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  • Lymphocytes  (3)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (2)
  • Classification of gliomas  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Lupus erythematosus ; Cyclophosphamide ; Lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study we investigated the long-term effect of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide (CY) on lymphocyte surface antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Blood samples derived from 17 lupus erythematosus patients were analysed using two- and three-colour flow cytometry. During the CY therapy, the total number of T lymphocytes (CD3+) was reduced by 31.4%, B lymphocytes (CD19+) by 67.4% and NK cells (CD16+) by 27.4%. Six months after the end of the CY regimen, these values recovered to entry levels. At the onset of the study we observed increased percentages of CD3+ CD25+, CD3+ CD4– CD8–, CD4+ CD29+, CD19+ and CD19+ CD5+ cells. The CY treatment regimen decreased the CD3+ CD25+, CD3+ CD4– CD8–, CD19+ and CD19+ CD5+ cells, but increased the CD3+ CD8+ subpopulation. Taken together, a deficiency of CD8+ T cells associated with CD4+ CD29+ predominance may imply an immune regulatory imbalance leading to abnormal CD4+ cell activation and in consequence to autoimmunity. Depletion of CD19+ cells combined with an enlargement of CD8 cells as a result of CY therapy may reduce the enhanced immune response in SLE patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 37 (1977), S. 75-91 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Supratentorial astrocytomas ; Recurrences of astrocytomas ; Classification of gliomas ; Recurrence intervals ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report 137 recurrent supratentorial astrocytomas. The primary tumours diagnosed on the basis of a grading system with three stages were 72 astrocytomas I and 65 astrocytomas II. In the first group 14% of the recurrences were not changed, 55.5% became astrocytomas II, and 30.5% became glioblastomas. In the second group 55.4% were unchanged, and 44.6% became glioblastomas. The postoperative intervals until reintervention or death were statistically examined. It seems that the recurrence time chiefly depends on the nature of the primary tumour. The transformation of an astrocytoma I to a glioblastoma takes longer than the transformation of an astrocytoma II into a glioblastoma. In about two thirds of all astrocytomas an increase of malignancy is to be expected. From the histological picture it is not possible in an individual case to predict the likelihood or speed of malignant change. With regard to the effect of irradiation the authors conclude that radiotherapy most probably does not produce malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Supratentorial oligodendrogliomas ; Recurrences of oligodendrogliomas ; Classification of gliomas ; Recurrence intervals ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis of a three stage grading system we report 23 stage one recurrent oligodendrogliomas (O 1), and 29 stage two recurrent oligodendrogliomas (O 2). In the O 1 group after the first interval 15 became O 2 and 2 became glioblastomas. Twenty tumours of the O 2 group after the first interval were not changed, three became oligodendroglioma-astrocytomas stage 2, and six became glioblastomas. The time relation for the recurrent phase in the primary O 1 group is calculated as 42 months, and in the primary O 2 group as 22 months, but this is without significance. For the development of malignancy, especially for the change to glioblastoma, a prominent participation by transformed local astrocytes seems to be essential. Postoperative irradiation most probably does not favour malignant change. A prolongation of the expectation of life by radiotherapy is not noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Carbamazepine ; Guanylate cyclase ; Lymphocytes ; Mechanism of action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although a large variety of biochemical effects have been reported for lithium (Li) and carbamazepine (Cbm), the final molecular mechanism underlying their therapeutic efficacy for recurrent affective disorders is still unknown. The data presented here clearly indicate that therapeutic concentrations of both drugs inhibit sodium nitroprusside-induced accumulation of cGMP in human lymphocytes to about the same extent. The effect is not seen for other antidepressants, and shows pronounced interindividual variations in healthy volunteers. A similar effect of lithium and carbamazepine can also be demonstrated for the cGMP accumulation of central neurons using the model of dissociated cells of the mouse brain. The results are discussed in view of a common mechanism of action of both drugs. Furthermore, it is speculated that the individual sensitivity of the cGMP generating system of human lymphocytes to both drugs might be used to predict therapeutic response or nonresponse of the individual patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 211 (1975), S. 11-23 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Virus isolation ; Arbo-B viruses ; Toga-B viruses ; Louping ill
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein atypischer Fall von myatrophischer Lateralsklerose wurde beschrieben, dessen Besonderheit auf einer Frühmanifestation, auf einer länger dauernden Asymmetrie der Initialsymptome, auf dem Fehlen einer bulbären Symptomatik bei sonst sehr fortgeschrittener Symptomatik, auf einem ungewöhnlich langen Verlauf und auf konstanten Zeichen einer entzündlichen Reaktion im Liquor beruht. Die konstante Liquor-Pleocytose war Anlaß, ausgedehnte virologische Untersuchungen einzuleiten, die im Versuch einer Virusisolierung gipfelten. Es wurde schließlich aus dem Liquor ein Virus isoliert, welches dem TbE-Komplex der Arbovirus-Gruppe B (tick-borne Flaviviren) zugehört. Etwa 70% einer Gruppe von 19 ALS-Patienten aus Hamburg hatten mit diesem Virus offenbar Kontakt. Das Antikörpermuster des Falles ermöglichte eine Erklärung seiner Besonderheiten.
