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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of blood sampling from venipunctures and catheter systems on serial determinations of prothrombin activation fragment 1 + 2 and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 67 (1993), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Thrombin-antithrombin III complex ; Prothrombin fragment 1+2 ; Blood withdrawal technique ; Catheter ; Venipuncture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the influence of different blood sampling techniques on test results of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) serial determinations were performed. In six groups of nonrandomized patients (ten patients each) the concentrations of the coagulation markers of blood samples from central catheters (internal jugular, caval, Shaldon, pulmonary artery) and peripheral cannulas (17G and 18G) were compared with those of blood samples obtained simultaneously from direct venipunctures of the contralateral arm. Medians and 25th–75th percentiles of TAT and Fl+2 concentrations of plasmas obtained from central catheters were not different from those taken from venipunctures. When Δ mean values (catheter — venipuncture) were calculated negative results were obtained, indicating lower concentrations measured from blood sampled through central catheters with the exception of blood that taken from Shaldon catheters. Only for TAT concentrations significantly were lower values measured in blood samples taken from internal jugular catheters when compared with blood samples obtained from direct venipunctures. Significantly higher TAT concentrations were determined in blood samples obtained from Shaldon catheters. For both coagulation markers correlations were found between concentrations in blood samples from central catheters and venipunctures. In blood samples taken from peripheral venous cannulas only F1+2 concentrations correlated with the concentrations found in samples from direct venipuncture. In contrast to F1+2, TAT concentrations measured from blood samples via peripheral cannulas were determined significantly higher than those taken from direct venipunctures. Blood drawn from peripheral catheters is not suited for the determination of TAT and F1+2 due to frequently encountered activation of coagulation, while blood sampling with central catheters can be regarded as an alternative to venipuncture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701734
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring prothrombin fragment 1+2 during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy after intracoronary stenting (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 65 (1992), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Intracoronary stenting ; Aggressive anticoagulation ; Subacute occlusion ; Bleeding complication ; Prothrombin fragment 1+2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with intracoronary stent implantation are treated with aggressive anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy consisting of high-dose heparin, phenprocoumon, acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole, and the infusion of dextran to prevent a subacute thrombotic occlusion of the stented segment. In an effort to optimize this treatment by reducing both imminent bleeding complications and subacute thrombotic occlusion, the concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) were determined after intracoronary Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation in 19 consecutive patients. The F1+2 concentrations after stent implantation and before the initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) were 0.35 nm/l and 0.25–0.53 nm/l (median and 25th–75th percentile), versus 0.74 nm/l and 0.52–0.78 nm/l, in healthy subjects and 0.61 nm/l and 0.30–1.02 nm/l in 15 patients with ongoing proximal DVT. Nine days after initiation of OAT, F1+2 concentrations in both patient groups had not yet reached levels observed in patients with OAT in the stable state (0.16 nm/l, 0.12–0.26 nm/l;n=76;P〈0.0001 compared with healthy subjects; INR 2.0–4.5). Despite an INR greater than 2.0, accompanying heparinization was terminated on day 9. In two stented patients a minor bleeding complication arose after the removal of the arterial catheter. Subacute thrombotic occlusions were not observed. Since F1+2 concentrations did not exceed the upper limit of normal range (1.11 nm/l) in any of the 19 patients, the therapeutic regimen was not changed. Monitoring F1+2 may thus be helpful in introducing a more individual treatment if aggressive anticoagulation has to be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01698135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoenzyme der Kreatin-Kinase: Verteilungsmuster in der Skeletmuskulatur und im Serum bei Erkrankungen sowie Schädigungen der Muskulatur (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Isoenzymes of Creatine Kinase ; CK-MB ; Skeletal muscle ; Muscular diseases ; Surgical operations ; Polytrauma ; Isoenzyme der Kreatinkinase ; CK-MB ; Skeletmuskel ; Muskelerkrankungen ; Chirurgische Operationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In operativ gewonnenem Skeletmuskel wurden mit Hilfe der Immun-Präzipitation und der Chromatographie die Isoenzyme der Kreatin-Kinase untersucht. Dabei fanden sich Aktivitäten der CK-MB zwischen 17 und 47 U/g Frischgewicht, entsprechend einem Anteil von 2,1–4,2% der Gesamtaktivität. Bei Patienten mit Muskeldystrophie, Polymyositis, Hypothyreose, nach arteriellen Embolien, epileptischen Anfällen, Hyperventilationstetanie, Operationen und nach Polytrauma mit und ohne Thoraxverletzungen wurden im Verlaufe die Isoenzyme der CK im Serum mit Hilfe der Immun-Präzipitations- und Immun-Inhibitions-Methode bestimmt. In diesen Krankheitsgruppen ließen sich im Serum bei einem Großteil der Patienten CK-MB-Aktivitäten nachweisen. Der Anteil des CK-MB-Isoenzyms lag in allen Fällen unter 6% der Gesamtaktivität (Bereich: 0–6%). Lediglich bei Patienten am ersten Tag nach neurochirurgischen Operationen konnten CK-MB-Anteile bis zu 6,5% der Gesamtaktivität beobachtet werden. Bei polytraumatisierten Patienten ohne zusätzliche Thorax-Verletzungen betrug der Anteil der CK-MB 0–5,7%, bei polytraumatisierten Patienten nach Thorax-Verletzungen sowie dem dringenden Verdacht auf eine Myokardbeteiligung lagen diese Zahlen zwischen 5,1 und 23,6% der Gesamtaktivität. CK-BB-Aktivitäten konnten in keinem Serum nachgewiesen werden. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse ist 24–48 h nach Krankheitsbeginn bei einem prozentualen Anteil der CK-MB-Aktivität unter 6% der Gesamtaktivität eine Erkrankung oder Schädigung der Skeletmuskulatur wahrscheinlicher als ein akuter Myokardinfarkt, bei dem der CK-MB-Anteil im Serum über 6% liegt.
