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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ascites ; Liver cirrhosis ; Plasminogen ; Antiproteases ; Fibrinolysis ; Dexamethasone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibrinolysis induced by the infusion of plasminogen activators into the circulation has been shown to cause coagulation disorders in ascites retransfusion. Dexamethasone is known to inhibit the synthesis of plasminogen activators by peritoneal macrophages. We therefore assessed its potential in preventing the occurrence of fibrinolysis by injecting 16 mg dexamethasone intraperitoneally in 10 patients 24 h before ascites retransfusion was performed. In addition, the effect of dexamethasone upon the activity or concentration of several proteases and antiproteases related to coagulation in plasma and ascites was analyzed on 15 occasions. An increase of the activity of plasminogen, α2-antiplasmin, and antithrombin III, and in the concentration of α1-protease inhibitor in ascites was induced by the dexamethasone injection. However, the reaction was not identical in all patients. Those patients having an increase of plasminogen activities of 0.6 CTA U/ml or more did not show signs of fibrinolysis during retransfusion. The results obtained indicate that intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone decreases the concentration of plasminogen activators in ascites and thereby reduces the risk of coagulation disorders during retransfusion procedures. Since the effect is variable and not sustained, assessment of preoperative plasminogen concentrations is mandatory in order to prevent complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasminogen ; Fibronectin ; Antiproteases ; Ascites ; Liver cirrhosis ; Tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of several proteases and antiproteases known to be present in ascites were tested in plasma and ascitic fluid with regard to their ability to separate ascites according to malignant or nonmalignant disease. Seventeen patients with proven malignant ascites and 37 with ascites due to liver cirrhosis were included. Activities of plasminogen,α 2-antiplasmin, antithrombin-III, and factor V, and the concentration ofα 1-protease inhibitor were significantly higher in the plasma of patients with malignant ascites than in cirrhotic patients. Fibronectin, plasminogen,α 2-macroglobulin,α 1-protease inhibitor, antithrombin-III, and albumin revealed higher concentrations or activities in malignant ascites than in cirrhotic ascites. Due to a wide variation of most parameters, only fibronectin, antithrombin III, andα 1-protease inhibitor in ascites had a sensitivity and specificity higher than 90% for malignant ascites. When the specific protein/albumin ratio was used, only the accuracy of fibronectin was increased reaching a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The plasma/ascites gradients of the proteins assessed differed significantly, that of fibronectin being much higher (22±7) than that of all other proteins. In malignant ascites fibronectin concentration was only correlated withα 1-protease inhibitor concentration but not with the concentration or activity of all other proteins, while in cirrhotic ascites most proteins revealed a positive correlation. The determination of the fibronectin concentration or the fibronectin/albumin ratio in ascites can differentiate malignant and nonmalignant ascites. All other proteases and antiproteases assessed are of lesser value for this purpose, although most are significantly increased in ascites and plasma of patients with malignant disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hepatitis C ; Histologie ; Viruslast ; Transaminasen ; Genotyp ; Key Words Hepatitis C ; Histology ; Viral load ; Aminotransferases ; Genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and Aim: According to the German consensus statement, the indication for treatment of HCV-RNA-positive chronic hepatitis C is not derived from histopathology but from elevated aminotransferases. The indication for liver biopsy has been discussed controversely. This study aimed at investigating the correlation between different biochemical and virological parameters and histological scores of inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective study, data of 126 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had undergone liver biopsy between January 1994 and March 1998 were analyzed. Histology was interpreted according to a defined numerical score of inflammation and fibrosis by a single pathologist. Scores of fibrosis and inflammation were correlated with biochemical and virological parameters. Results: Inflammatory grading showed a moderate but significant correlation with ALT (r = 0,33, p 〈 0.001), whereas staging of fibrosis did not correlate with ALT (r = 0.15). There was no association between grading or staging and HCV genotype (n = 110) or serum viral load (n = 57). Grading and staging showed a significant association with each other (p 〈 0.0001). Conclusion: Aminotransferases as “surrogate markers” reflect more or less the histological inflammatory activity but do not allow any estimation of the extent of fibrosis. Some patients may have a high inflammatory activity with low aminotransferases or high aminotransferases with low inflammatory activity. Virological parameters such as HCV genotype or viral load do not allow an estimation of histological findings. If prior to treatment of chronic hepatitis C liver biopsy is omitted and the decision for treatment depends solely on the measurement of surrogate markers, considerable misjudgment of the actual status of liver inflammation or fibrosis may result.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel: Die Indikation zur Therapie der HCV-RNA-positiven chronischen Hepatitis C ergibt sich nach den derzeitigen deutschen Leitlinien nicht aus der Histologie, sondern durch das Vorliegen erhöhter Transaminasen. Die Indikation zur Gewinnung einer Leberhistologie vor Therapiebeginn wird kontrovers diskutiert. Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der Korrelation verschiedener biochemischer und virologischer Parameter mit dem histologischen Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrad bei chronischer Hepatitis C. Patienten und Methodik: In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden die Daten von 126 Patienten analysiert, bei denen zwischen Januar 1994 und März 1998 bei chronischer Hepatitis C eine Leberpunktion durchgeführt worden war. Die Histologien wurden einheitlich von einem Pathologen nach einem numerischen Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrad analysiert. Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrade wurden korreliert mit biochemischen und virologischen Parametern. Ergebnisse: Der Entzündungsgrad korrelierte mit der Höhe der GPT (r = 0,33; p 〈 0,001) nicht aber das Fibrosestadiulm (r = 0,15). Weder Entzündungs- noch Fibrosegrad zeigten eine signifikante Korrelation mit dem HCV-Genotype (n = 110) oder der HCV-RNA-Kopienzahl im Serum (n = 57). Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrad waren hochsignifikant miteinander assoziiert (p 〈 0,0001). Schlußfolgerung: Transaminasen spiegeln als “Surrogatmarker” in etwa die histologische Entzündungsaktivität wider, erlauben jedoch keine Rückschlüsse auf das Fibrosestadium. Bei einem Teil der Patienten können jedoch durchaus eine hohe Entzündungsaktivität bei niedrigen Transaminasen oder hohe Transaminasen bei niedriger histologischer Entzündungsaktivität vorliegen. Virologische Parameter wie HCV-Genotyp oder HCV-RNA-Kopienzahl im Serum lassen keine Rückschlüsse auf den Entzündungsgrad oder das Fibrosestadium zu. Der Verzicht auf eine Leberhistologie vor Einleitung der Therapie einer Hepatitis C und die ausschließliche Bestimmung von “Surrogatmarkern” können zu einer deutlichen Fehleinschätzung der tatsächlichen Entzündungs- und Umbauvorgänge in der Leber führen.
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