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  • In vitro testing  (2)
  • Alloplastic replacement  (1)
  • Arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdienne postérieure  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Spinal biomechanics Stiffness ; Motion ; Calf ; In vitro testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The availability of human cadaveric spine specimens for in vitro tests is limited and the risk of infection is now of vital concern. As an alternative or supplement, calf spines have been used as models for human spines, in particular to evaluate spinal implants. However, neither qualitative nor quantitative biomechanical data on calf spines are available for comparison with data on human specimens. The purpose of this study was to determine the fundamental biomechanical properties of calf spines and to compare them with existing data from human specimens. Range of motion, neutral zone, and stiffness properties of thoracolumbar calf spines (T6-L6) were determined under pure moment loading in flexion and extension, axial left/right rotation and right/left lateral bending. Biomechanical similarities were observed between the calf and reported human data, most notably in axial rotation and lateral bending. Range of motion in the lumbar spine in flexion and extension was somewhat less in the calf than that typically reported for the human, though still within the range. These results suggest that the calf spine can be considered on a limited basis as a model for the human spine in certain in vitro tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; Biomechanics ; Implant testing ; In vitro testing ; Test standard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New implants and new surgical approaches should be tested in vitro for primary stability in standardized laboratory tests in order to decide the most appropriate approach before being accepted for clinical use. Due to the complex and still unknown loading of the spine in vivo a variety of different test loading conditions have been used, making comparison of the results from different groups almost impossible. This recommendation was developed in a series of workshops with research scientists, orthopedic and trauma surgeons, and research and development executives from spinal implant companies. The purpose was to agree on in vitro testing conditions that would allow results from various research groups to be compared. This paper describes the recommended loading methods, specimen conditions, and analysis parameters resulting from these workshops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Biomécanique ; Rachis cervical ; Fracture de l'odontoïde ; Instabilité atlanto-axoïdienne ; Arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdienne postérieure ; Biomechanics ; Cervical spine ; Odontoid fracture ; Atlantoaxial instability ; Posterior atlantoaxial fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Unstable C1-C2 segments are generally treated surgically. Depending on the indication a direct screw fixation of the odontoid or a C1-C2 arthrodesis is a possible technique. In this experimental in vitro study the three different atlantoaxial fusion techniques by Gallie, Brooks, and Magerl were compared biomechanically. Sixteen human C1-C2 segments with odontoid fractures of type II and III were investigated under standardized conditions. Flexion and extension moments, anterior, and posterior shear forces, left and right torsional moments were applied, and the motion of C1 relative to C2 was determined. The results of this investigation show clearly that the segments treated with the technique by Magerl with transarticular screws achieved the highest stiffness, compared to the wiring methods of Brooks and Gallie. These differences were most evident for posterior shear forces and for torsional moments. For these load conditions the ratio of stiffness Magerl: Brooks: Gallie was about 10:2:1. Significant differences for the plastic deformation of the differently fixed C1-C2 segments were found within the first few load/unload cycles, which give information about the relationship between primary and long-term stability.
    Notes: Résumé L'instabilité C1-C2 est le plus souvent traitée chirurgicalement. Selon l'indication, peuvent être proposées soit une ostéosynthèse par vissage direct de l'odontoïde, soit une arthrodèse C1-C2. Dans cette étude expérimentale in vitro, on a comparé au plan biomécanique, les trois différentes techniques d'arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdiennes, selon Gallie, Brooks et Magerl. 16 segments C1-C2 présentant des fractures de type II et III ont été testés in vitro dans des conditions bien définies. On a appliqué des moments de flexion et d'extension, des forces de cisaillement antérieur et postérieur et des moments de torsion vers la droite et vers la gauche, et l'on a analysé la mobilité de C1-C2. Les résultats de cette investigation ont clairement démontré que les segments traités par la technique de Magerl avec des vis transarticulaires, présentaient la plus grande rigidité, en comparaison des méthodes de cerclage de Brooks et de Gallie. Ces différences étaient plus évidentes dans le cas du cisaillement postérieur et de la torsion. Dans ces conditions de contrainte, le rapport de rigidité Magerl/Brooks/Gallie était de 10/2/1. Des différences significatives de déformation plastique ont été retrouvées entre les différentes fixations C1-C2 au cours des premiers cycles de mise en charge et décharge, qui renseignent sur la relation entre la stabilité primaire et à long terme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 350 (1979), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Abdominal wall ; Hernia ; Carbon cloth ; Alloplastic replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kohlenstoffgewebe ist ein Material, das sich als Ersatz von Stütz- und Bindegewebe beim Menschen wegen der guten physikalischen und biologischen Eigenschaften anbietet. An 20 Kaninchen wurde ein gewebtes Tuch aus Kohlenstoffasern zur Überbrückung eines Bauchwanddefektes implantiert. 10 weitere Tiere mit operativ gesetzten Bauchwanddefekten dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Das Material heilte gut ein, Hernien traten bei den implantierten Tieren nicht auf. Histologisch konnte gezeigt werden, daß nach 3 Monaten ein kollagenes Fasergewebe in das Kohlenstofftuch eingewachsen war und sich so ein fester, belastungsfähiger Bauchdeckenersatz gebildet hatte. Eine Zugfestigkeitsprüfung zeigte eine sehr gute Verankerung im natürlichen Gewebe und eine hohe Festigkeit der neuen Bauchdecken.
    Notes: Summary Carbon cloth is a new biomaterial which is suitable for the replacement of ligaments and connective tissues, because of its biological and physical properties. In 30 rabbits a defect was cut into the abdominal wall. In 20 the defect was covered by an implanted carbon cloth. The other 10 animals were used as controls. After implantation wound healing was excellent. No herniation could be observed in the group with the implants. After 3 months histological examinations revealed the ingrowth of collagen fibres into the carbon cloth. It had become a strong and resilient abdominal wall replacement. A physical-strength test showed stability of the newly formed abdominal wall with good anchorage to normal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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