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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibt es die „Febrile Proteinurie“? (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 917-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fever ; Proteinuria ; Glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of proteinuria during febrile infectious diseases is widely underestimated, although the more marked proteinuria probably signalizes a parainfectious nephropathy rather than a functional disorder. This study shows that mild proteinuria of less than 0.65 g/24 h (normal range less than 0.3 g/24 h using the sensitive tannine-FeCl3-technique) might be caused by the elevated body temperature alone. 9 out of 18 volunteers without renal disease undergoing experimental hyperthermia of 40–41° C for 1–2 h did not develop a proteinuria according to quantitative and qualitative (SDS-PAGE) measurements. In 6/18 the amount and composition of urinary proteins changed giving a glomerular type of proteinuria, possibly caused by temperature related transient glomerular alterations. In 3/18 a mild glomerulopathy existed before hyperthermia, as deduced from a glomerular pattern despite a quantitatively physiological proteinuria, leading in all 3 to pathological proteinuria during hyperthermia. In all 18 volunteers alterations reversed to normal within 12 h. Therefore, the degree of proteinuria during febrile diseases should be considered. Proteinuria of less than 0.5–1 g/24 h in adults might be explained by an altered glomerular function alone. Proteinurias exceeding this value, with a slow regressing tendency will indicate glomerular or tubulo-interstitial diseases, caused possibly by immunologic or toxic products resulting from underlying infectious disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01537532
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mild proteinuria in patients with unilateral kidney (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 1048-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Reduced renal mass ; Glomerular hyperperfusion ; Proteinuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial blood pressure, 24 h urinary excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 24 patients with unilateral kidney were compared with an age and sex matched control group of healthy persons. Of the patients with unilateral kidney, 13 were uninephrectomized and 11 patients had a congenital unilateral kidney. The 24 h urinary protein excretion in patients with one kidney was significantly higher (630±51 mg/24 h) compared to the control group (206±36 mg/24 h). The arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures and GFR did not differ in both groups. Furthermore, no differences were found between patients with unilateral kidneys following nephrectomy or renal agenesis. This study shows that mild proteinuria occurs in patients with unilateral kidney. An increased risk for deterioration in renal function or severe arterial hypertension was not detected in this investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739671
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of hemoglobin as a dose monitor for alkylating and arylating agents (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 56 (1984), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Biomonitoring ; Aromatic amines ; Carcinogens ; Risk evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genotoxic xenobiotics bind covalently to hemoglobin in vivo. The major reaction product of aromatic amines is a sulfinic acid amide resulting from the reaction of arylnitroso derivatives with SH-groups. Alkylating compounds react with cysteine, histidine and the terminal valine. The adducts are formed proportional to dose down to extremely small doses, they are stable throughout the life-span of the erythrocytes and accumulate upon repeated exposure. Methods for their determination in blood samples from experimental animals and humans are becoming available. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that for a given agent, a constant ratio exists between the reaction with tissue DNA and hemoglobin over a wide range of doses, which indicates that the reactions follow apparent first order kinetics. The extent of hemoglobin binding is therefore considered to be a relative measure of tissue dose, and should correlate much better with risk than exposure levels calculated from concentrations in the environment. Not only can the actual uptake be monitored more reliably, but also the individual's capacity to metabolically activate the absorbed agent. Bio-monitoring of hemoglobin-bound metabolites represents a novel approach to control exposure to potential carcinogens, to correlate environmental exposure with tissue dose and eventually also with human risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316343
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of haemoglobin binding of 4,4′-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)(MOCA) in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Biomonitoring ; Aromatic amines ; Protein adducts ; Haemoglobin ; 4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is used as a curing agent in the production of polyurethane. MOCA is carcinogenic in experimental animals. Haemoglobin adducts have been proposed as dosimeters of aromatic amines for biological monitoring. A quantitative method to determine the adduct has now been worked out in female Wistar rats dosed per os with 3.82, 14.2 and 16.2 μmol/kg14C-ring labeled MOCA or 0.25 and 0.50 mmol/kg unlabeled MOCA. MOCA bound in decreasing amounts to DNA, RNA and proteins of the lung, liver and kidney. Fractions of 0.19% and 0.026% of the dose were bound to the blood proteins haemoglobin and albumin, respectively. MOCA released by hydrolysis from haemoglobin was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection or by GC-MS. Albumin did not form any hydrolysable adducts with MOCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977626
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methemoglobin formation and binding to blood constituents as indicators for the formation, availability and reactivity of activated metabolites derived from trans-4-aminostilbene and related aromatic amines (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 17-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aromatic amines ; Methemoglobin ; Metabolic activation ; Binding to blood proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung trans-Stilbenamin-Derivate sind stärker akut und chronisch toxisch als Bibenzylaminderivate. Es fiel deshalb auf, daß trans-4-Aminostilben bei weiblichen Wistarratten weniger Methämoglobin erzeugte als 4-Aminobibenzyl. Da auch trans-4-Nitrosostilben weniger wirksam war als 4-Nitrosobibenzyl, kann dies nicht mit unterschiedlicher N-Oxidation erklärt werden. Untersuchungen über das Schicksal von i.v. injiziertem, hoch und spezifisch 3H-markiertem trans-4-Aminostilben, cis-4-Aminostilben, 4-Aminobibenzyl, trans-4-Nitrosostilben und 4-Nitrosobibenzyl führen zu dem Schluß, daß die beiden Amine, trans-4-Aminostilben und 4-Aminobibenzyl in vergleichbarem Ausmaß N-oxidiert werden und primäre Aktivierungsprodukte von trans-4-Aminostilbene sogar schneller im Blut erscheinen. Zwischenstufen, die bei der Methämoglobinbildung auftreten, sind aber reaktionsfähiger und werden deshalb 2–3mal stärker kovalent an Hämoglobin gebunden. Dadurch wird die Verfügbarkeit dieser Zwischenstufen im Zyklus und damit auch die Methämoglobinbildung reduziert. Als indirektes Maß für die Verfügbarkeit und Reaktionsfähigkeit von aktivierten Metaboliten aromatischer Amine scheint deshalb weniger der Methämoglobinspiegel als die Bindung an Hämoglobin geeignet zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract trans-4-Aminostilbene derivatives exhibit higher acute and chronic toxicity than 4-aminobibenzyl derivatives. Yet, trans-4-aminostilbene produced less methemoglobin in female Wistar rats than 4-aminobibenzyl. This cannot be explained by differences in N-oxidation since trans-4-nitrosostilbene was also less efficient than 4-nitrosobibenzyl. The fate of intravenously injected, highly and specifically 3H-labeled trans-4- aminostilbene, cis-4-aminostilbene, 4-aminobibenzyl, trans-4-nitrosostilbene and 4-nitrosobibenzyl was investigated. The results indicate that trans-4-aminostilbene and 4-aminobibenzyl are N-oxidized to a similar extent and primary activation products of trans-4-aminostilbene appear even faster in the blood. However, intermediates originating during methemoglobin formation are more reactive and covalently bind to hemoglobin 2–3 times as much with trans-stilbene as compared to bibenzyl derivatives. As a consequence the availability of these intermediates in the cyclic process and thus methemoglobin formation is reduced. Therefore, binding to hemoglobin rather than levels of methemoglobin appears to be an indicator for the availability and reactivity of some activated aromatic amine metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353276
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