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  • Triticum aestivum  (7)
  • Agropyron  (3)
  • Spinal cord trauma  (3)
  • Brain edema  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of hyperthermic brain injury. Influence of a new anti-oxidant compound H-290/51 (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Heat stress ; Nitric oxide ; Cell injury ; Antioxidant ; H-290/51Blood-brain barrier ; Brain edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of brain injury caused by heat stress (HS) was examined using neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry in a rat model. In addition, to find out a role of oxidative stress in NOS upregulation and cell injury, the effect of a new antioxidant compound H-290/51 (Astra Hässle, Mälndal, Sweden) was examined in this model. Subjection of conscious young rats to 4 h HS in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator at 38°C resulted in a marked upregulation of NOS in many brain regions compared to control rats kept at room temperature (21 ± 1°C. This NOS immunoreactivity was found mainly in distorted neurons located in the edematous regions not normally showing NOS activity. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, increase in brain water content and marked neuronal, glial and myelin reaction were common findings in several brain regions exhibiting upregulation of NOS activity. Pretreatment with H-290/51 significantly attenuated the upregulation of NOS in rats subjected to HS. In these animals breakdown of the BBB permeability, edema and cell changes were considerably reduced. Our results suggest that hyperthermic brain injury is associated with a marked upregulation of NOS activity in the CNS and this upregulation of NOS and concomitant cell injury can be reduced by prior treatment with an antioxidant compound H 290/51. These observations indicate that oxidative stress seems to be an important endogenous signals for NOS upregulation and cell reaction in hyperthermic brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345249
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity in traumatized spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) ; Spinal cord trauma ; Ventral horn ; p-Chlorophenyl alanine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in the early tissue reactions occurring in spinal cord trauma was examined in a rat model using an immunocytochemical technique. The injury was made in the form of a 5-mm long and 2.5-mm wide lesion of the right dorsal horn at the level of T10–11. Injured rats, pretreated with the 5-HT synthesis blocking agent, p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA) were compared with untreated injured controls and the animals were allowed to survive for 5 h. The distribution of 5-HT was examined in proximal and distal cross-sections of the cord, located 2 and 5 mm away from the injury. Normal rats showed immunoreactive material in nerve cell processes and in a few nerve cell bodies of the ventral horns. The trauma to the spinal cord caused a marked increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in the segments located 2 mm proximal and distal to the injury, particularly in the ipsilateral ventral horn. The segment located 5 mm distal to the lesion showed a similar increase in immunoreactivity but it was apparently less pronounced in the corresponding proximal segment. Treatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the trauma-induced increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in all the segments. These immunohistochemical findings were in line with the changes in the contents of 5-HT measured biochemically in corresponding spinal cord segments. At the onset of the trauma to the spinal cord 5-HT is thus present in the tissue, mainly in the form of 5-HT-containing nerve cell processes. Biochemical determinations also revealed that there is an increased amount of 5-HT in the traumatized spinal cord. The present study indicates that this is at least partly due to an increased amount of 5-HT in neurons and nerve cell processes of the perifocal region. The pathophysiollogical significance of the observed 5-HT-reaction in spinal cord injury is not known in all its details. However, 5-HT might be implicated in such tissue reaction, such as increased microvascular permea bility and edema formation occurring in the early period after trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294216
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-Chlorophenylalanine, a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, reduces the response of glial fibrillary acidic protein induced by trauma to the spinal cord (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 422-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord trauma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Serotonin ; p-Chlorophenylalanine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possibility that serotonin may influence the early response of astrocytes around a spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model by making a unilateral incision into the right dorsal horn of the T10-11 segments. One group of rats received a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) before injury in doses which cause a depletion of serotonin in the cord. Another group of traumatised rats did not receive p-CPA. All animals were allowed to survive for 5 h. Samples for immunohistochemistry were taken from the T9, T10-11 and T12 segments of the cord. Paraffin sections were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin complex technique. Trauma to the cord resulted in a marked increase of GFAP immunoreactivity in all the investigated segments, particularly in the ipsilateral side. Pretreatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the GFAP response. This drug did not by itself influence the GFAP immunoreactivity of the cord of untraumatised rats. Our results show that trauma to the spinal cord induces a rapid enhancement of GFAP immunoreactivity in the cord which is present even far away from the primary lesion. This response can be prevented by pretreatment with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA. The results indicate that serotonin influences the increase of GFAP immunoreactivity following spinal cord injury either directly or indirectly, for instance by its microvascular reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228575
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early perifocal cell changes and edema in traumatic injury of the spinal cord are reduced by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord trauma ; Edema ; Myelin basic protein ; Indomethacin ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that prostaglandins participate in the formation of perifocal edema and cell changes following a localized trauma to the spinal cord was investigated in a rat model. A laminectomy was performed in urethane-anesthetized animals at the thoracic T10–11 segment. Using a scalpel blade a unilateral lesion, about 2 mm deep and 5 mm long was made 1 mm to the right of the midline. The deepest part of the injury occupied Rexed's lamina VII of the dorsal horn. Animals were pretreated with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min prior to trauma). Five hours after the injury the water content was determined and cell changes in and around the primary lesion were examined by light and electron microscopy. Normal and injured rats without indomethacin pretreatment served as controls. Untreated injured rats showed a profound increase of water content in the traumatized T10–11, the rostral (T9) and caudal (T12) segments compared with normal rats. These segments also exhibited marked cell changes in ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal and ventral horns. The gray matter had a spongy appearance and some nerve cells were condensed and distorted. The white matter contained many distorted fibers. Immunostaining for myelin basic protein showed a marked reduction of reaction product in the injured animals compared with normal rats. Ultrastructurally widened extracellular spaces, cytoplasmic vacuolation, swollen and condensed neurons, swollen astrocytes and vesiculation of myelin were frequent findings. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin significantly reduced the accumulation of water in the traumatized and in the rostral and caudal segments. The structural changes were less pronounced particularly in the cranial and caudal segments. The results indicate that prostaglandins somehow are involved in the pathophysiology of perifocal spinal cord injury and influence both the fluid microenvironment and the early cell changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227761
