Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1155-1161 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nosocomial pneumonia ; scoring system ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To develop a scoring system for stratifying patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia (NP), based on variables generally available in an ICU, and to determine the probability of a patient developing NP in the ICU. Design and setting A 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in a medical and surgical ICU. Patients 756 patients admitted to the ICU for 48 h or more were followed up until the development of NP or death or discharge from the ICU. Measurements and results 129 (17.1%) patients developed NP, 106 (14%) in the first 2 weeks. The following independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: no infection on admission [relative risk (RR)=3.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=2.0 to 4.8]; thorax drainage (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2 to 3.5); administration of antacids (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.4 to 3.1); partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)〉110 mmHg (RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0 to 2.6); administration of coagulation factors (RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0 to 3.2); male gender (RR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2 to 6.3); urgent surgery (RR=2.4, 95% CI=0.9 to 6.4); and neurological diseases (RR=4.2, 95% CI=1.9 to 9.4). To obtain a predictive risk index for NP, a scoring system was developed using a multivariate model. The probability of developing NP varied between 11.0% in the lowest risk group and 42.3% in the highest risk group. The patients' risk of acquiring NP was seven times higher in the highest score category (IV) than in the lowest one (I). Conclusions ICU patients can be stratified into high- and low-risk groups for NP. No infection on admission, thorax drainage, administration of antacids, and PO2〉110 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of NP during the entire 2-week period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1155-1161 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nosocomial pneumonia ; Scoring system ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To develop a scoring system for stratifying patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia (NP), based on variables generally available in an ICU, and to determine the probability of a patient developing NP in the ICU. Design and setting: A 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in a medical and surgical ICU. Patients: 756 patients admitted to the ICU for 48 h or more were followed up until the development of NP or death or discharge from the ICU. Measurements and results: 129 (17.1%) patients developed NP, 106 (14%) in the first 2 weeks. The following independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: no infection on admission [relative risk (RR)=3.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=2.0 to 4.8]; thorax drainage (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2 to 3.5); administration of antacids (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.4 to 3.1); partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) 〉110 mmHg (RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0 to 2.6); administration of coagulation factors (RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0 to 3.2); male gender (RR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2 to 6.3); urgent surgery (RR=2.4, 95% CI=0.9 to 6.4); and neurological diseases (RR=4.2, 95% CI=1.9 to 9.4). To obtain a predictive risk index for NP, a scoring system was developed using a multivariate model. The probability of developing NP varied between 11.0% in the lowest risk group and 42.3% in the highest risk group. The patients‘ risk of acquiring NP was seven times higher in the highest score category (IV) than in the lowest one (I). Conclusions: ICU patients can be stratified into high- and low-risk groups for NP. No infection on admission, thorax drainage, administration of antacids, and PO2〉110 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of NP during the entire 2-week period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. S5 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Peritonitis ; Candidiasis ; Mycosis ; Fungal infection ; Antifungal therapy ; Schlüsselwörter Peritonitis ; Candidiasis ; Mycosis ; Fungal-Infektion ; Antifungal-Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Obwohl 20% der Bevölkerung eine Pilzkolonisation des Gastrointestinaltrakts aufweisen, spielen Mykosen in der Initialphase der sekundären Peritonitis eine untergeordnete Rolle. Das Risiko für eine Pilzinfektion steigt nach ausgedehnten operativen Eingriffen, bei Breitspektrumantibiose, parenteraler Ernährung, Katheterismus, Immunsuppression etc. deutlich an. Innerhalb der letzten Jahre nahmen bei nosokomialen Infektionen Mykosen (überwiegend Candida spp.) deutlich zu. Intraabdominale Infektionen bei CAPD-Patienten werden in ca. 5% der Fälle durch Pilze verursacht. Bei Peritonitiden aufgrund Anastomoseninsuffizienz steigt die Inzidenz der Mykosen deutlich an, wobei die Letalität bis zu 80% beträgt. Im Verlauf der schweren Pankreatitis tritt bei bis zu 5% der Nekroseinfektionen eine invasive Mykose auf. Die Klinik der invasiven Pilzinfektion gleicht dem septischen Syndrom und ist in diesem Stadium mit einer Häufigkeit von bis zu 50% mit Fungämien vergesellschaftet. Da die meisten fakultativ pathogenen Pilze Teil der physiologischen Flora sind, ist die Interpretation kultureller Nachweise schwierig. Zur Diagnose einer invasiven Mykose können histopathologische Methoden sowie serologische Candidaantigen- und -antikörpernachweis hilfreich sein. Therapeutisch stehen mit Amphotericin B, Flucytosin und Fluconazol 3 hochwirksame Substanzen für die i.v.-Applikation zur Verfügung. Amphotericin B wird in einer Dosierung bis zu 1 mg/kg und Tag, in der liposomalen Galenik bis 3 mg/kg und Tag verabreicht. Flucytosin (0,15–0,2 g/kg und Tag) ist gut liquorgängig und hat in der Kombination mit Amphotericin B eine synergistische Wirkung. Fluconazol stellt bei empfindlichen Pilzen (Ausnahmen C. glabrata und C. krusei) in einer Dosierung von 200–800 mg/Tag eine ähnlich wirksame und nebenwirkungsärmere Alternative dar.
