ring enthält. Dessen Komplexierung mit (Norbornadien)M(CO)4 führt zu den Tetracarbonyl-Komplexen [FcAs(NSN)2AsFc]M(CO)4 (14, 15; M = Cr, Mo). Ein Arsenüberbrücktes Ferrocenophan 16 kann bei der Reaktion von Fe(C5H4Li)2 × TMEDA mit AsCl3 isoliert werden. Auch die Umsetzung von 4 mit Me3SiNSNSiMe3 liefert ein kondensiertes Ferrocenophan-Derivat der Zusammensetzung (C5H4)2FeAs2N6S4 (17). Die Molekülstrukturen von 13 und 17 wurden röntgenographisch bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220706
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lösliche Lanthanid-alkoxide mit niedrigen Koordinationszahlen am Metall-Atom (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1163-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lanthanide alkoxides ; Tritox ligand ; Neodymium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble Lanthanide Alkoxides with Low Coordination Numbers at the Metal AtomNd[N(SiMe3)2]3(thf)2 (1) reacts with tBu3COH (2) to give the monomeric lanthanide alkoxide (tritox)3Nd(thf) (3). The chloro-bridged dimer [(tritox)2Nd(μ-Cl)thf]2 (6) is obtained by treatment of NdCl3(thf)2 (4) with LiOCtBu3 (5). The structure of 6 has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240530
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sterische Cyclopentadienyl-Äquivalente in der Chemie der f-Elemente: Monomere, homoleptische Lanthanid(III)-tris[N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)-benzamidinate] (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 2171-2181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lanthanides ; Benzamidinate ligands ; Steric cyclopentadienyl equivalents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steric Cyclopentadienyl Equivalents in f-Element Chemistry: Monomeric, Homoleptic Lanthanide(III) Tris[N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinates]Anhydrous lanthanide trichlorides react with N-silylated sodium benzamidinates, Na[4-RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2], (1a-d), to give the monomeric, homoleptic lanthanide(III) benzamidinates [4-RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2]3Ln (2-23, R = H, MeO, CF3, Ph). The molecular structure of [4-MeOC6H4C(NSiMe3)2]3Pr (11) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Absorption and emission measurements reveal that the three benzamidinate ligands produce an unusually large crystal field which is comparable with that of cyclopentadienyl.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921251003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutional isomerism in step-growth polymers: Theoretical aspects of systems with two nonsymmetric monomers (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A model was developed to determine the constitution of step-growth polymers synthesized from the nonsymmetric monomers XabX and YcdY under various modes of mixing. Depending upon the inherent kinetics of the system and the modes of addition of monomers, polymer constitution can be varied over wide ranges. Results are shown for single-stage polymerizations with all variations of kinetic parameters and mixing modes. The results show that the synthesis of truly “random” polymers is very difficult with this monomer system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted thermoplastic membranes for use as cellular hybrid bio-artificial organs in the central nervous system (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: surface modification ; biocompatibility ; artificial organs ; biohybrid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride) (PAN/VC) anisotropic membranes were chemically modified with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (5000 and 20,000 g/mol) by one of two aqueous reactions: (a) acid hydrolysis of the nitrile group to a carboxylic acid with which amine-terminated PEO (PEO-NH2) reacted or (b) base reduction of the nitrile group to an amine with which PEO-succinimide (PEO-SC) reacted. Approximately 1.3% of the bulk material was modified with PEO-NH2 whereas 1.8 to 3.5% was modified with PEO-SC as determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectra. Approximately 50 to 75% less bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed to PEO-grafted single skin fibers than to unmodified PAN/VC. Transport properties of modified and unmodified fibers were compared by passive diffusion, convective nominal molecular weight cutoff, and hydraulic permeability. Neither hydraulic permeability nor nominal molecular weight cutoff of BSA changed appreciably after surface modification with PEO indicating that pore structure was not adversely affected by the chemistry involved in grafting poly(ethylene oxide). However, in the absence of any membrane conditioning, the apparent diffusion of α-chymotrypsinogen (24,000 g/mol) was enhanced in PEO-grafted PAN/VC fibers possibly as a result of reduced sorption of the permeating protein. In vivo biocompatibility in the brain tissue of rats was judged by histological assessment of the host's cellular response to fibers implanted for 30 days; biocompatibility of both PAN/VC and PAN/VC-g-PEO was satisfactory but improved slightly with PEO grafting. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430705
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