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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Levodopa ; Inotropic drugs ; Congestive heart failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the long-term effects of orally administered levodopa, 11 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (NYHA III–IV) were studied during maintenance therapy (30±1 days) and after withdrawal from levodopa. The daily levodopa dose was 4 g in six patients; because of side effects the levodopa dose was reduced to 2–3 g in the remaining patients. After withdrawal of levodopa, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and mean right atrial pressure increased significantly (from 19±2 to 24±3 and from 7±2 to 9±2 mmHg, respectively). Effective renal plasma flow was 329±57 during levodopa therapy and decreased significantly to 252±27 ml/min after withdrawal of levodopa. The number of ventricular premature contractions and couplets increased during levodopa therapy and decreased again significantly after withdrawal of levodopa. No significant differences between on and off levodopa were observed in resting heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke work index, systemic vascular resistance, sodium and water excretion, or creatinine clearance. Seven patients improved on levodopa therapy by one NYHA class; four of these seven patients deteriorated again by one NYHA class after withdrawal of levodopa. Regarding both clinical and hemodynamic changes after withdrawal of levodopa, three patients were classified as responders to long-term levodopa therapy. All three responders received 4 g levodopa per day. Average dopamine plasma level was 5.3±0.8 ng/ml in the responder group and 2.0±0.5 ng/ml in the nonresponder group. Long-term administration of oral levodopa is associated with beneficial clinical and hemodynamic response in only a minority of patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 993-1002 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Congestive heart failure ; Calcium antagonists ; Hemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although beneficial acute hemodynamic effects of calcium antagonists in heart failure have been reported, their use in this setting is still controversial because of the negative inotropic effects produced by these agents. The direct actions of calcium antagonists, that is direct depression of myocardial contractility and coronary and peripheral vasodilatation, are modulated by systemic hypotension-induced baroreceptor activation of autonomic reflexes. Thus, at clinically relevant dosages, the baroreceptor-mediated cardiac stimulatory effects may counterbalance or override the direct negative-inotropic effects, as usually observed with nifedipine or diltiazem. By contrast, with verapamil significant depression of contractility may occur. Newer calcium antagonists with higher vasoselectivity such as nisoldipine or felodipine may be particularly interesting in the setting of congestive heart failure because of pronounced arterial vasodilatation and their additional effects on coronary blood flow, LV-regional wall motion and diastolic function and peripheral blood flow distribution with negligible myocardial effects. Due to their marked vasodilatating properties, newer derivatives may be advantageous in the treatment of heart failure due to coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although limited data concerning long-term efficacy are available, preliminary studies suggest long-term benefit in selected patients. It appears that verapamil should not be used for vasodilator therapy of severe heart failure, since deterioration of LV function may occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial pacing ; coronary artery disease ; ECG ; hemodynamics ; stress testing ; Angina pectoris ; Coronarinsuffizienz ; Belastungstest ; EKG ; Kreislaufphysiologie ; Vorhofschrittmacher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende hämodynamische Untersuchungen wurden bei 38 Coronarkranken und ebensoviclen Herzgesunden aus einer Gruppe von 143 Untersuchungen mittels kontrollierter Herzfrequenzsteigerung angestellt. Schon bei Ruhe zeigten die Coronarkranken im Durchschnitt eine niedrigere Förderleistung des Herzens bei gleichem oder gar niedrigerem Füllungsdruck des Herzens und vergleichbarem arteriellem und pulmonal-arteriellem Druck. Das hypokinetische Syndrom war außerdem durch einen erhöhten peripheren Gefäßwiderstand gekennzeichnet. Bei der stufenweisen Erhöhung der Herzfrequenz sank der Füllungsdruck des rechten und des linken Herzens, um erst bei höheren Frequenzen wieder anzusteigen. Diese Drucksenkung war bei Coronarkranken weniger ausgeprägt. Während SVI und MSERI sanken, blieben Herzindex und TPR bei allen geprüften Herzfrequenzen unverändert, ebenso die arteriellen und pulmonal-arteriellen Drucke. Die Herzarbeit stieg bei den Coronarkranken etwas an. Die sonst eine Sinustachykardie begleitende Sympathicusaktivierung blieb aus. Infolgedessen wurde die AV-Überleitungszeit zunehmend länger. Dadurch entwickelte sich sehr rasch eine Vorhofpfropfung, in deren Verlauf die Überhöhung dera-Welle besonners bei den Coronarkranken auffiel. — Die Dauer der mechanischen Systole nahm mit steigender Herzfrequenz ab. Bei Coronarkranken war diese Verkürzung weniger ausgeprägt. Das Phänomen der relativ zu langen Systole wird auf eine gestörte Kontraktionsmechanik zurückgeführt. Bei 18 von 38 Patienten wurde ein pectanginöser Anfall durch die „Belastung“ ausgelöst. Die eintretenden hämodynamischen Veränderungen waren denjenigen im ergometrisch induzierten Anfall ähnlich, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch sekundäre Sympathicusaktivierung. Das Verfahren der kontrollierten Herzfrequenzsteigerung erlaubt eine präzise und reproduzierbare Bestimmung der „Angina pectoris-Schwelle“. Die Methode ist sehr schonend und birgt sicher mancherlei noch ungenutzte, diagnostische und therapeutische Vorteile.
    Notes: Summary 38 patients with coronary artery disease and 38 control subjects out of a group of 143 patients examined with the atrial pacing technique underwent a hemodynamic study. Even at rest coronary patients exhibited lower cardiac output, while filling pressures and arterial as well as pulmonary arterial pressures were identical. The hypokinetic syndrome was furthermore characterized by elevated total peripheral resistance in the coronary patients. Atrial pacing initially led to a fall of right and left heart filling pressures. At higher rates this pressure rose definitely above normal in the coronary group, and particularly so if angina pectoris was present, or after sudden cessation of pacing. While cardiac index and TPR remained unchanged within the range of heart rates tested, cardiac work increased slightly in the coronary group. These cases required higher ventricular filling pressures to maintain cardiac output. Progressive prolongation of the PR-interval led to the development of gianta-waves in the right and probably also the left atrial pressure pulse. The height of thea-wave was conspicously exaggerated in the coronary disease group. Left ventricular ejection time shortened progessively with rising heart rate. However, this was not observed in the diseased group. Here, a relative prolongation of the duration of mechanical systole was observed and interpreted as evidence of altered contractile properties of the ischemic myocardium. 18 of 38 patients developed angina pectoris during atrial pacing. Hemodynamic changes in this group resmbled those in exercise-induced angina, the reason being most likely a secondary activation of the sympathetic system. Atrial pacing provides a precise and reproducible means for determination of the angina threshold. The hemodynamic alterations, however, appear to be fundamentally different of those occuring in spontaneous or exercise-induced angina. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of the atrial pacing method appear considerable, yet they are largely unexplored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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