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  • Organic Chemistry  (7)
  • Mass spectrometry, negative ion chemical ionization  (2)
  • Antidepressiva, Analytik, Pathologie  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 84 (1980), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants, unexpected death ; Antidepressants, drug levels, pathology ; Trizyclische Antidepressiva, unerwarteter Tod ; Antidepressiva, Analytik, Pathologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf die Kontroverse über die Frage der Wirksamkeit von trizyclischen Antidepressiva in der neueren Literatur wird hingewiesen. In Anbetracht der hohen Toxizität dieser Pharmaka stellt sich die Frage nach einem möglichen Ersatz durch weniger gefährliche Mittel. Die 54 Todesfälle in den Jahren 1967–1976 (Eidgenössische Todesursachenstatistik) zeigen, welche Bedeutung dieser Medikamentengruppe in der Schweiz zukommt. Am Gerichtlich-Medizinischen Institut Zürich wurden 11 durch trizyclische Antidepressiva verursachte Todesfälle überprüft und bezüglich Latenzzeiten, pathologischen und analytischen Befunden dargestellt. Die Gefährlichkeit der trizyclischen Antidepressiva ist wegen des meist sehr rasch eintretenden Todes beträchtlich. Während die Pathologie zur Diagnostik wenig beiträgt, kann durch die chemisch-toxikologische Analyse ein sicherer Nachweis erbracht werden.
    Notes: Summary This study points to the controversy over the anti-depressant efficacy of tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TAD) and emphasize their cardiotoxicity. The number of lethal poisoning cases—from the Swiss federal statistics on the cause of death—amounted to 54 for the period from 1967 to 1976. Ten of these 54 cases occurred in children who had ingested the drug accidentally; the remaining cases concerned adults who took an overdose of the drug intentionally. In addition, the authors reviewed the forensic medical examinations performed on 11 cases of unexpected death due to lethal poisoning with TAD. Our data indicated that fatality can follow drug intake quite rapidly. Autoptical and histological findings were not specific. To confirm a poisoning diagnosis, levels of TAD and their metabolites were therefore determined in nine cases in various organ tissues and body fluids. Poisoning was due to imipramine (3 cases), opipramol (2 cases), dibenzepine (3 cases), and amitriptyline (3 cases).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Benzophenones, mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry, negative ion chemical ionization ; Benzodiazepines, mass spectrometry ; Benzophenone, Massenspektrometrie ; Massenspektrometrie, Benzophenone ; Benzodiazepine, Massenspektrometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden positive Elektronenstoß-(EI)-, positive chemische Ionisierungs-(CI)- und negative CI-Massenspektren von Benzophenonderivaten beschrieben. Beim positiven EI-Modus wurden bei fast allen Verbindungen intensive Molekülpeaks beobachtet; andere Peaks entstehen durch Spaltungsreaktionen beiderseits der Carbonylgruppe. Beim positiven CI-Modus erschienen quasi-molekulare Ionen [M+1]+ zusammen mit [M+C2H5]-Peaks bei fast allen Verbindungen; einige Fragmentierungsionen entsprachen denen des positiven EI-Modus. Beim negativen CI-Modus waren die Spektren viel einfacher als beim positiven EI- oder CI-Modus. Im Falle des 1 Torr negativen CI-Modus zeigten einige Spektren lediglich einzelne Molekül-Anionen; beim 0,01 Torr negativen CI-Modus erschienen Halogen-oder Nitro-Peaks zusätzlich zu den Molekül-Anionen. Weiterhin wird ein Extraktionsverfahren zur Isolierung der Benzophenone aus Urin und Plasma nach stark saurer Hydrolyse beschrieben sowie die Trennung mittels Gas-Chromatographie (GC) als Vorbereitung zur Identifizierung durch GC/Massenspektrometrie.
