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  • Adults  (1)
  • Beatmungsarbeit  (1)
  • Gefäßprothese  (1)
  • Key words High-frequency oscillatory ventilation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ALV ; Rückgekoppelte Beatmung ; Beatmungsform ; Atmungsmechanik ; Künstliche Beatmung ; Beatmungsarbeit ; Nephrektomie ; Seitenlagerung ; Key words Adaptive lung ventilation ; Closed-loop control of ventilation ; Model of ventilation ; Pulmonary mechanics ; Artificial ventilation ; Work of breathing ; Nephrectomy ; Lateral decubitus position
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The lateral decubitus position is the standard position for nephrectomies. There is a lack of data about the effects of this extreme position upon respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. In 20 patients undergoing surgery in the nephrectomy position, we compared a new closed-loop-controlled ventilation algorithm, adaptive lung ventilation (ALV), which adapts the breathing pattern automatically, to the respiratory mechanics with conventionally controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV). The aims of our study were (1) to describe positioning effects on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, (2) to compary ventilatory parameters selected by the ALV controller with traditional settings of CMV, and (3) to assess the individual adaptation of the ventilatory parameters by the ALV controller. The respirator used was a modified Amadeus ventilator, which is controlled by an external computer and possesses an integrated lung function analyzer. In a first set of measurements, we compared parameters of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the horizontal supine position and 20 min after changing to the nephrectomy position. In a second set of measurements, patients were ventilated with ALV and CMV using a randomized crossover design. The CMV settings were a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg body weight, a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min, an I:E ratio of 1:1.5, and an end-inspiratory pause of 30% of inspiratory time. With both ventilation modes FiO2 was set to 0.5 and PEEP to 3 cm H2O. During ALV a desired alveolar ventilation of 70 ml/kg KG·min was preset. All other ventilatory parameters were determined by the ALV controller according to the instantaneously measured respiratory parameters. Positioning induced a reduction of compliance from 61.6 to 47.9 ml/cm H2O; the respiratory time constant shortened from 1.2 to 1.08 s, whereas physiological dead space increased from 158.9 to 207.5 ml. On average, the ventilatory parameters selected by the ALV controller resembled very closely those used with CMV. However, an adaptation to individual respiratory mechanics was clearly evident with ALV. In conclusion, we found that the effects of positioning for nephrectomy are minor and may give rise to problems only in patients with restrictive lung disease. The novel ALV controller automatically selects ventilatory parameters that are clinically sound and are better adapted to the respiratory mechanics of ventilated patients than the standardized settings of CMV are.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung ALV stellt ein neues automatisches Beatmungsverfahren dar. Wir verglichen an 20 Patienten in Nephrektomielagerung ALV mit der konventionellen CMV-Beatmung. Ziele der Studie waren 1) Auswirkungen der Lagerung auf Atmungsmechanik und Gasaustausch festzustellen, 2) die vom ALV-Regler gewählten Beatmungsparameter mit den traditionell unter CMV eingestellten zu vergleichen und 3) die individuelle Anpassung der Beatmungsparameter unter ALV zu beurteilen. Zunächst wurden Atmungsmechanik- und Gasaustauschwerte in Rückenlage und 20 min nach Umlagerung verglichen. Danach wurden die Patienten nach einem randomisierten Crossover-Design sowohl ALV als auch CMV beatmet. Unter CMV wurde ein Atemzugvolumen von 10 ml/kg KG, eine Atmungsfrequenz von 10 AZ/min, ein I:E-Verhältnis von 1:1,5 und eine endinspiratorische Pause von 30% der Inspirationszeit eingestellt. Unter ALV wurde eine gewünschte alveoläre Ventilation von 70 ml/kg Körpergewicht und Minute vorgegeben. Nach Umlagerung nahm die Compliance von 61,6 auf 47,9 ml/cm H2O ab, die respiratorische Zeitkonstante verkürzte sich von 1,2 auf 1,08 s und der physiologische Totraum nahm von 158,9 auf 207,5 ml zu. Der ALV-Regler beatmete die Patienten mit Beatmungsparametern, die zwar im Mittel weitgehend identisch mit den unter CMV vorgegebenen waren, die aber eine individuelle Anpassung an die unterschiedliche Atmungsmechanik beobachten ließen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Anästhesie ; Aortenaneurysma ; Gefäßprothese ; Stent ; Komplikationen ; Key words Anaesthesia ; Aneurysm ; aortic ; Aorta ; Prostheses ; stents ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms carries significant cardiovascular risks. Transvascular insertion of endoluminal prostheses is a new, minimally invasive treatment for aortic aneurysms. The pathophysiology of this novel procedure, risks and benefits of different anaesthetic techniques, and typical complications need to be defined. Methods. With their informed, written consent, 19 male patients aged 48–83 years of ASA physical status III