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  • Key words Cervical spine  (2)
  • Stability  (2)
  • Arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdienne postérieure  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Cervical spine ; Biomechanics ; Flexibility ; Interbody fusion device
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interbody fusion cages are small hollow implants that are inserted into the intervertebral space to restore physiological disc height and to allow bony fusion. They sometimes cause clinical complications due to instability, subsidence or dislocation. These are basic biomechanical parameters, which influence strongly the quality of a fusion device; however, only few data about these parameters are available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the primary stabilizing effect of four different cervical fusion devices in in vitro flexibility tests. Twenty-four human cervical spine segments were used in this study. After anterior discectomy, fusion was performed either with a WING cage (Medinorm AG, Germany), a BAK/C cage (Sulzer Spine-Tech, USA), an AcroMed cervical I/F cage (DePuy AcroMed International, UK) or bone cement (Sulzer, Switzerland). All specimens were tested in a spine tester in the intact condition and after implantation of one of the four devices. Alternating sequences of pure lateral bending, flexion-extension and axial rotation moments (± 2.5 Nm) were applied continuously and the motions in each segment were measured simultaneously. In general, all tested implants had a stabilizing effect. This was most obvious in lateral bending, where the range of motion was between 0.29 (AcroMed cage) and 0.62 (BAK/C cage) with respect to the intact specimen (= 1.00). In lateral bending, flexion and axial rotation, the AcroMed cervical I/F cages had the highest stabilizing effect, followed by bone cement, WING cages and BAK/C cages. In extension, specimens fused with bone cement were most stable. With respect to the primary stabilizing effect, cages, especially the AcroMed I/F cage but also the WING cage and to a minor extent the BAK/C cage, seem to be a good alternative to bone cement in cervical interbody fusion. Other characteristics, such as the effect of implant design on subsidence tendency and the promotion of bone ingrowth, have to be determined in further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Biomechanics ; Stability ; Calf spine ; Spinal implants ; Transpedicular fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Kluger internal fixator, with its artificial fulcrum outside the operative site, had to be extended for multisegmental use. Three different prototypes, called Central Bar (CB), Double Bar I (DB I) and Double Bar II (DB II) were designed, which were fully compatible with the existing reduction system. To evaluate the ability of these newly developed systems to provide primary stability in a destabilized spine, their stiffness characteristics and stabilizing effects were investigated in multidirectional biomechanical stability tests and compared with those of the clinically well-known Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) system. The investigations were performed on a spine tester using freshly prepared calf spines. The model tested was that of an intact straight spine followed by a defined three-column lesion simulating the most destabilizing type of injury. Pure moments of up to 7.5 Nm were continuously applied to the top of each specimen in flexion/extension, left/right axial rotation, and left/right lateral bending. Segmental motion was measured using a three-dimensional goniometric linkage system. Range of motion and stiffness within the neutral zone were calculated from obtained load-displacement curves. The DB II attained 112.5% (P = 0.26) of the absolute stiffness of the CD system in flexion and enhanced its stability in extension by up to 144.3% (P = 0.004). In axial rotation of the completely destabilized spine, this system achieved 183.3% of the stiffness of the CD system (P 〈 0.001), and in lateral bending no motion was measured in the most injured specimens stabilized by the DB II. The DB I, which was the first to be designed and was considered to provide high biomechanical stability, did not attain the stiffness standard set by the CD system in either flexion/extension or axial rotation of the most injured spine. The study confirms that it is worthwhile to evaluate in vitro the biomechanical properties of a newly developed implant before its use in patients, in order to refine weak construction points and help to reduce device-related complications and to better evaluate its efficacy in stabilizing the spine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 9 (2000), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Cervical spine ; Biomechanical testing ; Discoligamentous structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to determine which discoligamentous structures of the lower cervical spine provide significant stability with regard to different loading conditions. Accordingly, the load-displacement properties of the normal and injured lower cervical spine were tested in vitro. Four artificially created stages of increasing discoligamentous instability of the segment C5/6 were compared to the normal C5/6 segment. Six fresh human cadaver spine segments C4-C7 were tested in flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending using pure moments of ± 2.5 Nm without axial preload. Five conditions