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  • Alzheimer's disease  (4)
  • Diabetes mellitus  (3)
  • Psychiatrie  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis in interleukin-6-stimulated human neuronal (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma) cells Potential significance for the processing of Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 282 (1991), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Alpha 2-macroglobulin ; Alzheimer's disease ; Amyloid precursor protein ; Interleukin-6 ; Neuron
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)80460-K
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 and α-2-macroglobulin indicate an acute-phase state in Alzheimer's disease cortices
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 285 (1991), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Acute phase ; Alzheimer's disease ; Interleukin-6 ; Protease inhibitor ; α-2-Macroglobulin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)80737-N
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro matured human macrophages express Alzheimer's βA4-amyloid precursor protein indicating synthesis in microglial cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 282 (1991), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Amyloid precursor protein ; Macrophage ; Microglia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)80508-Z
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationäre Behandlung depressiver Patienten Konzeptuelle Überlegungen und Ergebnisse eines Pilotprojekts zur Qualitätssicherung in Baden-Württemberg (1998)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Qualitätssicherung ; Strukturqualität ; Prozeßqualität ; Ergebnisqualität ; Psychiatrie ; Depressive Störungen ; Key words Quality assurance ; Structure quality ; Process quality ; Outcome quality ; Psychiatry ; Depressive disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Quality-assurance activities will become more important in psychiatry during the next few years. In relation to other medical disciplines, some special aspects concerning structure, process and outcome quality as well as practical realization and methodologic aspects must be considered. These specific issues were the focus of a study dealing with the treatment of depressed inpatients. The experiences and results as well as considerations concerning future quality-assurance projects are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen werden in den nächsten Jahren in der Psychiatrie zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Gegenüber anderen medizinischen Teildisziplinen zeichnen sie sich im Bereich der Psychiatrie durch eine Reihe von Besonderheiten aus und zwar sowohl im Hinblick auf die Struktur-, Prozeß- als auch Ergebnisqualität. Gleiches gilt auch für die Durchführung von Qualitätssicherungsprojekten aufgrund von methodischen Überlegungen. Diese speziellen konzeptuellen sowie methodischen Aspekte wurden versucht, bei der Durchführung eines Pilotprojekts zur stationären Behandlung depressiver Patienten zu berücksichtigen. Über Erfahrungen, Ergebnisse sowie weiterführende Überlegungen wird berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050239
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of insulin concentration, subcutaneous fat thickness and skin temperature on subcutaneous insulin absorption in healthy subjects (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; pharmacokinetics ; insulin absorption ; metabolic control ; skin temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcutaneous insulin absorption kinetics were assessed in 50 healthy study subjects (21 female, 29 male; age 26±3 years, BMI 22.5±1.8 kg/m2; mean±SD) during 45 min after periumbilical injection of soluble human U40- or U100-insulin (0.15 IU/kg). Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured by ultrasound, and skin temperature at the injection site was registered. Serum insulin concentrations increased within 30 min from basal values of 37±15 to 140±46 pmol/l after U40-insulin and from 36±10 to 116±37 pmol/l after U100-insulin (p〈0.001). After 45 min serum insulin concentrations were 164±43 pmol/l with U40-insulin and 128±35 pmol/l with U100-insulin (p〈0.001). Decline in blood glucose levels and suppression of C-peptide were comparable. The serum insulin levels reached 30 and 45 min after U40- and U100-insulin injection were positively correlated with skin temperature (p〈0.0008), and negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat thickness (p〈0.009). In conclusion, the lower insulin concentration of U40-insulin, higher skin temperature, and a thinner subcutaneous fat tissue at the injection site are associated with accelerated and enhanced subcutaneous insulin absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408474
