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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: the role of dopamine receptors in the ventral forebrain (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Open field ; Nucleus accumbens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of feeding following the administration of apomorphine, systemically or directly into the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum, was studied using a microstructural analysis paradigm. On systemic administration, apomorphine reduced food consumption, eating rate and eating time; the effects were blocked by sulpiride but not by SCH-23390. Two doses of apomorphine were administered centrally. Both doses reduced total food intake and eating rate; only the higher dose also reduced eating time; all of these effects were blocked by sulpiride pretreatment. Only the lower dose reduced locomotor activity and rearing in the open field. The results suggest that apomorphine reduces eating rate by an action on dopamine (DA) axon terminal autoreceptors. We have previously demonstrated that apomorphine reduces eating time by an action on DA cell body autoreceptors. Therefore, the two populations of DA autoreceptors appear to be differentially involved in behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431545
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on sucrose consumption and preference (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sucrose preference ; Two-bottle test ; Dopamine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride and the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 were examined, in rats, in two-bottle preference tests (sucrose versus water) and in single-bottle tests, at different sucrose concentrations. Both drugs decreased sucrose intake in single bottle tests, at low sucrose concentrations, but had no effect at high concentrations; reducing drive level had exactly the opposite pattern of effects. In two-bottle tests, both drugs reduced preference for the weakest sucrose concetration (0.7%) but increased preference for the strongest concentration (34%). The effects of antagonizing either subtype of DA receptor appear to be similar to those of reducing the concentration of sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634461
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsensitivity to rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of a dopamine agonist following chronic mild stress (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward-Locomotor activity ; Amphetamine ; Quinpirole ; Dopamine ; D2 receptor ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to reduce or abolish the acquisition of place preference conditioning. In the present study, chronic mild stress was found to abolish the acquisition of preferences for a distinctive environment paired with systemic administration of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) or with quinpirole (0.75 µg) administered bilaterally within the nucleus accumbens. The locomotor stimulant effects of quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) were also attenuated in stressed animals. The results suggest that decreased sensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress results from a decreased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246965
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose ; Saccharin ; Antidepressant ; Desmethylimipramine ; Amitriptyline ; Dopamine ; SCH-23390 ; Sulpiride ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats subjected chronically (12 weeks) to a variety of mild, unpredictable stressors showed a reduced consumption of sucrose or a sucrose/saccharin mixture in two-bottle consumption tests (sweet solution versus water). The deficit was apparent within 2 weeks of stress; normal behaviour was restored by chronic (7 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants desmethylimipramine (DMI) or amitriptyline (AMI). Acute administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 1 week after withdrawal, or the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride 2 weeks after withdrawal, were without effect in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in non-stressed animals. However, the DA antagonists selectively reversed the improvement of performance in DMI- or AMI-treated stressed animals. This suggests that an increase in functional activity at DA synapses is the mechanism of action of DMI and AMI in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245655
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-, schedule-, and reinforcer-dependent effects of pimozide and amphetamine (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Multiple schedules ; Herrnstein's matching law ; Deprivation level ; Standard reinforcement ; Sweet reinforcement ; Pimozide ; Amphetamine ; Rate dependency ; Reward ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats performed on two multiple random-interval schedules, in which sequences of ascending or descending reinforcement densities were balanced between the schedules and between the two halves of the session. Using a standard reinforcer (10% sucrose pellets), pimozide decreased response rates, while amphetamine increased responding. The effects of both drugs were schedule dependent: larger changes were evident in low response rate, reinforcement-lean components than in high response rate, reinforcement-rich components. Both effects were also time dependent, increasing over the course of the session; this casts serious doubt on the applicability of Herrnstein's matching law for studying agents acting on brain dopamine. Increasing the period of food deprivation increased response rates, while withdrawing food deprivation decreased responding. These effects were also schedule dependent, but were time independent. Substituting 95% sucrose pellets for standard 10% sucrose pellets caused an immediate and sustained decrease in responding, and up to 10% of earned reinforcement was not consumed. Pimozide increased response rates within reinforcement-lean components and reinstated the complete consumption of earned reward typical of standard reinforcement. These apparently paradoxical effects may be consistent with a decrease in the rewarding properties of sucrose pellets. Despite low response rates, amphetamine did not affect responding maintained by 95% sucrose pellets but did further reduce the consumption of earned reward. These results call into question the generality of the rate-dependency principle in the action of psychomotor stimulants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244566
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An animal model of anhedonia: attenuation of sucrose consumption and place preference conditioning by chronic unpredictable mild stress (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward ; Amphetamine ; Anhedonia ; Melancholia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of, and preference for, highly palatable sweet solutions. The present study used the place conditioning procedure to investigate whether these effects result from a decreased sensitivity to reward. Rats were subjected to chronic mild unpredictable stress for a total of 4 weeks. During weeks 3 and 4, they received four training trials, in which rewards were presented in a distinctive environment, and four further non-rewarded trials in a different environment. The rewards used in different experiments were food pellets, dilute (0.7%) and concentrated (34%) sucrose solutions, anddl-amphetamine sulphate (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg). In all experiments, non-stressed animals showed an increase in preference for the environment associated with reward; in stressed animals, these effects were abolished or greatly attenuated. Chronic unpredictable mild stress, which may be comparable in intensity to the difficulties people encounter in their daily lives, appears to cause a generalized decrease in sensitivity to rewards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244188
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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