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  • Engineering General  (4)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2)
  • Bone  (2)
  • Ehrlich ascites tumor  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 141-145 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie ; Knochen ; Histotomographie ; Key words Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Bone ; Histotomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Objectives: Fixation (formalin), decalcification (sections) or mechanical treatment (grinding) all bear the risk of artifacts occurring during hard-tissue histology. Because studies on the etiology of pathological changes mostly focus on subclinical lesions, artifacts can simulate early changes or even be superimposed on existing changes. The objective of this study was to determine how artifacts can be reduced. Material and methods: In confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) a focused laser beam scans the surface of the specimens and penetrates into the tissue. The intensity of the remitted light is recorded. The confocal effect is due to an extremely small aperture (pinhole), excluding light from out-of-focus planes of the sample. By stepwise movement of the object table, a tomographic series of tomographic images is obtained. Sound cortical bone samples of the lower jaw (n = 20) were studied by light microscopy and by CLSM, visualizing identical areas of a ground sectioned sample after H & E staining. Additionally, embedded and fresh blocks of tissue of the same bone sample were studied histotomographically in the CLSM. Results: (1) Light microscopic micromorphology of cortical bone can be visualized adequately in the CLSM; (2) many structures that can be visualized by light microscopy only after special staining (e.g., osteozyte processes) can be visualized by the CLSM using sample blocks without pretreatment. Conclusion: (1) Nondestructive subsurface histotomography by CLSM totally excludes mechanical artifacts; (2) physicochemical artifacts can be handled more easily because fresh samples can be studied; (3) pseudo-three-dimensional imaging allows histological interpretation of the tissue that is equivalent to macroscopic tomographic techniques (CT, MRT).
    Notes: Durch Fixierung (Formalin), Entkalkung (Schnitte) oder mechanische Bearbeitung (Schliffe) besteht bei der Hartgewebshistologie das Risiko physikalisch-chemischer oder mechanischer Artefakte. Da Studien zur Ätiopathogenese pathologischer Veränderungen meist auf subklinische Läsionen zielen, besteht die Gefahr, daß Artefakte frühe Veränderungen vortäuschen oder vorhandene überdecken. Es wird der Frage einer artefaktminimierten Histologie nachgegangen. Bei der konfokalen Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie (CLSM) rastert ein monochromatischer Laserstrahl über die Probenoberfläche und dringt in das Gewebe ein. Die Intensität der remittierten Strahlung wird in einem Detektor gemessen. Durch eine konfokale Blende (pinhole) erreicht nur Laserlicht aus einer extrem dünnen In-Fokus-Ebene den Detektor, so daß schrittweises Bewegen des Objekttischs eine tomographische Serie von Einzelbildern visualisiert. Gesunde kortikale Knochenproben des Unterkiefers (n = 20) wurden durchlichtmikroskopisch und im CLSM untersucht: Dabei wurden identische Probenareale an Dünnschliffen nach HE-Färbung visualisiert. Außerdem wurden eingebettete und frische Gewebeblöcke derselben Knochenproben im CLSM histotomographiert. Als Ergebnisse wurden gefunden: 1. Lichtmikroskopische Mikromorphologie kortikalen Knochens ist im CLSM valide visualisierbar. 2. Viele lichtmikroskopisch erst nach Spezialfärbungen darstellbare Strukturen (z.B. Osteozytenfortsätze) können im CLSM an Probenblöcken ohne Vorbereitung mikroskopiert werden. Hieraus können folgende Schlußfolgerungen gezogen werden: 1. Die zerstörungsfreie Histotomographie des CLSM unter der Probenoberfläche vermeidet mechanische Artefakte völlig. 2. Physikalisch-chemische Artefakte werden kontrollierbar, da auch frische Proben mikroskopiert werden können. 