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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • Organic Chemistry  (7)
  • Cat  (3)
  • Arabidopsis  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of plaid patterns to distinguish the corticofugal and direct retinal inputs to the brainstem optokinetic nystagmus generator (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Optokinetic nystagmus ; Eye movements ; Plaids ; Brainstem ; Motion perception ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have recorded the direction of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) elicited by moving plaid patterns in order to dissociate the pathways that mediate horizontal OKN. The plaids used comprised two drifting sinusoidal gratings arranged such that their individual directions of drift were very different from the direction of coherent motion of the overall pattern. The direction of OKN with binocular viewing was close to the mean of the component directions, suggesting a dominant influence of cortical visual neurons that respond to oriented one-dimensional components of the image. But the direction of OKN was consistently shifted slightly towards the direction of motion of the overall pattern, suggesting a secondary influence responsive to pattern direction. OKN recordings obtained during monocular viewing suggest that this secondary influence reflects the direct retinal pathway to the brainstem structures mediating OKN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228955
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography of projections from the motor cortex to rubrospinal units in the cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Unit recording ; Motor cortex ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A topographical study of the cortico-rubrospinal pathway was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Extracellular unit recordings were made from cells in the red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord. They were identified by antidromic invasion following stimulation of their axones at the 2nd cervical and 9th thoracic levels of the spinal cord. I. The pericruciate cortical regions from which spikes could be induced in rubrospinal neurons were limited to the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus, the lateral sigmoid gyrus and the anterior part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. No responses were obtained from stimulation of the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus or the gyrus proreus. Compared to the somatotopic organization of the motor cortex for the cat described by Woolsey (1958), our results show that the rubrospinal cells receive projections from the motor cortex controlling proximal and distal muscles but not axial muscles. II. Neurons projecting to the cervico-thoracic cord receive afferents from the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the lateral sigmoid gyrus whereas those projecting to the lumbo-sacral cord receive projections from the entire surface of the sigmoid gyrus except the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the gyrus proreus. III. A latero-medial organization of cells within the red nucleus was found according to the origin of their cortical afferents. Rubrospinal neurons with fibers terminating in the cervical or thoracic cord receive projections from the motor cortex controlling the proximal musculature of the forelimb when they are located in the dorso-lateral region of the nucleus and the entire forelimb motor cortex when they are located in the medial part of the nucleus. It is suggested that this organization may indicate a control of proximal forelimb musculature by dorsolateral rubrospinal cells and distal musculature by medial cells. IV. Rubrospinal cells placed medially in the nucleus receive more convergent projections (i.e. from a greater cortical surface) than cells placed more laterally. It was shown that for certain cells the convergence occurs in the direct pathway. These results are discussed in terms of a functional organization allowing coordinated movements of different segments of a single limb or of different limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234669
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Motion after-effects ; Cat ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width, moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat. Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time-course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235938
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the possible role of protein phosphorylation in the transduction of the ethylene signal (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 18 (1996), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; EBP ; ethylene ; phosphorylation ; receptors ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated the existence of high affinity binding sites for the plant growth regulator ethylene. The ethylene binding protein (EBP), from Phaseolus cotyledons, shows many of the characteristics of a functional receptor for ethylene, has been purified on SDS-PAGE and polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits. Current work involves the investigation of the ethylene transduction signal in a number of ethylene-responsive tissues. In peas, it has been shown that ethylene promotes the phosphorylation of specific proteins of similar molecular weight to the EBP from Phaseolus. Such ethylene-induced phosphorylation can be inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 2,5-NBD. The antibodies raised to the EBP from Phaseolus have been shown to immunoprecipitate 32P-labelled proteins from membrane protein preparations obtained from pea tissue. Studies on ethylene binding in pea have also shown that the binding of ethylene may be regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, under conditions which promote phosphorylation, binding is inhibited, whereas the reverse is true under conditions which enhance dephosphorylation. Further work is described which examines the effect of protein kinase, protein phosphatase and calcium channel inhibitors on ethylene-induced phosphorylation in peas, together with wild-type (WT) and ethylene insensitive (eti) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of these treatments can be monitored in vivo using the ethylene-induced triple response as a screen. Furthermore, the protein profiles of such treated seedlings can then be compared by labelling protein extracts with 32P and subjecting the samples to SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028498
