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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Keywords HSP70 ; Human melanoma cells ; Ultraviolet B ; Apoptosis ; Caspase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The heat shock response is a highly conserved reaction common to all cells and organisms. It has been reported that hyperthermic treatment can induce the expression of the heat shock protein (HSP) and can protect cells from ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of induced HSP70 on resistance to UV radiation. G361 amelanotic human melanoma cells were irradiated with increasing doses of UVB. UVB irradiation caused apoptotic cell death in these cells. Following transfection with MFG.hsp70.puro plasmid, the expression of HSP70 was determined. Compared to control vector-transfected cells, hsp70-transfected cells showed significantly elevated levels of HSP70 and were highly resistant to UVB irradiation. In order to investigate the effects of HSP70 on the apoptotic pathway, the changes in caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed. Following UVB irradiation, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were observed in control vector-transfected cells, and the changes in these molecules were inhibited in the hsp70-transfected cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is accompanied by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which can be prevented by an overexpression of HSP70.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 27-55 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper reports on our experience in solving large-scale finite element transient problems on the Connection Machine. We begin with an overview of this massively parallel processor and emphasize the features which are most relevant to finite element computations. These include virtual processors, parallel disk I/O and parallel scientific visualization capabilities. We introduce a distributed data structure and discuss a strategy for mapping thousands of processors onto a discretized structure. The combination of the parallel data structure with the virtual processor mapping algorithm is shown to play a pivotal role in efficiently achieving massively parallel explicit computations on irregular and hybrid two- and three-dimensional finite element meshes. The finite element kernels written in C*/Paris have run with success to solve several examples of linear and non-linear dynamic simulations of large problem sizes. From these example runs, we have been able to assess in detail their performance on the Connection Machine. We show that mesh irregularities induce an MIMD (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data) style of programming which impacts negatively the performance of this SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) machine. Finally, we address some important theoretical and implementational issues that will materially advance the application ranges of finite element computations on this highly parallel processor.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 32 (1991), S. 1767-1798 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computationally oriented formulation and its solution procedures for the analysis of rigid-flexible multibody dynamics systems are presented. The present formulation adopts a set of dual co-ordinate systems, an inertially fixed one for the measure of translational motions and a body-based one for rotational motions. The origins of these co-ordinate systems are located at the centres of rigid bodies and at the nodal points of flexible bodies for implementation ease. The flexibility is modelled by an intrinsic spatial beam theory which is approximated by transverse-shear deformable linear beam elements. The solution of the resulting equations of motion including system constraints is obtained by a partitioned procedure, which solves first for the constraint force vector, then the generalized co-ordinates for the rigid and flexible components, and finally interaction quantities such as active control forces, manoeuvring space ranges and corrections due to state measurements, with each solution stage being processed by the corresponding separate module. A central feature of the present capability is its high accuracy of the analysis results by demanding the energy conservation throughout the various stages of response analyses. Several examples are included to demonstrate the capabilities of the present analysis software both on sequential and parallel machines.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 1071-1083 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A discrete momentum-conserving, explicit time integration is presented. The accurate feature and simplicity of the present algorithm are realized by a mid-point implicit formula for integrating the Euler parameters and a second-order discrete momentum-conserving form of the central difference algorithm, respectively. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by example problems which exhibit large overall rigid motions under holonomic constraints.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The strain energy of straight beam members derived from the isoparametric shape functions is known to be invariant with respect to the number of integration points as long as they exceed a minimum number. However, this invariant property is generally lost for curved members. For example, the two-point integrated, membrane strain energy of curved beams by employing the quadratic shape functions is different from the three-point integrated one. This paper presents an invariant strain interpolation scheme for quadratic curved beam elements, which can lead to improved membrane representations in curved shell elements, thus resolving the perplexing membrane-bending coupling difficulties in thin shell analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1669-1673 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The conventional staggered solution of pore fluid-soil interaction problems is shown to suffer from stability restriction. This paper presents a stabilized form of the staggered solution procedure of the problem. Computational overhead for this stabilization is shown to be modest and hence this stabilized procedure is recommended for production implementation for pore fluid-soil interaction analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1285-1312 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is a user's guide for the stand-alone explicit direct time integration package STINT/CD for structural dynamics analysis. STINT/CD uses an automatic variable time increment central difference method. The purpose, function, limitations and usage of the package are described. A FORTRAN listing of STINT/CD is given along with a sample problem which illustrates its usage and performance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 609-622 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A semi-implicit direct time integration procedure is presented which avoids factorization of the implicit difference solution matrix. The procedure, if properly implemented, requires only vectorial calculations and hence needs the same computer core space as explicit integration procedures. Guidelines for splitting the stiffness matrix into upper and lower matrices are established, which among other things are designed to satisfy a correct transmission of rigid-body motions from element (or grid) to its adjacent elements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1337-1347 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A family of hierarchical algorithms for nonlinear structural equations are presented. The algorithms are based on the Davidenko-Branin type homotopy and shown to yield consistent hierarchical perturbation equations. The algorithms appear to be particularly suitable to problems involving bifurcation and limit point calculations. An important by-product of the algorithms is that they provide a systematic and economical means for computing the stepsize at each iteration stage when a Newton-like method is employed to solve the systems of equations. Some sample problems are provided to illustrate the characteristics of the algorithms.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2951-2977 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; plates ; equilibrium ; assumed strain ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Equilibrium constraints are used to improve the stress accuracy of existing assumed natural-co-ordinate strain (ANS) plate elements. This is accomplished by introducing hierarchical degrees of freedom, which are subsequently eliminated by invoking kinematic consistency and element-interior homogeneous equilibrium conditions. The resulting element enrichments are completely contained in the strain-displacement matrix. In addition, the modified displacement shape functions become available for consistent mass and nodal load calculations, a feat not shared by some hybrid-type elements. The performance of the present element (ANS-EC) is compared with other plate bending elements. This performance comparison includes convergence studies for both displacements and stresses.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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