3. Die pseudo-dreidimensionale Darstellung erlaubt eine histologische Gewebeinterpretation, die makroskopischen Schichtbildverfahren (CT, MRT) vergleichbar ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 44-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Metallocene dichlorides ; cis-Diammine-dichloroplatinum(II) ; Ehrlich ascites tumor ; Cytokinetics in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of in vitro application of the cytostatic agents titanocene dichloride (TDC), vanadocene dichloride (VDC), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) on the cytokinetic behavior of EAT cells was investigated. All three substances induced similar cytokinetic phenomena that are characterized on the one hand, by an accumulation of cells in the late S phase and in the G2 phase during exposure periods of 8 to 20 h. On the other hand, some cells were apparently arrested at the end of the G1 phase and, after removal of the cytostatic agents, moved through the following S, G2, and M phases as synchronized cell populations. In view of this unusual cytokinetic pattern of multiple effects, it is argued that the striking similarities in cytokinetic behavior after treatment with the three different cytostatic substances indicate analogies in their molecular mechanisms of action. The different alteration patterns observed after in vivo application of the drugs are obviously due to additional processes occurring only in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 3 (1999), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie ; Dunkelfeldmikroskopie ; Bisbenzimidmarkierung ; Knochen ; Strahlenfolgen ; Radiogener Osteozytentod ; Key words Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Microscopy ; Bisbenzimide labelling ; Bone ; Radiation effects ; Osteocytes ; Osteoradionecrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Early radiation effects on human bone may lead to osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Direct bone cellular lesions [28] as well as fibrous degeneration of blood vessels [21] are considered to be pathologically relevant. Only few data on initial subclinical radiation effects are available. Patients were grouped according to the dose of radiation and clinical findings. Group 1: sound human bone of lower jaw, mostly collected during orthodontic surgery (n = 10 patients); group 2: specimens of lower jaw from patients with ORN (n = 12 patients); group 3: specimens of lower jaw from patients with head and neck cancer who were preoperatively treated with 36 Gy radiation; group 4: specimens of lower jaw from patients with head and neck cancer (n = 9) who were treated with 60–70 Gy radiation. Specimens were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), by conventional light microscopy (DL) and by flourescence darkfield microscopy (DFM) after bisbenzimide staining (H 33258) of the viable cellular nuclei. For the correlating study of identical areas in CLSM and DL the specimens were prepared according to the sawing and grinding technique [8]. All the radiated bony specimens, regardless of the dose of radiation, showed areas of extensive or total loss of vitality of the osteocytes. This finding was also evident after 36 Gy and a short interval between radiation and sample collection (group 3). Additionally, in CLSM micromorphologic lesions of the lamellate structure were seen. With these results we can confirm the loss of vitality of the osteocytes as an initial radiation effect as described earlier [10, 23, 28]. In addition to these findings, alteration of the lamellate microstructure was found in the early phase after radiation. The functional and mechanical significance of these findings should be the subject of further studies.
    Notes: Für die infizierte Osteoradionekrose (IORN) des Kiefers werden unterschiedliche pathogenetische Mechanismen initialer Strahlenfolgen im Knochen diskutiert: Wichtige Parameter sind dabei die direkte Zellschädigung der Osteozyten [28] und die Gefäßfibrosierung [21]. Bislang liegen wenige Kenntnisse zum Ausmaß der initialen, subklinischen Veränderungen vor. 4 Probengruppen wurden anhand verschiedener Patientenkollektive definiert: Gruppe 1: gesunde Unterkieferproben meist von orthodontischen Operationen (n = 10 Patienten); Gruppe 2: Unterkieferproben mit manifester IORN (n = 12 Patienten); Grruppe 3: Unterkieferproben nach 36 Gy präoperativer Radio(chemo)therapie (n = 9 Patienten); Gruppe 4: Unterkieferproben nach 60–70 Gy Bestrahlung ohne Hinweise auf IORN (n = 9 Patienten). Alle Proben wurden histotomographisch mit konfokaler Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie (CLSM), durchlichtmikroskopisch (DL) und dunkelfeldmikroskopisch (DFM) nach Fluoreszenzmarkierung des intakten Zellkerns (Bisbenzimid H 33258) untersucht. Korrelierende Histologien identischer Probenareale erfolgten an Trenndünnschliffen [8]. Als Ergebnisse wurden gefunden: 1. Alle unterschiedlich bestrahlte Knochenproben zeigten Areale mit weitgehendem bis vollständigem Verlust vitaler Osteozyten. Diese Strahlenfolge trat auch schon nach 36 Gy und kurzem Intervall bis zur Operation (Gruppe 3) auf. 2. Im CLSM zeigten sich zusätzlich mikromorphologische Veränderungen der lamellären Struktur, die zwischen den Probengruppen progredient waren. Hieraus können folgende Schlußfolgerungen gezogen werden: 1. Der vorbeschriebene Vitalitätsverlust der Osteozyten [10, 23, 28] konnte als sehr frühe, initiale, radiogene Läsion bestätigt werden. 