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene binding sites in higher plants (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 18 (1996), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; ethylene ; ethylene binding protein ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A review of work carried out on ethylene binding in higher plants is presented. The use of radio-labelled displacement assays has identified specific 14C-ethylene binding in all tissues so far studied. virtually all higher plants studied contain at least two classes of ethylene binding site, one of which fully associates and dissociates in about 2 h and a class of sites that takes up to 20 h to become fully saturated. Although the types of site differ in their rate constants of association they have similar and high affinities for ethylene. A series of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants shown to vary in sensitivity to ethylene have been analysed for 14C-ethylene binding. One mutant, eti 5, which was shown to be unaffected by ethylene concentrations of up to 10,000 μL L−1 was also shown to exhibit reduced binding. In vivo and in vitro studies on pea have shown that ethylene binding can be detected in this tissue. In vitro studies have shown that both membrane and cytosolic fractions contain measurable amounts of ethylene binding. Interestingly, cytosolic ethylene binding consisted only of the fast associating/dissociating type. Developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris contain a higher concentration of ethylene binding sites that other tissues and only contain the slow dissociating component. These facets have allowed the purification of ethylene binding protein(s) (EBP) from this tissue. The proteins which bind ethylene can be resolved into two bands of 26 and 28 kDa on semi-denaturing PAGE and the proteins appear to be single entities on a 2-D gels. Data will be presented which indicate a possible role for heterotrimetric G-proteins in the early stages of the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028490
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of solvent-cast polymer films (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3827-3848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes and analyzes the results of an experiment where various thin polymeric films are continuously sheared between smooth glass substrates. The shear force per unit area has been measured as a function of mean uniaxial stress and temperature using representative “good” and “poor” casting solvents followed by a range of heat treatments. The polymers studied include high density polyethylene, polybisphenol-A-carbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), atactic polystyrene, isotactic polystyrene, atactic poly(methyl methacrylate), isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl chloride), and polytetrafluoroethylene. The results indicate that the casting solvent has a very pronounced influence upon the rheology of the film. The casting solvents may apparently confer either ductile or brittle failure in the film and also influence the nature of the temperature and pressure dependence of the shear stress. The data have been analyzed using Eyring theory and also by reference to relevant published literature on the influence of solvent and thermal treatments on the morphology and deformation behavior of polymers. “Good” solvents generally tend to promote a brittle mode of failure with little temperature dependence. The same type of solvents also produced films which have higher shear strengths and show greater increases in shear strength with pressure. These data are adequately rationalized using free volume and entanglement notions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070281222
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condensation of poly(4-vinylacetophenone) with various araldehydesCommunication No. 2070 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 310-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of condensation products of poly(4-vinyl-acetophenone) with various substituted benzaldehydes is described. As in the case of the products obtained by condensing the poly(4-vinylacetophenone) with benzaldehyde, these, too, show to varying degrees the property of becoming insoluble when exposed to light. This sensitivity to light is generally higher where the aldehyde used contains electrondonating substituent groups in the para-position. This, in turn, is also related to the ability of such products to absorb a larger proportion of the longer wavelength portion of the emitted light.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of transition metals in “in situ” duplex oxide grown on a 316 stainless steel (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diffusion von Übergangsmetallen in auf Stahl 316 aufgewachsenem Duplex-OxidMit der Methode der sukzessiven Abtragung wurden nach Diffusionsglühen bei 1273 K Konzentrationsprofile von radioaktiven Isotopen (Chrom, Mangan und Eisen) in einem auf Stahl 316 entstandenen doppelschichtigem Zunder ermittelt. Das Eisenisotop diffundiert danach normalerweise sowohl durch die innere als auch durch die äußere Zunderschicht. Die Konzentration der Isotopen von Chrom und Mangan nimmt in der äußeren Magnetitschicht nach Außen hin zu, zeigt aber in der inneren Spinellschicht ein normales Konzentrationsprofil. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten - ermittelt aufgrund der Konzentrationsprofile - lagen, bezogen auf die Diffusion in der Spinellphase, zwischen 6 × 10-12 und 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1.
