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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; Boutons ; Hippocampus ; Aged rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic morphometric analysis of the volume density of mitochondria and boutons in the dentate gyrus molecular layer was carried out in young (3–4 months old) and aged (26–27 months old) Wistar rats. This study showed that the volume fraction of mitochondria per unit volume of the neuropil in aged rats did not differ significantly from that in young animals. The comparison of different zones of the molecular layer (supragranular, inner, middle and outer zone) showed a significant increase in the mitochondrial volume density from the supragranular to the outer zone in both animal groups. These stereologic results are discussed in relation to the histochemical pattern of the mitochondrial enzymes in young and aged rats. Only in the supragranular zone was there a statistically significant difference in the volume density of boutons, i.e. aged rats showed about a 20% higher volume density than did young rats. It is suspected that this increase in bouton volume density could be due to the agerelated atrophy of smaller dendritic shafts previously reported in senescent Fischer rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Fallopian tube ; Proliferation ; Hormonal influence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit histologischen Methoden wurde vor allem das Proliferationsverhalten (Zellteilungsaktivität, Kernzahlen, Epithelhöhe) des menschlichen Eileiters unter verschiedenen hormonellen Einflüssen untersucht. In der 2. Zyklushälfte, in der Gravidität, unter antiovulatorischer Kombinationsbehandlung und in der Postmenopause zeichnet sich die Endosalpinx in Pars uterina, Isthmus, Ampulle und Infundibulum durch Proliferationsruhe (keine Mitosen, niedrige Kernzahlen, einreihiges Epithel) aus. Unter Minipillenbehandlung (0,5 mg Lynestrenol täglich) fällt in der 1. Zyklushälfte ein ein- bis mehrreihiges Epithel mit höheren Kernzahlen aber ohne Mitosen, in Zyklusmitte (frisches Corpus luteum) mit zahlreichen Mitosen auf. Höhere Progesterondosen bedingen in Zyklusmitte ein überwiegend mehrreihiges Epithel mit hohen Kernzahlen aber ohne Mitosen. Charakteristisches Merkmal unter Östrogenbehandlung ist in der 1. Zyklushälfte, in der Zyklusmitte, in der Postmenopause, bei Extrauteringravidität und unter antiovulatorischer Kombinationsbehandlung eine deutliche Proliferation der Endosalpinx (häufig Mehrreihigkeit, Papillenbildung, Proliferationsherde). Sekretionszeichen und Zellextrusionen sind vermehrt feststellbar. Der östrogene Stimulus führt vor allem im Isthmus zu sehr rascher Proliferationstätigkeit (hohe Kernzahlen). Eine einmalige Östrogenzufuhr erbringt im Tubenepithel schon nach 12 Std relativ zahlreiche Mitosen, die allerdings mit zunehmendem zeitlichen Abstand zwischen Östrogenzufuhr und Tubektomie an Zahl rasch abnehmen. Die Regeneration und Proliferation des Epithels erfolgt durch Teilung von Zilien- und Sekretionszellen und nicht durch sog. Basalzellen, bei denen es sich um ins Epithel eingewanderte Lymphozyten handelt.
    Notes: Summary Proliferative processes of human Fallopian tube (mitotic activity, number of nuclei, epithelial height) under different hormonal influences were studied by histological methods. In the 2nd half of the cycle, during pregnancy, during antiovulatory treatment and in postmenopausal period, the endosalpingeal epithelium of pars of uterina, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum is characterized by proliferative quiescence (i.e. lack of mitoses, a small quantity of nuclei, a simple epithelium). Under minipill treatment (0.5 mg lynestrenol daily) a simple or pseudostratified epithelium with increasing amounts of nuclei in the 1st half of the cycle without mitoses, but in the midcycle (newly formed corpus luteum) with numerous mitoses is observed. Higher doses of progesterone during midcycle lead to a predominating pseudostratified epithelium with considerable quantities of nuclei, but without mitoses. Estrogen treatment in the 1st half of the cycle, in midcycle, in postmenopausal period, during extrauterine pregnancy and during antiovulatory treatment, results in distinct endosalpingeal proliferation (domination of pseudostratification, formation of epithelial papillae); secretory processes as well as cellular extrusions are observed also. Stimulation by estrogen is especially rapid in the tubal isthmus (high amounts of nuclei). A simple dosis of estrogen produces many mitoses in the oviductal epithelium within the following 12 h; with increasing interval between estrogen application and tubectomy, the quantity of mitoses is rapidly reduced. Regeneration and proliferation of endosalpingeal epithelium are results of mitotic divisions of secretory and ciliated cells rather, than of so-called basal cells, which appear to be immigrated lymphocytes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Fallopian tube ; Ciliated cells ; ATPase-reaction ; Egg transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die lichtmikroskopisch-histochemisch erfaßbare topographische Verteilung der Mg++-aktivierbaren Adenosintriphosphatase (ATPase) wurde in den Eileitern von 18 Frauen im Alter zwischen 23 und 62 