    Notes: Summary In skeletal muscle isoenzymes of CK were determined by immunprecipitation and chromatography. The activity of CK-MB was between 17 and 47 U/g muscle, corresponding to a quota between 2,1 and 4,2% of the total activity. In sera of patients with muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, hypothyroidism, after arterial embolism, epilepsy, hyperventilation, operations and polytrauma with and without injury to the thorax isoenzymes were measured by immune precipitation- and immune inhibition-test. The percentage of CK-MB in all sera was less than 6% of the total CK-activity (range: 0 to 6%). Only patients in the first day after neurosurgical operations showed a quota till to 6.5% CK-MB. In serum of patients after polytrauma without injury to the thorax the percentage of CK-MB ranged from 0–5.7% while after polytrauma with injury to the thorax and a reasonable suspicion of a damage to the myocardium this quota was between 5.1 and 23.6% of the total activity. CK-BB activity was not detectable in any cases. Therefore a disease or damage of the skeletal muscle is more probable, if the percentage of CK-MB in less than 6%, because in sera of patients with myocardial infarction in the first 48 h after beginning of the symptoms this quota of CK-MB in the most cases in more than 6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477252
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aktivitätsbestimmung der Isoenzyme der Aldolase im menschlichen Serum mit Hilfe präzipitierender Antikörper (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 44-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldolase ; isoenzyme ; immunochemical assay ; normal range ; acute hepatitis ; Aldolase ; Isoenzyme ; Immunchemischer Versuch ; Normwert ; akute Hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Isoenzyme der Aldolase im Serum wurden mit Hilfe präzipitierender Antikörper bestimmt. Das Isoenzymmuster bei 130 gesunden Personen, aus einem Normwertprogramm ausgewählt, ergab folgende Werte: Gesamt-Aldolase 0,8, 1,6, 2,5 U/L, Isoenzym A 0,6, 1,2, 1,9 U/L, Isoenzym B 0,0, 0,2 0,7 U/L und Isoenzym C 0,0, 0,1, 0,4 U/L ausgedrückt als $$\bar x$$ ±2s. Der Vergleich der Histogramme zeigt, daß die Werteverteilung bei Messung der Gesamtaldolase sich bei Gesunden und Hepatitis-Kranken überschneidet. Bei Messung der Aldolase B kommt es zu keiner Überschneidung der Werteverteilung. Eine Differenzierung zwischen Gesunden und Kranken mit akuter Hepatitis ist möglich.
    Notes: Summary Analysis of human serum aldolase isoenzymes A, B and C activities was performed by means of a recently developed immunochemical assay. Isoenzyme patterns were established in 130 healthy subjects selected from a normal range research program. Total aldolase activity ranged from 0.8, 1.6, 2.5 U/L, Ald A from 0.6, 1.2, 1.9 U/L, Ald B 0.0, 0.2, 0.7 U/L, Ald C 0.0, 0.1, 0.4 U/L expressed as $$\bar x$$ ±2s range. Comparing the histograms of total aldolase activity in patients with acute hepatitis and normal controls, an almost identical frequency distribution in both groups was observed. However, histograms of aldolase isoenzyme B values of these groups were practically completely separated. Thus in contrast with total aldolase activity, the determination of aldolase isoenzyme B activity is a useful criterion in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466857
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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