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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Focal thyroiditis ; Granulomatous thyroiditis ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease and five cases of thyroiditis de Quervain were studied with immunohistological methods. In both focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, lymph follicles with active germinal centers were found which contained germinal center cells that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (heavy and/or light chains). Positively staining germinal center cells made up only a minor portion of overall immunoglobulin-positive cells; most of the positive infiltrating cells were plasmacytes arranged in small groups or clusters among thyroid follicles. Thus the number of immunoglobulin-containing cells differed greatly between focal lymphocytic thyroiditis, where sites of infiltration were represented by lymph follicles, and Hashimoto's disease. In the former, only a few cells outside lymph follicles stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins, whereas in the latter numerous cells within areas of coherent infiltration did. Furthermore, in most cases of Hashimoto's disease macrophages and giant cells with positive staining for lysozyme were present in variable numbers, while in focal thyroiditis they were less frequent or absent. Between these two immunohistologically separable groups, i.e. focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, there were many cases with features of both. Considering the occurrence of such intermediate forms and some immunohistological similarities between Hashimoto's disease and focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (nearly identical ratio of the different immunoglobulin classes and similar distribution of immunoglobulin-positive germinal center cells), it is likely that these lesions represent different activities of a same immunological process. Thyroiditis de Quervain was characterized immunologically by numerous macrophage clusters and giant cells that both stained positively for lysozyme. Compared with the giant cells seen in Hashimoto's disease (mainly of Langhans type), those of de Quervain's thyroiditis (mainly of foreign body type) were larger and more numerous. Lymph follicles (with or without active germinal centers) were not observed. Among infiltrating cells, numerous plasmacytes that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were identified. Their number and the distribution pattern of the different classes of immunoglobulins contained within them was similar to those seen in Hashimoto's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 331-350 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet cell tumors ; Insulinomas ; Gastrinomas ; Staining characteristics ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer ersten Untersuchungsserie werden die Färbeeigenschaften, insbesondere die Argyrophilie und Metachromasie, normaler endokriner, immunologisch identifizierter Zellen der Pankreasinsel und der Gastroduodenalmukosa untersucht. In einem zweiten Schritt werden diese Färbeeigenschaften an Insulinomen und Gastrinomen geprüft. Während die normalen B-Zellen mit Aldehydfuchsin und Pseudoisozyanin positiv und generell nicht argyrophil nach Grimelius reagieren, lassen sich die neoplastischen B-Zellen nur unregelmäßig mit den konventionellen Methoden anfärben. Sie enthalten aber häufig argyrophile Strukturen. Immunhistologisch kommen praktisch in allen gutartigen Insulinomen reichlich, in den metastasierenden Formen dagegen kaum insulinhaltige Zellen zur Darstellung. Die Malignome weisen jedoch eine besonders ausgeprägte Grimelius-Argyrophilie auf. Die Tumorzellen von Gastrinomen sind wie normale G-Zellen Grimelius-argyrophil, bzw. leicht metachromatisch und lassen sich nur ausnahmsweise wie A1-Zellen mit der Methode von Hellerström versilbern. Trotz der großen Zahl von Grimelius-positiven Tumorzellen reagieren meist nur wenige mit Antigastrinserum. Dennoch ist die Immunhistologie die zuverlässigste Methode für die Diagnose von Gastrinomen. Die Elektronenmikroskopie liefert dagegen oft schwer interpretierbare Resultate, da in Gastrinomen ähnlich wie in undifferenzierten oder malignen Insulinomen vorwiegend atypische Sekretgranula vorhanden Scin können.