    Notes: Summary Positive electron impact (EI), positive chemical ionization (CI), and negative CI mass spectra of 14 benzophenones are presented. In the positive EI mode, intense molecular peaks appeared for most compounds; some other peaks due to splitting at both sides of the carbonyl group also appeared. In the positive CI mode, [M+1]+ quasi-molecular ions together with [M+C2H5]+ peaks were observed for all compounds; some fragment peaks were common to those in the positive EI mode. In the negative CI mode, the spectra were much simpler than those in the positive EI or CI mode. In the 1 Torr negative CI mode, some spectra showed only single molecular anions; in the 0.01 Torr negative CI mode, halogen or nitro peaks appeared in addition to the molecular anions. An extraction procedure for benzophenones from human urine and plasma after heating in strong acid, and their separation by gas chromatography (GC) are also presented to serve for their actual identification by GC/mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 97 (1986), S. 239-250 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants, mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry, negative ion chemical ionization ; Trizyklische Antidepressiva, Massenspektrometrie ; Massenspektrometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von acht trizyklischen Antidepressiva werden die Massenspektren nach Elektronenstoß-Ionisation (EI) und positiver und negativer chemischer Ionisation (CI) vorgestellt. Bei der Elektronenstoß-Ionisations-Technik (EI) fanden sich bei fünf Substanzen die Massen m/z 193 und/oder 195, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entsprechen; eine Masse m/z 58 trat häufig bei Substanzen mit einer γ-Dimethylaminopropyl-Gruppe in der Seitenkette auf. Molekülionen fanden sich bei allen Substanzen, obwohl sie bei manchen in der EI-Technik sehr klein ausfielen. In der positiven CI-Technik traten bei fünf Substanzen [M−1]− Quasi-Molekülionen zusammen mit [M+C2H5]+ Peaks auf, auch erschien die Masse m/z 196, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entspricht. In der negativen CI-Technik wurden bei einem Kammerdruck von 1 Torr [M−1]− Quasi-Molekülionen für alle Substanzen mit Ausnahme des Lofepramins beobachtet. [M+43]− Anionen, die möglicherweise [M+C3H4]− entsprechen, traten bei fünf Substanzen auf. Ein [M+Cl]− Ion war besonders stark bei Carpipramin und Clocapramin ausgeprägt. Mit dieser Technik ließen sich auch die Anionen nachweisen, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entsprechen. Die Spektren waren bei der negativen CI-Technik bei unterschiedlichem Kammerdruck (0.01 oder 1 Torr) grundsätzlich ähnlich. Jedoch fanden sich niemals Anlagerungskomplexe bei niedrigem Druck. Weiterhin werden Daten zur Extraktion einiger Antidepressiva aus menschlichem Urin und Plasma sowie ihre Auftrennung durch Gaschromatographie vorgestellt.
    Notes: Summary Positive electron impact (EI), positive chemical ionization (CI), and negative CI mass spectra of eight tricyclic antidepressants are presented. In the positive EI mode, peak(s) at m/z 193 and/or 195, which corresponded to the tricyclic nucleus, appeared for five compounds; a peak at m/z 58 was common to compounds having a γ-dimethylaminopropyl group as their side chain. Molecular ions appeared for all compounds though they were very small in some compounds in the positive EI mode. In the positive CI mode, [M+H]+ quasi-molecular peaks appeared together with [M+C2H5]+ peaks in five compounds; the ion at m/z 196, which corresponded to the tricyclic nucleus also appeared in five compounds. In the negative CI mode with 1 Torr chamber pressure, [M−1]− quasi-molecular ions were observed for all compounds except for lofepramine; [M+43]− anions, which probably corresponded to [M+C3H4]−, appeared in five compounds; strong [M+Cl]− ions appeared in carpipramine and clocapramine. The anions due to the tricyclic nucleus also appeared in this mode. In the negative CI mode at low pressure (0.01 Torr), the spectra were generally similar to those in the 1 Torr negative CI mode. However, the cluster anions never appeared at the low pressure. Some data on extraction for some antidepressants from human urine and plasma, and their separation by gas chromatography, are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 36 (1953), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α,α′-Imino-glutaric-succ,inic acid is not decomposed by a highly purified preparation of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; „α,α'-iminoacid