2. Zusätzlich zeigten sich Veränderungen der lamellären Mikroarchitektur des Knochens als frühe und im Gruppenvergleich progrediente Strahlenläsion. Die mikromechanisch funktionelle Bedeutung dieser Veränderung muß in weiterführenden Untersuchungen eruiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 102 (1981), S. 21-30 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) ; Titanocene dichloride ; Vanadocene dichloride ; Ehrlich ascites tumor ; Pulse-cytophotometry ; cis-Diammindichloroplatin(II) ; Titanocen-dichlorid ; Vanadocen-dichlorid ; Ehrlich-Aszites-Tumor ; Impulscytophotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gegenstand der Untersuchungen ist der Einfluß einer in-vivo-Behandlung mit optimal tumorhemmenden Dosen von cis-Diammindichloroplatin(II) (DDP), Titanocen-dichlorid (TDC) und Vanadocen-dichlorid (VDC) auf das impulscytophotometrisch bestimmte DNA-Verteilungsmuster und die Mitoseaktivität von EAT-Zellen. Während DDP eine sofortige und langandauernde Unterdrückung der Zellteilungen, jedoch keine Veränderung des zellkinetischen Verhaltens von EAT-Zellen bewirkt, verursacht TDC die Ausbildung eines deutlichen,: 10–12 h nach Behandlung maximalen G2-Blocks. Im Falle von DDP und TDC werden die Tumorzellen einige Tage nach Behandlung durch Zellen des wirtstiereigenen Abwehrsystems beseitig. VDC hingegen ruft die Entstehung teilsynchroner Wellen nach einer vorübergehenden Mitosehemmung und einer reversiblen Zellakkumulation in der späten S-und der G2-Phase hervor. Darüber hinaus werden 5–16% der Zellen nach VDC-Behandlung polyploid.
    Notes: Summary The influence of an in vivo treatment with optimally tumor-inhibiting doses of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP), titanocene dichloride (TDC), and vanadocene dichloride (VDC) on the DNA distribution pattern, determined by pulse-cytophotometry, and on the, mitotic activity of EAT cells is investigated. Whereas DDP causes an immediate and, long-lasting decrease of mitoses but no disturbances of the EAT cell kinetics, a marked G2 block with a maximum at 10–12 h a. t. and an irreversible and extensive mitotic depression is evoked by TDC. In the case of DDP and TDC, the tumor cells are removed several days a. t. by cells belonging to the defensive system of the host animals. In contrast, VDC induces partially synchronized waves after a transient suppression of mitoses and reversible cell accumulation in the late S and in the G2 phases. Additionally, 5–16% of the cells become polyploid after VDC treatment.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 3019-3039 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In engineering applications often problems with symmetric system and symmetric loading occur. It is well known that these symmetry conditions can be used to reduce the computational effort. Thus, only a symmetric reduced system is treated with sufficient boundary and loading conditions. Especially for non-linear problems this procedure is very effective. Such a strategy allows the computation of solution paths with the constraint that the solution has to be symmetric. Consequently in a stability analysis, only limit points and bifurcation points with associated symmetrical eigenvectors can be found. Often the stability behaviour is dominated by symmetry-breaking bifurcation points which cannot be detected considering only the tangent stiffness matrix of the reduced system. Hence, in case of stability considerations a calculation of the complete system is necessary. This paper introduces a special form of stability analysis of the complete system using only certain matrices known from the symmetric reduced system, and some transformations concerning the topology of the total system. The proposed methods base on a substructure technique for symmetry under reflections and rotations, and are formulated for the finite element method. Numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of the proposed procedures and algorithms.