    Notes: Summary In a first step of our investigation the staining characteristics, especially the argyrophilia and metachromasia, of immunohistologically identified endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets and of the gastroduodenal mucosa were tested. These staining characteristics were then examined on insulinomas and gastrinomas. Contrary to normal B cells which generally react positively with aldehyde fuchsin and pseudoisocyanine but not argyrophilic with the Grimelius method, the neoplastic B cells give inconsistent results with conventional staining methods. Yet neoplastic B cells often show argyrophilic structures. Immunohistologically, most benign insulinomas are rich in insulin-containing cells, whereas in malignant types such cells are rare. The carcinomas, however, show a typical and distinct Grimelius argyrophilia. The tumor cells of gastrinomas are Grimelius argyrophilic and slightly metachromatic, as normal G cells, yet, contrary to A1 cells, they are only exceptionally stainable with the Hellerström method. Despite the great number of Grimelius positive tumor cells, generally only a few reacted with antigastrin serum. Nevertheless, the immunohistology is the most reliable method for the diagnosis of gastrinomas. Electron microscopic results are often difficult to interpret, since gastrinomas, as well as undifferentiated or malignant insulinomas, may predominantly contain atypical secretion granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 269-281 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testis ; Testicular biopsies ; Arteriolar hyalinosis ; Morphology ; Frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das häufige Vorkommen arteriolärer Hyalinosen in Hoden verstorbener Patienten ist bekannt. Gleiche Gefäßveränderungen können auch in Hodenbiopsien und operativ entfernten Hoden gefunden werden. Um uns ein Bild über die Häufigkeit machen zu können, untersuchten wir eine Serie von 2400 Hodenbiopsien und einzelnen operativ entfernten Hoden systematisch lichtmikroskopisch, teils auch histochemisch und elektronenoptisch im Hinblick auf arterioläre Hyalinosen. Dabei konnten in 3,75% der Patienten typische Herde nachgewiesen werden (Durchschnittsalter 34 Jahre). An Hodengrundkrankheiten findet man vor allem tubuläre Atrophien (58%) oder Kryptorchismus (22% der Fälle mit Gefäß Veränderungen). Die histochemischen Reaktionen lassen vermuten, daß der Hauptteil der eingelagerten Substanz aus Lipoiden, besonders Lecithinen besteht. Daneben sind auch Mukopolysaccharide abgelagert. Elektronenoptisch handelt es sich vorwiegend um fein granuläre Depots mit Vakuolen und seltenen Myelinfiguren. In späteren Stadien ist subendothelial ferner elastinartiges Material zu sehen, an der Peripherie der Herde sind Kollagenfasern nachweisbar. Die pathogenetische Bedeutung dieser arteriolären Hyalinoseherde und ihre Ursache sind unklar.
    Notes: Summary Arteriolar hyalinosis is a common post mortem finding in the testes of even young men. Identical arteriolar hyalinoses can be demonstrated in testicular biopsies of patients with infertility or in patients operated on for cryptorchidism. In a series of such biopsies from 2400 patients, the frequency of arteriolar hyalinosis was examined. In 7 cases with positive findings, histochemical studies were carried out and in an additional 14 biopsies electron microscopy was performed. Arteriolar hyalinosis was found in 3.75% of the 2,400 patients with disturbances of fertility or cryptorchidism. The mean age of these patients was 34 years. In 58% of the cases with arteriolar hyalinosis the basic testicular lesion was tubular atrophy, in 22% cryptorchidism. The arteriolar lesions were due to deposits of lipoids and mucopolysaccharides. Electron microscopy revealed a granular material with vacuoles and rarely myelin bodies below the endothelial layer and between myocytes and fibrocytes of the arteriolar wall. In later stages elastin-like material could be demonstrated in the vicinity of the endothelial cells and collagen fibers at the periphery of these deposits. The etiology of testicular arteriolar hyalinosis and its pathogenetic significance are not yet clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid ; Haemangioendothelioma ; Immunohistology ; Coexpression of epithelial and vascular antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of anaplastic carcinoma (ACA) and 4 cases of malignant haemangioendothelioma (HAE) of the thyroid were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Seven cases of ACA and 3 cases of HAE were characterized by coexpression of immunohistological features of epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. Expression of vimentin was common to all tumours investigated. The present study provides evidence that ACA and HAE are partially closely related tumours showing alternating differentiation. This speaks in favour of a common neoplastic cell with the potential for epithelial and vascular endothelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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