    Notes: Summary An atypical case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is described, characterized by early manifestation, a long lasting course with asymmetry of the lesions, absence of bulbar symptoms in the presence of an otherwise very advanced symptomatology, and constant signs of an inflammatory reaction in the CSF which was the reason to initiate extensive virological studies, including procedures for virus isolation. A virus, belonging to the TbE complex of arbovirus group B (tick-borne flaviviruses), was finally isolated from the CSF. About 70% of the ALS cases in Hamburg/W. Germany, examined for antibodies, appearently had contact with this virus. The antibody pattern found made it possible to explain this exceptional case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1994), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Intracellular calcium ; Affective disease ; Platelets ; Lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Many studies have demonstrated pharmacologic similarities between platelet and brain 5-HT2 binding sites. Therefore it may be possible to use platelets as a model for the central serotonergic neuron. Accordingly, a previcus report (Kusumi et al. 1991b) about elevated [Ca2+]i after serotonin stimulation in platelets of depressed patients was interpreted as further evidence for enhanced serotonergic sensitivity in depression. However, a very recent study showed an enhanced thrombin-induced platelet Ca2+ response, rather suggesting abnormalities of intracellular Ca2+ regulation in affective disorders. In the present study we have determined 5-HT2-and thrombin-induced Ca2+ responses in platelets and additionally phytohemagglutin (PHA)-induced Ca2+ increase in lymphocytes of medicated depressed patients (8 mono- and 2 bipolar, HRSD〉17) and of ten sex- and age-matched controls. The results showed no significant difference in basal calcium levels between the two groups and no significant difference in the Ca2+ response to thrombin although the response was higher in the patients. The Ca2+ increase after serotonin stimulation in depressed patients was significantly (P〈0.05) higher than in healthy controls. By contrast, the Ca2+ response to PHA in lymphocytes was significantly decreased in the patients. Our data confirm elevated Ca2+ responses after 5-HT2 receptor activation even in medicated depressed patients. However, Ca2+ responses in lymphocytes were decreased. Together with the observations of an enhanced Ca2+ response in platelets after thrombin stimulation, we speculate that the findings rather suggest alterations of [Ca2]i regulation in depression than specific changes of serotonergic sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Togavirus ; Flavivirus ; Schu virus ; Experimental reproduction of ALS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem Liquor eines Patienten mit mehrjähriger amyotropher Lateralsklerose, aber mit langdauernder Pleozytose, wurde ein Virus isoliert und durch Serienblindpassagen an Mäusebabys adaptiert. Es gehört zum sog. TbE-Komplex der Togavirus-Gruppe B. Gehirnhomogenat von Babymäusen der 13. Passage wurde auf Mäuse, Hamster und Cynomolgus-Affen verimpft. Bei den Hamstern entwickelten sich nach subkutaner Impfung Abmagerung und Parese der Hinterbeine. Histologisch fanden sich bei mehreren Tieren petechiale Blutungen und Zelluntergänge mit entzündlicher Reaktion in der grauen Substanz. Versuche mit wiederholten Impfungen von Hamstern mit verschiedenen Flavivirusstämmen in hoher Verdünnung sprechen dafür, daß sich bei dieser Versuchsanordnung Krankheitsbilder nach Art der Slow-Virus-Erkrankungen entwickeln mit fehlender enzephalitischer Reaktion und vorwiegendem Zelluntergang in Vorderhornzellen mit nur geringer entzündlicher Komponente. Intracerebrale Verimpfung von Schu-Virus erzeugte bei Cynomolgus-Affen eine stürmische Meningoencephalitis mit epileptischen Erscheinungen, Ataxie, spastischen oder schlaffen Lähmungen. Nach subkutaner Applikation des Virus kam es zur langsamen Ausbreitung der Infektion entlang des peripheren Nerven über die vorderen Wurzeln ins Rückenmark mit Untergang der motorischen Vorderhornzellen. Schließlich wurde auch das Gehirn erreicht. Die in den Versuchstieren gefundenen histologischen Läsionen lassen den Schluß zu, daß der Patient, aus dessen Liquor das Virus isoliert wurde, an den Folgen der Infektion mit diesem Virus erkrankt war. Daraus ergibt sich die Schlußfolgerung, daß zumindest ein Teil der als amyotrophe Lateralsklerose diagnostizierten Fälle ihre Erkrankung einer Arbovirusinfektion verdanken.
    Notes: Summary A virus isolated from the CSF of a patient who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for 7 years, and prolonged pleocytosis in the CSF, was adapted to suckling mouse brain by subsequent serial blind passages. This Schu virus belongs to the tick-borne encephalitis complex of the genus Flavivirus (Togaviridae). Suckling mouse brain homogenate of the 13th passage was used for transmission experiments in various species of laboratory animals. Golden hamsters infected subcutaneously fell ill after a number of months, lost weight, and had paresis of the legs. Histologically they had petechial hemorrhages in different parts of the CNS and inflammatory changes in the gray substance of the spinal cord. Pilot studies with repeated inoculations of small doses of different flavivirus strains suggest a course of the disease in experimental animals which resembles slow-virus infections insofar as no encephalitis is produced and degenerative changes of the anterior horn cells prevail over inflammatory signs in the spinal cord. After intracerebral application of Schu virus, cynomolgus monkeys developed the typical lesions of togavirus panencephalitis with epileptic seizures, ataxia, and paresis. After subcutaneous application, the virus seems to spread along peripheral nerves to anterior spinal roots and spinal cord, where mainly motor neurons of the anterior horn are damaged, and from there to the brain. The histological findings are such that one may assume the disease of the patient was due to the infection with the virus isolated from his CSF. Therefore, the hypothesis may be advanced that at least some of the cases diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are due to a togavirus infection.
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