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new antioxidant compound H-290/51 attenuates nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase expression following hyperthermic brain injury (2000)
    Springer
    Amino acids 19 (2000), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids ; Hyperthermia ; Heat stress ; Brain edema ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Heme oxygenase ; Oxidative stress ; H-290/51 ; Cell injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Influence of a new anti-oxidant compound H-290/51 on expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) production, respectively was examined in the CNS following heat stress in relation to cell injury. Exposure of rats to 4 h heat stress at 38°C in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator (relative humidity 50–55%, wind velocity 20–25 cm/sec) resulted in profound edema and cell injury in many parts of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus and brain stem. Immunostaining of constitutive isoforms of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and HO-2 revealed marked upregulation in damaged and distorted neurons located within the edematous brain regions. Pretreatment with H-290/51 (50 mg/kg, p.o., 30 min before heat stress) significantly reduced the edematous swelling and cell injury and resulted in a marked attenuation of nNOS and HO-2 expression. These observations suggest that upregulation of NOS and HO is associated with cell injury, and the antioxidant compound H-290/51 is neuroprotective in heat stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007260070069
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New hybrids between Agropyron and wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo culture ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum (2n=42,AABBDD) with Agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,SSYY), A. trachycaulum (2n=28,SSHH), A. yezoense (2n=28,SSYY) and A. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. F1 hybrids of T. aestivum were also produced with A. intermedium (2n=42,E1E1E2E2Z1Z1) and A. junceum (2n=14,JuJu). All wheat-Agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. Cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and F1 plant production. The F1 hybrids were sterile. Attempts to obtain amphiploids were unsuccessful. However, backcross derivatives were obtained with wheat as the recurrent parent. The level of chromosome pairing in A. trachycaulum x wheat, A. yezoense x wheat and wheat x A. junceum hybrids provided no evidence of homologous or homoeologous pairing. Mean pairing frequencies in A. ciliare x wheat, wheat x A. scirpeum and wheat x A. intermedium hybrids indicated homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing. Ph gene was more effective in regulating homoeologous pairing in A. yezoense x wheat hybrids than in A. ciliare x wheat hybrid. Chromosome pairing data of BC1 derivatives indicated that either some of the wheat chromosomes were eliminated or Agropyron chromosomes caused reduced pairing of wheat homologues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265184
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production, morphology, and cytogenetic analysis of Elymus caninus (Agropyron caninum) x Triticum aestivum F1 hybrids and backcross-1 derivatives (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 750-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron caninum ; Elymus caninus ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids were produced between common wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and wheatgrass, Etymus caninus (Agropyron caninum) (2n=4x=28, SSHH) — the first successful report of this cross. Reciprocal crosses and genotypes differed for percent seed set, seed development and F1 hybrid plant production. With E. caninus as the pollen parent, there was no hybrid seed set. In the reciprocal cross, seed set was 23.1–25.4% depending upon wheat genotype used. Hybrid plants were produced only by rescuing embryos 12–13 days post pollination with cv ‘Chinese Spring’ as the wheat parent. Kinetin in the medium facilitated embryo germination but inhibited root development and seedling growth. The hybrids were vigorous, self sterile, and intermediate between parents. These had expected chromosome number (2n=5x=35, ABDSH), very little chromosome pairing (0.51 II, 0.04 III) and some secondary associations. The hybrids were successfully backcrossed with wheat. Chromosome number in the BC1 derivatives varied 54–58 with 56 as the modal class. The BC1 derivatives showed unusually high number of rod bivalents or reduced pairing of wheat homologues. These were sterile and BC2 seed was produced using wheat pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; vernalization ; cold treatment ; immature embryos ; excised embryos ; embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730659
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status of wide hybridization in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Aegilops ; Secale ; Agropyron ; Elymus ; Haynaldia ; Hordeum ; wide hybridization ; intergeneric crosses ; alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Current status of wide hybridization in wheat is considered in the light of the number of hybrids produced, the number of genes transferred to commercial cultivars and their use in world wide agricuture. Some original results are presented and results of other authors are compiled to provide update information regarding wide crosses in wheat. Barriers to wide hybridization and progress made in overcoming such barriers are discussed. Areas requiring more research are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036860
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossability and embryo rescue enhancement in wide crosses between wheat and three Agropyron species (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Agropyron spp. ; embryo rescue ; wide crosses ; crossability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soft winter wheat lines were crossed with Agropyron intermedium, A. elongatum and A. trichophorum using pollen from single plants of Agropyron spp. to pollinate wheat spikes. Not only species but also individual plants within varieties of Agropyron species differed in percent seed set with a wheat genotype. In two arrays of crosses between two phenotypically different plants of A. elongatum and nine wheat lines, one Agropyron plant gave higher seed set (overall=27.1%) than the other (overall=3.7%). The differences were significant in seven of the nine cross combinations. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that these two plants differ in their crossability as pollen parents with wheat, and suggest the possibility of occurrence of crossability genes in wheatgrasses. The success rate of hybrid embryo rescue was higher (87.5%) with cold treatment (4°C) than without cold treatment (75.0%) of excised embryos on culture media. Results underscore the significance of genotype of the alien species for crossing with low crossable wheats, and of the physical factors for improving embryo rescue in wide crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036290
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