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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Focal thyroiditis ; Granulomatous thyroiditis ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease and five cases of thyroiditis de Quervain were studied with immunohistological methods. In both focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, lymph follicles with active germinal centers were found which contained germinal center cells that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (heavy and/or light chains). Positively staining germinal center cells made up only a minor portion of overall immunoglobulin-positive cells; most of the positive infiltrating cells were plasmacytes arranged in small groups or clusters among thyroid follicles. Thus the number of immunoglobulin-containing cells differed greatly between focal lymphocytic thyroiditis, where sites of infiltration were represented by lymph follicles, and Hashimoto's disease. In the former, only a few cells outside lymph follicles stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins, whereas in the latter numerous cells within areas of coherent infiltration did. Furthermore, in most cases of Hashimoto's disease macrophages and giant cells with positive staining for lysozyme were present in variable numbers, while in focal thyroiditis they were less frequent or absent. Between these two immunohistologically separable groups, i.e. focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, there were many cases with features of both. Considering the occurrence of such intermediate forms and some immunohistological similarities between Hashimoto's disease and focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (nearly identical ratio of the different immunoglobulin classes and similar distribution of immunoglobulin-positive germinal center cells), it is likely that these lesions represent different activities of a same immunological process. Thyroiditis de Quervain was characterized immunologically by numerous macrophage clusters and giant cells that both stained positively for lysozyme. Compared with the giant cells seen in Hashimoto's disease (mainly of Langhans type), those of de Quervain's thyroiditis (mainly of foreign body type) were larger and more numerous. Lymph follicles (with or without active germinal centers) were not observed. Among infiltrating cells, numerous plasmacytes that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were identified. Their number and the distribution pattern of the different classes of immunoglobulins contained within them was similar to those seen in Hashimoto's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 331-350 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet cell tumors ; Insulinomas ; Gastrinomas ; Staining characteristics ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer ersten Untersuchungsserie werden die Färbeeigenschaften, insbesondere die Argyrophilie und Metachromasie, normaler endokriner, immunologisch identifizierter Zellen der Pankreasinsel und der Gastroduodenalmukosa untersucht. In einem zweiten Schritt werden diese Färbeeigenschaften an Insulinomen und Gastrinomen geprüft. Während die normalen B-Zellen mit Aldehydfuchsin und Pseudoisozyanin positiv und generell nicht argyrophil nach Grimelius reagieren, lassen sich die neoplastischen B-Zellen nur unregelmäßig mit den konventionellen Methoden anfärben. Sie enthalten aber häufig argyrophile Strukturen. Immunhistologisch kommen praktisch in allen gutartigen Insulinomen reichlich, in den metastasierenden Formen dagegen kaum insulinhaltige Zellen zur Darstellung. Die Malignome weisen jedoch eine besonders ausgeprägte Grimelius-Argyrophilie auf. Die Tumorzellen von Gastrinomen sind wie normale G-Zellen Grimelius-argyrophil, bzw. leicht metachromatisch und lassen sich nur ausnahmsweise wie A1-Zellen mit der Methode von Hellerström versilbern. Trotz der großen Zahl von Grimelius-positiven Tumorzellen reagieren meist nur wenige mit Antigastrinserum. Dennoch ist die Immunhistologie die zuverlässigste Methode für die Diagnose von Gastrinomen. Die Elektronenmikroskopie liefert dagegen oft schwer interpretierbare Resultate, da in Gastrinomen ähnlich wie in undifferenzierten oder malignen Insulinomen vorwiegend atypische Sekretgranula vorhanden Scin können.