and IV with infrarenal (n=18) or thoracic (n=1) aortic aneurysms underwent 23 stenting procedures under general endotracheal (n=9), epidural (n=8), or local anaesthesia with sedation (n=6). Intra-anaesthetic haemodynamics, indicators of postoperative (p.o.) oxygenation and systemic inflammatory response, and perioperative complications were analysed retrospectively and compared between anaesthetic regimens. Results. Groups were well matched with regard to morphometry and preoperative risk profiles (Table 1). The use of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring, incidence of intraoperative hypotensive episodes, and p.o. intensive care was more frequent with general anaesthesia. Groups did not differ in total duration of anaesthesia care, incidence and duration of intraoperative hypertensive, brady-, or tachycardic periods, incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation, use of vasopressors, colloid volume replacements, or antihypertensives (Table 2). Postoperatively, all groups showed a similar, significant systemic inflammatory response, i.e., rapidly spiking temperature (p.o. evening: mean peak 38.5±1.0° C), leucocytosis, and rise of acute-phase proteins without bacteraemia (Table 3). During this period, despite supplemental oxygen, pulse oximetry revealed temporary arterial desaturation in 13 of 18 patients (70%) (Table 3). In 3 patients, hyperpyrexia was associated with intermittent tachyarrhythmias (n=3) and angina pectoris (n=1). There was no conversion to open aortic surgery, perioperative myocardial infarction, or death. Conclusions. Regional and local anaesthesia with sedation are feasible alternatives to general endotracheal anaesthesia for minimally invasive treatment of aortic aneurysms by endovascular stenting. However, invasive monitoring and close postoperative monitoring are strongly recommended with either method. Specific perioperative risks in patients with limited cardiovascular or pulmonary reserve are introduced by the abacterial systemic inflammatory response to aortic stent implantation. Hyperpyrexia increases myocardial and whole-body oxygen consumption, and can precipitate tachyarrhythmias. Hyperfibrinogenaemia may increase the risk of postoperative arterial and venous thromboses. Close monitoring of vital parameters and prophylactic measures, including oxygen supplementation, low-dose anticoagulation, antipyretics, and fluid replacement are warranted until this syndrome resolves.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die transvaskuläre Plazierung endoluminaler Gefäßprothesen mittels interventionell-radiologischer Methoden ist ein neues, minimal invasives Verfahren zur Therapie von Aortenaneurysmen. Wir analysierten retrospektiv die Praktikabilität verschiedener Anästhesieverfahren, die pathophysiologischen Auswirkungen des Eingriffs und typische Risiken. Bei 19 Patienten mit Aneurysmen der infrarenalen (n=18) oder der thorakalen Aorta (n=1) wurden in 23 Eingriffen aortale Stentprothesen implantiert. Die Eingriffe erfolgten in Allgemeinanästhesie (AA: n=9), in Periduralanästhesie (PDA: n=8) oder Lokalanästhesie (LA: n=6) mit Analgosedierung. Trotz erhöhten Überwachungsaufwands in der Gruppe AA ergaben sich keine Unterschiede in folgenden Parametern: Inzidenz und Dauer intraoperativer hypertensiver, brady- oder tachykarder Phasen; Einsatz von Vasopressoren, Antihypertensiva oder Volumenersatz. Hypotensive Episoden waren bei Allgemeinanästhesien häufiger. Postoperativ zeigten alle Patienten Anstiege der Körpertemperatur sowie laborchemischer Entzündungsparameter. Vom Anästhesieverfahren abhängige Unterschiede im Verlauf der Entzündungsreaktion waren nicht erkennbar. 13 von 18 Patienten zeigten passagere arterielle Desaturationen zwischen 83% und 95%. In 3 Fällen gingen Temperaturanstiege mit kardialen Komplikationen (Tachyarrhythmien, Stenokardie) einher. Perioperative Myokardinfarkte oder Todesfälle traten nicht auf. Zur endovaskulären Therapie ausgewählter Aortenaneurysmen sind neben der Allgemeinanästhesie auch die Regional- oder die Lokalanästhesie mit Analgosedierung praktikable, sichere Verfahren, sofern invasives Monitoring und engmaschige postoperative Überwachung gewährleistet sind. Die eingriffstypische abakterielle Entzündungsreaktion stellt für kardiopulmonal vorgeschädigte Patienten ein Risiko dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words High-frequency oscillatory ventilation ; HFOV ; Mechanical ventilation ; Adults ; Pneumonectomy ; Postoperative period ; Pneumonia ; ARDS ; Oxygenation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was used in a patient who developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome 5 days following a right pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. When conventional pressure-controlled ventilation failed to maintain adequate oxygenation, HFOV dramatically improved oxygenation within the first few hours of therapy. Pulmonary function and gas exchange recovered during a 10-day period of HFOV. No negative side effects were observed. Early use of HFOV may be a beneficial ventilation strategy for adults with acute pulmonary failure, even in the postoperative period after lung resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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