    Notes: Abstract Although there is a 20% yeast colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of the population, fungal infections appear only rarely in secondary peritonitis. The risk of severe mycosis increases after a major operation and when a patient is taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, is on total parenteral nutrition, is catheterized, and/or is immune-suppressed. In the past years the incidence of nosocomial fungal infections (usually Candida spp.) has risen significantly. Five percent of CAPD-related peritonitis is caused by fungi. In enteral anastomosis breakdown, invasive mycosis occurs more often, with an accompanying lethality of up to 80%. In severe pancreatitis, up to 5% of peripancreatic necrosis is infected with fungi. The clinical course of severe mycosis, like the septic syndrome, is associated with fungemia in up to 50% of cases. As most of the facultative pathogenic fungi are part of the physiological flora, it is difficult to interpret mycological cultures. In order to diagnose invasive fungal infections, histopathological techniques and serologic tests for antigens and antibodies are available. Three antifungal agents (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole) are available for intravenous administration. Amphotericin B is given at doses of up to 1 mg/kg per day, in liposomal galenism up to 3 mg/kg per day. Combining amphotericin B with flucytosine (150–200 mg/kg per day) a synergistic effect is reached. Fluconazole at a dosage of 200–800 mg per day represents an alternative with similar antifungal activity and lower side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1996), S. S5 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Peritonitis ; Candidiasis ; Mycosis ; Fungal infection ; antifungal therapy ; Peritonitis ; Candidiasis ; Mycosis ; Fungal-Infektion ; Antifungal-Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Obwohl 20% der Bevölkerung eine Pilzkolonisation des Gastrointestinaltrakts aufweisen, spielen Mykosen in der Initialphase der sekund=:aren Peritonitis eine untergeordnete Rolle. Das Risiko für eine Pilzinfektion steigt nach ausgedehnten operativen Eingriffen, bei Breitspektrumantibiose, parenteraler Ernährung, Katheterismus, Immunsuppression etc. deutlich an. Innerhalb der letzten Jahre nahmen bei nosokomialen Infektionen Mykosen (überwiegendCandida spp.) deutlich zu. Intraabdominale Infektionen bei CAPD-Patienten werden in ca. 5% der Fälle durch Pilze verursacht. Bei Peritonitiden aufgrund Anastomoseninsuffizienz steigt die Inzidenz der Mykosen deutlich an, wobei die Letalität bis zu 80% beträgt. Im Verlauf der schweren Pankreatitis tritt bei bis zu 5% der Nekroseinfektionen eine invasive Mykose auf. Die Klinik der invasiven Pilzinfektion gleicht dem septischen Syndrom und ist in diesem Stadium mit einer Häufigkeit von bis zu 50% mit Fungämien vergesellschaftet. Da die meisten fakultativ pathogenen Pilze Teil der physiologischen Flora sind, ist die Interpretation kultureller Nachweise schwierig. Zur Diagnose einer invasiven Mykose können histopathologische Methoden sowie serologische Candidaantigen- und-antikörpernachweis hilfreich sein. Therapeutisch stehen mit Amphotericin B, Flucytosin und Fluconazol 3 hochwirksame Substanzen für die i.v.-Applikation zur Verfügung. amphotericin B wird in einer Dosierung bis zu 1 mg/kg und Tag, in der liposomalen Galenik bis 3 mg/kg und Tag verabreicht. Flucytosin (0,15–0,2 g/kg und Tag) ist gut liquorgängig und hat in der Kombination mit Amphotericin B eine synergistische Wirkung. Fluconazol stellt bei empfindlichen Pilzen (AusnahmenC. glabrata undC. krusei) in einer Dosierung von 200–800 mg/Tag eine ähnlich wirksame und nebenwirkungsärmere alternative dar.
    Notes: Abstract Although there is a 20% yeast colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of the population, fungal infections appear only rarely in secondary peritonitis. The risk of severe mycosis increases after a major operation and when a patient is taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, is on total parenteral nutrition, is catheterized, and/or is immune-suppressed. In the past years the incidence of nosocomial fungal infections (usuallyCandida spp.) has risen significantly. Five percent of CAPD-related peritonitis is caused by fungi. In enteral anastomosis breakdown, invasive mycosis occurs more often, with an accompanying lethality of up to 80%. In severe pancreatitis, up to 5% of peripancreatic necrosis in infected with fungi. The clinical course of severe mycosis, like the septic syndrome, is associated with fungemia in up to 50% of cases. As most of the facultative pathogenic fungi are part of the physiological flora, it is difficult to interpret mycological cultures. In order to diagnose invasive fungal infections, histopathological techniques and serologic tests for antigens and antibodies are available. Three antifungal agents (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole) are available for intravenous administration. Amphotericin B is given at doses of up to 1 mg/kg per day, in liposomal galenism up to 3 mg/kg per day. Combining amphotericin B with flucytosine (150–200 mg/kg per day) a synergistic effect is reached. Fluconazole at a dosage of 200–800 mg per day represents an alternative with similar antifungal activity and lower side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...