    Notes: Summary In a first step of our investigation the staining characteristics, especially the argyrophilia and metachromasia, of immunohistologically identified endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets and of the gastroduodenal mucosa were tested. These staining characteristics were then examined on insulinomas and gastrinomas. Contrary to normal B cells which generally react positively with aldehyde fuchsin and pseudoisocyanine but not argyrophilic with the Grimelius method, the neoplastic B cells give inconsistent results with conventional staining methods. Yet neoplastic B cells often show argyrophilic structures. Immunohistologically, most benign insulinomas are rich in insulin-containing cells, whereas in malignant types such cells are rare. The carcinomas, however, show a typical and distinct Grimelius argyrophilia. The tumor cells of gastrinomas are Grimelius argyrophilic and slightly metachromatic, as normal G cells, yet, contrary to A1 cells, they are only exceptionally stainable with the Hellerström method. Despite the great number of Grimelius positive tumor cells, generally only a few reacted with antigastrin serum. Nevertheless, the immunohistology is the most reliable method for the diagnosis of gastrinomas. Electron microscopic results are often difficult to interpret, since gastrinomas, as well as undifferentiated or malignant insulinomas, may predominantly contain atypical secretion granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid ; Haemangioendothelioma ; Immunohistology ; Coexpression of epithelial and vascular antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of anaplastic carcinoma (ACA) and 4 cases of malignant haemangioendothelioma (HAE) of the thyroid were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Seven cases of ACA and 3 cases of HAE were characterized by coexpression of immunohistological features of epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. Expression of vimentin was common to all tumours investigated. The present study provides evidence that ACA and HAE are partially closely related tumours showing alternating differentiation. This speaks in favour of a common neoplastic cell with the potential for epithelial and vascular endothelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 6 (1970), S. 373-378 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Alloxan diabetes ; pituitary and diabetes ; growth hormone ; morphometry ; karyometry ; chronic hyperglycaemia ; free fatty acids ; Syrian hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié l'influence d'un état d'hyperglycémie chronique sur la morphologie hypophysaire avec des méthodes morphométriques et karyométriques. L'hyperglycémie était induite par de faibles doses d'alloxane et maintenue pendant 25 à 37 jours. Dans un groupe, elle a été potentialisée par une pancréatectomie partielle d'au moins 50%, avant l'administration d'alloxane. Nous constatons une augmentation du volume des cellules hypophysaires acidophiles chez les animaux hyperglycémiques (p 〈 0.005). D'autre part, le volume des noyaux de ces cellules est nettement diminué, ce qui indique une réduction de l'activité nucléaire. La combinaison d'une augmentation de volume cellulaire et d'une réduction de l'activité nucléaire traduit une accumulation secondaire d'hormone plutôt qu'une hypersécrétion. Il s'agit probablement de l'hormone de croissance, dont l'importance dans le métabolisme des glucides et des lipides est bien connue.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Mit morphometrischen und karyometrischen Methoden haben wir die Bedeutung der Acid-ophilenvermehrung in der Hypophyse bei chronischer Hyperglykämie experimentell untersucht. Bei Goldhamstern wurde diese während 25 –37 Tagen mit Alloxan erzeugt. In einer Gruppe wurde die Alloxanwirkung potenziert durch vorherige partielle Pankreatektomie. In der Hypophyse war die Vermehrung des totalen Acidophilenvolumens ausgeprägt (p〈0.005). Hingegen waren durchschnittlich die Kerne dieser Zellform deutlich verkleinert. Diese Kombination von Kernverkleinerung und Volumenvermehrung weist auf erhöhte Hormonspeicherung hin und nicht auf Mehrsekretion. Wahrscheinlich ist das gespeicherte Hormon vorwiegend Wachstumshormon. Dessen Bedeutung für Zucker-und Fettstoffwechsel ist unbestritten und diese Speicherung scheint bei chronischer Hyperglykämie eine funktioneil wichtige Bedeutung zu haben.
    Notes: Summary Pituitaries of Syrian hamsters with and without chronic hyperglycaemia were studied with morphometric and karyometric methods. The hyperglycaemic state was induced by low doses of alloxan, and maintained for 25 to 37 days. It had been potentiated in one group by a resection of at least 50% of pancreatic tissue prior to alloxan administration. A marked rise in the volume of the acidophils was found (p〈 0.005). On the other hand, the karyometric studies revealed a definite diminution of the mean nuclear area of the acidophils in the diabetic animals, indicating decreased activity. The combination of an increase in mass of acidophils and a decrease in their nuclear activity supports the theory of an increased storage rather than hypersecretion of a hormone. The hormone which was stored in the acidophils is probably identical with growth hormone. If we consider the role of this hormone in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, such a storage in chronic hyperglycaemia seems to be of importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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