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancies in women with diabetic nephropathy: long-term outcome for mother and child (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; nephropathy ; pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to improve the basis upon which to advise women with diabetic nephropathy about pregnancy, we studied the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the course of pregnancy, perinatal out-come, infant development and long-term outcome of the mothers. All pregnancies of women with diabetic nephropathy (defined as proteinuria 〉400 mg/day (n=26), creatinine clearance 〈80 ml/min and hypertension in the first trimester (n=10)) followed at our centre from 1982 to 1992 were identified (34 White class F and 2 White class T) and the women and their children re-examined in the spring 1993. From the first to the third trimester the percentage of women with proteinuria over 3 g/day increased from 14 to 53% and those treated with anti-hypertensive medication from 53 to 97%. There were no intrauterine or perinatal deaths, but one child died suddenly 4 weeks postpartum. Of 36 new-borns (gestational week at birth 36(3), birth weight 2384(834) g)), 11 were born before week 34 and 8 had respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function in the first trimester, diastolic blood pressure in the third trimester and an HbA1c above normal were predictive of gestational age at delivery and low birth weight (stepwise regression analysis). At follow-up of the children (n=35, age 4.5 (0.4–10) years) the majority (n=27) were normally developed but seven had psychomotor retardation (four of them major). One child had a severe motor retardation due to a congenital anomaly. At follow up, 21 of the 29 mothers had preserved renal function (creatinine 1.3 (0.8–4.3) mg/dl and 8 had developed end stage renal disease and required dialysis (2 of whom were White class T) within 3 (1–9) years postpartum. Of those, 4 women (3 White F and 1 White T) had died. Pregnancy did not seem to specifically accelerate the rate of decline of renal function. In women with diabetic nephropathy perinatal mortality can be prevented but perinatal and long-term infant morbidity remains elevated. Women with severely impaired renal function before pregnancy are at risk for serious morbidity when their children are still young. Improvement might be made if all women were to receive specialized care and counselling before, throughout and after pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400099
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human insulin: much ado about hypoglycaemia (un)awareness (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; human insulin ; hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological effects, hypoglycaemic symptoms, endocrine counterregulatory responses and glucose recovery following the injection of purified porcine and human insulin preparations were compared in a number of controlled clinical investigations and prospective clinical trials. In these studies involving healthy volunteers, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or intensified conventional insulin therapy and insulin treated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, no differences with regard to biological effects, counterregulatory responses, hypoglycaemic awareness or the long-term incidence of severe hypoglycaemia between porcine and human insulin preparations were identified. These data fail to confirm any specific risk of severe hypoglycaemia attributable to the use of human insulin preparations in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274789
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 246 (1996), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Senile plaques ; Primitive plaques ; Alzheimer's disease ; Interleukin-6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years many studies have indicated an involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acute-phase proteins such as α1-antichymotrypsin and c-reactive protein, elements of the complement system, and activated microglial and astroglial cells are consistently found in brains of AD patients. Most importantly, also cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in the cortices of AD patients, indicating a local activation of components of the unspecific inflammatory system. Up to now it has remained unclear whether inflammatory mechanisms represent a primary event or only an unspecific reaction to brain tissue damage. Therefore, we investigated whether IL-6 immunoreactivity could be found in plaques prior to the onset of neuritic changes, or whether the presence of this cytokine is restricted to later stages of plaque pathology. we confirmed our previous observation that IL-6 is detectable in a significant proportion of plaques in the brains of demented patients. In AD patients IL-6 was found in diffuse plaques in a significant higher ratio as would have been expected from a random distribution of IL-6 among all plaque types. This observation suggests that IL-6 may precede neuritic changes, and that immunological mechanism may be involved both in the transformation from diffuse to neuritic plaques in AD and in the development of dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychosomatische Grundversorgung auf der Grundlage des PLISSIT-Modells Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Weiterbildungskonzeption (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychosomatische Grundversorgung ; Fortbildung ; Hausärzte ; Beratung ; Psychiatrie ; Psychosomatik ; Key words Education ; Training program ; General practioners ; Psychosomatic medicine ; Psychiatry ; Primary care ; Continuous medical education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Deficits in current approaches of psychosomatic and psychiatric education for general practitioners are reviewed. A skill-based training was developed in line with the four step counceling approach of the „PLISSIT” approach: The GP helps in first step („permission”) the patient to accept his problem and assesses informations about causing and maintaining factors of his symptomatology. In the second step he should provide information about the disorder and reverse misunderstanding and passivity (Limited Information). The GP’s should develop preliminary strategies for change in the third step („coping strategies”, „symptom management”; „special suggestions”) and preparate the intensive phase of therapy as the last step. First results of the evaluation of the training program are presented demonstrate the effectiveness and acceptance of the education programm.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einer Analyse der Schwächen aktueller Ansätze der psychosomatischen Grundversorgung wird einerseits ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der störungsspezifisch im Rahmen eines Mehrebenenmodells pharmakologische und verbale Intervention aufeinander bezieht. Andererseits werden im Sinne eines zeitökonomisch abgestuften Vorgehens verschiedene Phasen durch das zugrundegelegte PLISSIT-Modell differenziert: In der Permission-Phase geht es um die Akzeptanzvermittlung und Problemanalyse hinsichtlich der vom Patienten geschilderten Beschwerden, in der Phase der „limited information” um die dialogische Erarbeitung eines Störungsmodells und den Aufbau einer aktiven Änderungsmotivation, in der Phase der „special suggestions” erfolgt eine konkrete Anleitung zur Selbstbeobachtung und -protokollierung des Problemverhaltens sowie die Vermittlung von Strategien zum Symptommanagement; in der letzten Phase der „intensive therapy” geht es um die Indikationsstellung und den Motivationsaufbau zur fachärztlichen bzw. fachpsychotherapeutischen Weiterbehandlung. Empirische Ergebnisse zur Evaluation des Weiterbildungskonzeptes an über 200 Teilnehmern werden referiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050400
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Konzept der “Evidence-based Medicine” in der Psychiatrie Ein Weg zu einer rationaleren Psychiatrie? (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Evidence-based Medicine ; Psychiatrie ; Qualitätssicherung ; Datenbanken ; Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien ; Key words Evidence-based medicine ; Psychiatry ; Evidence-based health care ; Quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Many of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in psychiatry and psychotherapy are based on opinion rather than evidence. The concept of evidence-based medicine aims to bridge the gap between clinical research and clinical decision-making by integrating the best available external evidence with personal expertise. In this article, we demonstrate several examples of the non-evidence-based medicine paradigm. Then we show the usefulness and practicability of the new evidence-based medicine paradigm by using a clinical example. Finally, we discuss the consequences, chances, and limitations of this new model. We also examine the role of the individual clinician's viewpoint as well as the need of institutional re-engineering and the possible restructuring of the entire health care system towards evidence-based methods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie finden weiterhin viele Therapieverfahren Anwendung ohne dass ein empirischer Nachweis ihrer Wirksamkeit vorliegt. Die aus dem angloamerikanischen Sprachraum stammende “Evidence-based Medicine” bietet ein Konzept, medizinische Entscheidungen auf der Basis der besten zz. Verfügbaren externen Evidenz in Verbindung mit der individuellen klinischen Erfahrung zu treffen. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst Beispiele einer “Non-evidence-based Psychiatry” aufgezeigt, ein klinisches Beispiel soll das Konzept einer “Evidence-based Psychiatry” vorstellen, am Ende schließlich steht die Betrachtung ihrer Anwendung, Grenzen und Möglichkeiten in der Praxis. Zum einen wird der Stellenwert dieser Methode für den klinisch tätigen Psychiater und Psychotherapeuten dargestellt. Zum anderen werden mögliche Konsequenzen diskutiert. Diese ergeben sich für Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung der Evidenz in Form von Datenbanken und systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und in der Notwendigkeit von Umbauprozessen für die einzelne Institution wie auch für das Gesundheitssystem als Ganzes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050026
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