dehydrases“ must be different from transaminases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diethyl ether is introduced as solvent for the analysis of gallium, indium and thallium by flame emission. Its use improves the analytical sensitivity and the detection limits of the method. Since diethyl ether is the solvent of choice for the extraction of the three metals from aqueous solutions, the possibility of spraying such extracts into the flame simplifies detection and assay. A procedure for the analysis of thallium in biological samples is given and illustrated by figures for its distribution in a man poisoned by a fatal dose of thallium sulphate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 50 (1967), S. 958-962 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amphetamine (I) reacts spontaneously at room temperature with carbon disulfide to form (1-phenyl-isopropyl)-isothiocyanate, which was identified by UV.-, IR.- and mass spectrometry. This reaction is used for the analytical determination of I by gas chromatography. The characteristic peak shift which occurs after addition of carbon disulfide differentiates I from N-methylamphetamine (II). The method is applied to urine analysis of I and II (which partially metabolizes to I) and might be useful in doping control.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1396-1398 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The poisoning effect of hydroxy-s-triazines on Pt-catalyst was observed using the system PtO2, triazine-derivative, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-cinnamic acid and H2 in alcohol. The dihydroxy-s-triazines I and II resulting from alkaline oxidation of uric acid, their dihydro-derivatives III and IV, and trihydroxy-s-triazine cyanuric acid (VI) inhibit the hydrogenation as has previously been found for the unsubstituted s-triazine V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 50 (1967), S. 1409-1415 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A flameless atomic absorption method for the determination of small amounts of mercury in solutions is described. The mercury is amalgamated quantitatively on a copper wire and subsequently vaporized in an absorption cell which is placed in the light path of a commercial atomic absorption instrument. The mercury vapor can be quantitatively determined by its absorption of the 253.7 nm mercury line. The method has a detection limit of 0.2 ng and is therefore about 10000 times more sensitive than atomic absorption analysis using flame atomization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After decaffeination of green coffee beans by extraction with [14C]-trichloroethylene, the beans were radioactive and did not loose their activity during roasting. On the basis of the radioactivity uptake, it is estimated that during commercial decaffeination 0.25 to 1 g of trichloroethylene is incorporated per kg of beans. The nature of the compound or compounds formed on interaction of trichloroethylene with coffee constituents is still unknown, but attention is directed to the possibility of the formation of highly toxic S-dichlorovinyl derivatives as is the case in the extraction of soya beans with trichloroethylene.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 34 (1951), S. 82-98 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden verschiedene (stereoisomere) α,α′-Imino-propionsäureglutarsäuren, α,α′-Imino glutarsäuren,-bernsteinsäuren und α,α′-Imino glutarsäuren,-bernsteinsäuren hergestellt und ihr Verhalten zu Fermenten, die sich in Leber und Nieren finden, untersucht. Während sich in Nieren- und Leberhomogenaten und in Extrakten aus Aceton-Trockenpulver der genannten Organe keine Fermente nachweisen liessen, welche α,α′-Imino-dipropionsäuren, α,α′-Imino-propionsäureisocapronsäure, Octopin und α,α′-Imino-bernsteinsäure-propionsäuren dehydrieren, wurden α,α′-Imino-propionsäure-glutarsäuren (II) und α,α′-Imino-glutarsäure-bernsteinsäuren (III) bei Gegenwart der genannten Fermentsysteme durch Sauerstoff rasch dehydriert. Es scheint demnach, dass zur Angreifbarkeit solcher Imino-dicarbonsäuren durch Dehydrasen Glutaminsäure am Aufbau der Iminodicarbonsäure teilhaben muss. Als Folge der Hydrolyse der durch die Hydrierung gebildeten Schiff'schen Basen und nachfolgenden Desaminierung der gebildeten Aminosäuren wird Ammoniak freigesetzt, dessen Menge dem Sauerstoffverbrauch, d. h. der Dehydrierung parallel geht.
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