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: FEM ; stability analysis ; algorithms ; shell structures ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The investigation of the non-linear response of shell-like structures requires insight into stability behaviour. In the paper we compare two strategies to compute singular points based on different eigenvalue problems. We show a simple algorithm to calculate critical load factors A used in engineering buckling analysis from the eigenvalues of the standard eigenvalue problem (KT - ω1) ϕ = 0. Some numerical examples illustrate the derived results and algorithms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1455-1471 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The axisymmetric behaviour of geometrically non-linear elastic shells of revolution with finite rotations is discussed. In contrast to the approach of Reissner and to standard classical shell theories a new straightforward strategy is derived for the formulation of fully non-linear strain measures in the axisymmetric case. Within this approach the computation of the deformed director vector d is a main assumption which is essential to describe the fully non-linear bending behaviour. A Total Lagrangian Description is chosen to represent the large displacements. As an illustrative example the finite element formulation for a simple two-node conical element is given. A consistent linearization of the weak form leads to a quadratically convergence behaviour. The discussed shell examples under proportional loading show the good performance of the derived finite element formulation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1009-1025 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we discuss the theoretical and numerical formulation of 3-D Trefitz elements. Starting from the variational principle with the so-called hybrid stress method, the trial functions for the stresses have to fulfil the Beltrami equations, which means also the compatibility equations for the strains. The divergence theorem can be applied, and one arrives at a pure boundary formulation in the sense of the Trefftz method. Besides the resulting variational formulation, different regularizations of the interelement conditions are investigated by numerical tests. Two examples show the numerical efficiency of the derived elements. First, a geometric linear 3-D example is presented to show the effects on distorted element meshes. The third example shows the geometrically non-linear analysis of a shallow cylindrical shell segment under a singe load.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1979), S. 244-253 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The very complex isomerization patterns of methoxy and carbomethoxy substituted cycloalkanes (3- to 7-membered rings) have been investigated using collisional activation, metastable ion characteristics and field ionization kinetics. The extent of isomerization depends on both the ring size and the substituent. Irrespective of the electronic properties of the substituent, ring opening involves exclusively the C-1—C-2 bond whereby linear alkene radical cations are formed. In the case of OCH3- and COOCH3 substituents the position of the resulting double bond (terminal or α,β-unsaturated) is determined more by the ring size of the precursor molecules and less by the electronic properties of the substituents. Contrary to these findings alklyl substituted cycloalkanes (3- to 5-membered rings) rearrange exclusively to terminal alkene radical cations. The barrier for double bond isomerization seems to be substantially influenced by substituents.
    Notes: Unter Benutzung mehrerer Techniken, wie Stoßaktivierung, Charakteristik metastabiler Ionen und Feldionisationskinetik, wird das äußerst komplexe Isomerisierungsverhalten von methoxy- und caarbomethoxysubstituierten Cycloalkanen (drei-bis siebengliedrege Ringe) analysiert. Das Ausmaß der Isomerisierung hängt sowohl von der Ringgröße als auch vom Substituenten ab, während die Ringöffnung unabhängig von den elektronischen Eigenschaften der Substituenten immer die C-1—C-2-Bindung betrifft. Hierbei werden ausschließlich lineare Alken-Radikalkationen erzeugt. Bei OCH3- und COOCH3-Substituenten wird die Lage der resultierenden Doppelbindung terminal oder α,β-ungesättigt hauptsächlich durch die Ringgröße des Cycloalkan-Molekülions und weniger durch den Substituenten beeinfluß. Alkylsubstituierte Cycloalkane (drei- bis fünfgliedrige Ringe) lagern sich allerdings nur zu terminalen Alken-Radikalkationen um. Die Barriere der Doppelbindungswanderung scheint vom Substituenten abhängig zsu sein.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 17 (1986), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Raman excitation profiles (REPs) for bands of carotenoid and chlorophyll b (Chl b) from whole cells of green algae at low temperatures are presented. In addition to preventing thermal destruction of the samples during long-term irradiation, the use of a double channel surface scanning technique allowed the recording of the Raman spectrum of a non-resonating substance such as acetone suitable as an intensity reference at the same time. The measured REPs are compared with the absorption spectrum of whole cells at low temperatures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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