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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term exercise training improves diaphragm antioxidant capacity and endurance (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 81 (2000), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Diaphragm ; Oxidative stress ; Fatigue ; Lipid peroxidation ; Antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract These experiments tested the hypothesis that short-term endurance exercise training would rapidly improve (within 5 days) the diaphragm oxidative/antioxidant capacity and protect the diaphragm against contraction-induced oxidative stress. To test this postulate, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) ran on a motorized treadmill for 5 consecutive days (40–60 min · day−1) at approximately 65% maximal oxygen uptake. Costal diaphragm strips were excised from both sedentary control (CON, n=14) and trained (TR, n=13) animals 24 h after the last exercise session, for measurement of in vitro contraction properties and selected biochemical parameters of oxidative/antioxidant capacity. Training did not alter diaphragm force-frequency characteristics over a full range of submaximal and maximal stimulation frequencies (P 〉 0.05). In contrast, training improved diaphragm resistance to fatigue as contraction forces were better-maintained by the diaphragms of the TR animals during a submaximal 60-min fatigue protocol (P 〈 0.05). Following the fatigue protocol, diaphragm strips from the TR animals contained 30% lower concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides compared to CON (P 〈 0.05). Biochemical analysis revealed that exercise training increased diaphragm oxidative and antioxidant capacity (citrate synthase activity +18%, catalase activity +24%, total superoxide dismutase activity +20%, glutathione concentration +10%) (P 〈 0.05). These data indicate that short-term exercise training can rapidly elevate oxidative capacity as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the diaphragm. Furthermore, this up-regulation in antioxidant defenses would be accompanied by a reduction in contraction-induced lipid peroxidation and an increased fatigue resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013799
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of exercise induced hypoxemia in elite endurance athletes at sea level (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1988), S. 298-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Induced hypoxemia ; Incremental exercise ; Trained athletes ; Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence suggests that exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) may occur in healthy trained endurance athletes. However, at present, no data exist to describe the regularity of EIH in athletes or non-athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence of EIH during exercise in healthy subjects varying in physical fitness. Subjects (N=68) performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue with percent arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%SaO2) measured min-by-min. For the purpose of data analysis subjects were divided into three groups according to their level of physical training: 1) untrained (N=16), 2) moderately trained (N=27), and 3) elite highly trained endurance athletes (N=25). EIH was defined as a %SaO2 of ≤91% during exercise. EIH did not occur in any of the untrained subjects or the moderately trained subjects. However, EIH occurred in 52% of the highly trained endurance athletes tested and was highly reproducible (r=0.95; P〈0.05). These findings further confirm the existence of EIH in healthy highly trained endurance athletes and suggests a rather high incidence of EIH in this healthy population. Hence, it is important that the clinician or physiologist performing exercise testing in elite endurance athletes recognize that EIH can and does occur in the elite endurance athlete in the absence of lung disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417266
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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