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil der Probandinnen war hormonell vorbehandelt. Die ATPase-Aktivität in den Kinozilien der Endosalpinx repräsentiert die Dyneinwirkung und kann als Parameter für die Intensität der Zilienmotilität angesehen werden. Östrogene und Gestagene beeinflussen in unterschiedlicher Weise die ATPase- und damit die Zilienaktivität. Jeweils alle Zilien einer Zelle reagieren in der gleichen Weise; das Verhältnis von negativen zu positiven Ziliensäumen in den einzelnen Eileiterregionen unterliegt allerdings charakteristischen Veränderungen und läßt sich in der Regel gut mit bekannten Vorkommnissen während des Eitransportes korrelieren. Postovulatorisch nimmt die Anzahl positiver Ziliensäume (Reaktionseinheiten) in Ampulle und Infundibulum im Vergleich zur präovulatorischen Phase stark zu. Mit Einschränkung gilt dies auch für den Isthmus. Eileiter von Frauen in der Postmenopause enthalten eine geringe Anzahl von Reaktionseinheiten. Frühpostovulatorische kurzzeitige exogene Ostrogenzufuhr führt zu einer auffallend großen Anzahl von positiven Ziliensäumen in der gesamten Tube. Eine ähnliche Behandlung in der 1. Zyklushälfte bedingt eine starke Reduzierung der Reaktionseinheiten in der Ampulle. Progesteronzufuhr in der Zyklusmitte aktiviert die Zilien-ATPase im Isthmus. Niedrig dosierte Lynestrenolgaben (Minipille) haben in der 1. Zyklushälfte einen starken Rückgang der Reaktionseinheiten in allen Tubenabschnitten zur Folge; eine solche Behandlung bedingt zum Zeitpunkt der Ovulation ein Zilienreaktionsmuster, das der durch exogene Hormonzufuhr nicht beeinflußten 1. Zyklushälfte entspricht. Die Behandlung mit einem antiovulatorischen Kombinationspräparat erbringt eine große Anzahl positiver Ziliensäume im gesamten Eileiter.
    Notes: Summary The localization of the Mg++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in the human Fallopian tube has been studied by means of histochemical methods. The samples were obtained from 18 women in the age from 23–62 years. Some of them were treated by various steroid hormones. Endosalpinx ciliary ATPase-activity represents dynein and is therefore an indicator of ciliary motility. Estrogens and gestagens have a different influence on the ATPase-activity. All cilia of one ciliated cell react in the same manner and may be regarded as a reaction unit. The relation of negative to positive ciliary borders differs characteristically in the tubal isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum and coincides with commonly known phenomena of egg transport through the oviduct. Postovulatory, reaction units increase in ampulla and infundibulum compared with the proliferative phase. The oviducts of postmenopausal women possess but a scanty outfit of reaction units. Short-time treatment with estrogen in the early secretory phase results in a great number of reaction units in all tubal segments; a similar treatment in the proliferative phase diminishes the reaction units in the ampulla. Midcycle progesterone treatment activates the ciliary ATPase in the isthmus. Low doses of lynestrenol (minipill) in the proliferative phase leads to a decrease of reaction units in all tubal segments; the pattern of ciliary reaction under low doses of lynestrenol at the time of ovulation coincides with that of the proliferative phase. Treatment with a contraceptive steroid (0,05 mg ethinylestradiol and 0,25 d-norgestrel) causes a considerable activation of the ciliary ATPase in all portions of the oviduct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Quantitative enzyme histochemistry ; glutamate ; GABA ; hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative histochemistry (scanning microphotometry) was used to determine the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41),l-glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) and GABA transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) in various layers of the hippocampus (middle one third) of young (3–4 months old) and memory-impaired aged rats (28–30 months old). For comparison, determinations of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) as a marker for mitochondria and energy metabolism were also performed. The study showed that there was a layered reaction pattern in the hippocampus and that the cellular distribution and the levels of enzyme activity were different. However, the activities of the different enzymes (excepting GABA transaminase and cytochrome c oxidase) were significantly correlated in the hippocampus in both age groups. Age-dependent changes were only observed for NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and GABA transaminase (significant increases of activities in some layers of the hippocampus, preferentially in the terminal field of the perforant path). From the present study it is concluded that,1. the enzymatic complement of mitochondria in neurons and glia depends upon layer specific metabolic processes of the hippocampus (also with respect to glutamatergic and GABAergic terminal fields) indicating a layer specific interaction of the enzymes studied to produce or catabolize glutamate and GABA, and2. the age dependent changes of the studied enzymes are very restricted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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