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Imaging rheumatoid arthritis joints with technetium-99m labelled specific anti-CD4− and non-specific monoclonal antibodies (1994)

Kinne, R. W. ; Becker, W. ; Schwab, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 176-180

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ISSN: 1619-7089

Keywords: Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ; Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody ; Immunoscintigraphy ; Technetium-99m labelling ; Rheumatoid arthritis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract A direct comparison of the joint-imaging properties of inflammation-specific- and non-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was possible in a patient suffering from long-standing, severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This patient received an anti-CD4− and an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) Mab, both labelled with technetium-99m, 9 days apart from each other. The anti-CD4 Mab was superior to the isotype-matched anti-CEA Mab in imaging inflamed joints. In the knee joint, the target-to-background ratio of the synovial membrane (SM) activity in comparison to that of adjacent large vessels was 1.22 (SM/muscle 1.55) for the anti-CD4 Mab and 0.53 (SM/muscle 0.92) for the anti-CEA Mab, in both cases 4 h after injection of the immunoglobulin. Since the CD4 antigen is present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating the inflamed synovial membrane, imaging with the anti-CD4 Mab may allow more specific detection of inflammatory infiltrates in RA.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175768

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A two-step enzymatic synthesis of dipeptides (1992)

Schwarz, A. ; Wandrey, C. ; Steinke, D. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 132-140

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: enzymatic synthesis ; continuous production ; anion-exchange ; peptide-amidase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A simple system is introduced to produce dipeptides continuously by enzyme catalyzed condensation of amino acid esters and amino acid amides. Synthesis of N-terminal free dipeptide-amides is achieved by means of carboxypeptidase Y. The peptide-amide is deamidated utilizing a newly isolated peptide-amide is deamidated utilizing a newly isolated peptide-amidase. Separation of substrates and products is accomplished by anion-exchange chromatography. Modeling of the reactions shows that the two reactions have to be carried out in a cascade of two reactors in order to prevent hydrolysis of the peptide by the carboxypeptidase. Continuous production of Kyotorphin (H-TyrArg-OH) with a space-time yield of 257 g/L · d shows the feasibility of this concept.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.