    Notes: Concentration profiles of chromium, maganese and iron radioactive tracers through a duplex oxide grown on 316 stainless steel have been obtained after a diffusion anneal at 1273 K using the serial sectioning technique. The iron tracer diffused normally in both inner and outer oxides of the duplex scale. The concentration of the chromium and manganese tracers increased with increasing penetration into the outer Fe3O4 layer but showed a normal profile in the inner spinel. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the profiles were in the range 6 × 10-12 - 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1 for diffusion in the spinel phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of 18/8 type stainless steel in high pressure CO2/2% CO (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Oxidation von 18/8 Stählen in Kohlendioxid + 2% Kohlenmonoxid bei hohem DruckDie Oxidation verschiedener 18/8 Stähle in Gemischen aus Kohlendioxid und 2% Kohlenmonoxid wurde im Temperaturbereich 550 bis 650°C durch intermittierende Messung der Gewichtszunahme, metallographische Untersuchung, Fraktographie und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie verfolgt. Schon in einem frühen Oxidationsstadium entsteht eine Duplex-Zunderschicht. Die Gewichtszunahme/Zeit-Kurven zeigen zwei Prozeßstufen, und zwar ein Anfangsstadium, das sich exponentiell dem zweiten langsameren Stadium annähert. Die Geschwindigkeit der Duplex-Zunderbildung zeigte nicht die übliche Temperaturabhängigkeit; indessen wurde bei etwa 600°C ein Maximum der Geschwindigkeit festgestellt. Die sekundären Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei 650 und 550°C deutlich zu erkennen und lagen bei der niedrigeren Temperatur höher. Im Zunder traten verschiedene Spinelle auf. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit der Annahme gedeutet, daß Kationendiffusion durch verschiedene innere Spinelle der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt ist.
    Notes: The oxidation of a variety of 18/8 stainless steels in high pressure CO2/2% CO has been followed in the temperature range 550-650°C using intermittent weight gain measurement metallography, fractography and scanning electron microscopy. Duplex scales formed at an early stage of oxidation. The weight gain curves were analysed in terms of a two stage process, the initial stage exponentially approaching a slower secondary stage. The primary rate of duplex scale formation did not show the usual temperature dependence. Rather a maximum in the rate was observed at ∼600°C. Secondary rates were well established at 650°C and 550°C the secondary rate at 550°C, however, being higher than that at 650°C. Various spinels occurred and the results are explained in terms of the rate controlling process being cation diffusion through different inner spinels.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detailed examination of two stainless steel specimens oxidised for 20,000 hours in high pressure CO2/2% CO (1982)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Detaillierte Untersuchung von zwei nichtrostenden Stählen nach 20 000 Stunden Oxidation in CO2/2% CO bei hohem DruckMit Hilfe von Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Mikrosonde und Kernmikrosonde wurden zwei Proben von 18/8-Stählen eingehend untersucht; die Proben waren repräsentativ für die beiden Extreme des nach einem parabolischen Zeitgesetz bei 600°C gewachsenen Zunders. Auf dem im Vakuum angelassenen Stahl 316 erfolgte die Zunderbildung mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, wobei innen eine vorwiegend einheitliche Spinellschicht vorlag, jedoch mit einem chromreichen und nickelarmen Spinell (geheiltes Oxid) an der Grenzfläche Metall/Zunder. Das darunter befindliche Metall war stark aufgekohlt, wobei die Kohlenstoffkonzentration in der Nähe der Metalloberfläche etwa 1 Gew.-% betrug. Bei dem Material mit geringerer Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeit war die innere Zunderschicht komplexer aufgebaut und das Metall weniger stark aufgekohlt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung der Zusammensetzung der inneren Oxidschicht und der unter Ausheilung erfolgenden Schichtbildung erläutert, wobei dem dort vorliegenden Sauerstoffpotential der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Einfluß zugeschrieben wird.
    Notes: Detailed examination has been carried out on two specimens of 18/8 steels representing the extremes of the rates of parabolic duplex scale growth at 600°C using metallography, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe and nuclear microprobe analysis.The high growth rate material, vacuum annealed 316, had an inner layer of mainly a uniform spinel but with a chromium rich low nickel spinel (healed oxide) at the metal interface. The underlying alloy was extensively carburised with a carbon concentration near the metal surface of ∼1 wt%. The low growth rate material had a more complex inner layer and a much lower degree of carburisation. The results are explained in terms of the composition of the inner oxide and the rate of healing layer formation being controlled by the prevailing oxygen potential there.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19820330202
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