were investigated consecutively: (1) the intact functional spinal unit (FSU) C5/6; (2) the FSU C5/6 with the anterior longitudinal ligament and the intertransverse ligaments sectioned; (3) the FSU C5/6 with an additional 10-mm-deep incision of the anterior half of the anulus fibrosus and the disc; (4) the FSU C5/6 with additionally sectioned ligamenta flava as well as interspinous and supraspinous ligaments; (5) the FSU C5/6 with additional capsulotomy of the facet joints. In flexion/extension, significant differences were observed concerning range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) for all four stages of instability compared to the intact FSU. In axial rotation, only the stage 4 instability showed a significantly increased ROM and NZ compared to the intact FSU. For lateral bending, no significant differences were observed. Based on these data, we conclude that flexion/extension is the most sensitive load-direction for the tested discoligamentous instabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Biomécanique ; Rachis cervical ; Fracture de l'odontoïde ; Stabilité ; Ostéosynthèse de l'odontoïde par vis ; Biomechanics ; Cervical spine ; Odontoid fracture ; Stability ; Odontoid screw fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fresh odontoid fractures of types II and III and in some cases nonunions of the odontoid can be repaired by direct anterior screw fixation preserving C1–C2 motion. The goal of this experimental study was to investigate the biomechanical stability of the fragment achieved by this direct odontoid osteosynthesis according to Böhler. Sixteen human C1–C2 segments with fractures of type II or type III were biomechanically tested in vitro under standardized conditions. Flexion and extension moments, anterior and posterior shear forces were applied, and the motion of the refixed odontoid fragment relative to C2 was determined. The results show that direct screw fixation of the odontoid under the experimental conditions provides sufficient stability for the dens fragment.
    Notes: Résumé Les fractures fraîches de l'odontoïde de type II et III et certains cas de pseudarthrose de l'odontoïde peuvent être réparés par une ostéosynthèse antérieure directe préservant la mobilité C1–C2. Le but de cette étude expérimentale était d'explorer la stabilité biomécanique permise par cette ostéosynthèse directe de l'odontoïde selon Böhler. 16 segments C1–C2 présentant des fractures de type II et III ont été testés in vitro dans des conditions bien définies. On a appliqué des moments de flexion et d'extension et des forces de cisaillement antérieur et postérieur et l'on a déterminé la mobilité du fragment odontoïdien refixé par rapport à C2. Les résultats ont montré que la fixation directe par vissage de l'odontoïde assure dans les conditions expérimentales une stabilité suffisante au fragment odontoïdien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Biomécanique ; Rachis cervical ; Fracture de l'odontoïde ; Instabilité atlanto-axoïdienne ; Arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdienne postérieure ; Biomechanics ; Cervical spine ; Odontoid fracture ; Atlantoaxial instability ; Posterior atlantoaxial fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Unstable C1-C2 segments are generally treated surgically. Depending on the indication a direct screw fixation of the odontoid or a C1-C2 arthrodesis is a possible technique. In this experimental in vitro study the three different atlantoaxial fusion techniques by Gallie, Brooks, and Magerl were compared biomechanically. Sixteen human C1-C2 segments with odontoid fractures of type II and III were investigated under standardized conditions. Flexion and extension moments, anterior, and posterior shear forces, left and right torsional moments were applied, and the motion of C1 relative to C2 was determined. The results of this investigation show clearly that the segments treated with the technique by Magerl with transarticular screws achieved the highest stiffness, compared to the wiring methods of Brooks and Gallie. These differences were most evident for posterior shear forces and for torsional moments. For these load conditions the ratio of stiffness Magerl: Brooks: Gallie was about 10:2:1. Significant differences for the plastic deformation of the differently fixed C1-C2 segments were found within the first few load/unload cycles, which give information about the relationship between primary and long-term stability.
    Notes: Résumé L'instabilité C1-C2 est le plus souvent traitée chirurgicalement. Selon l'indication, peuvent être proposées soit une ostéosynthèse par vissage direct de l'odontoïde, soit une arthrodèse C1-C2. Dans cette étude expérimentale in vitro, on a comparé au plan biomécanique, les trois différentes techniques d'arthrodèse atlanto-axoïdiennes, selon Gallie, Brooks et Magerl. 16 segments C1-C2 présentant des fractures de type II et III ont été testés in vitro dans des conditions bien définies. On a appliqué des moments de flexion et d'extension, des forces de cisaillement antérieur et postérieur et des moments de torsion vers la droite et vers la gauche, et l'on a analysé la mobilité de C1-C2. Les résultats de cette investigation ont clairement démontré que les segments traités par la technique de Magerl avec des vis transarticulaires, présentaient la plus grande rigidité, en comparaison des méthodes de cerclage de Brooks et de Gallie. Ces différences étaient plus évidentes dans le cas du cisaillement postérieur et de la torsion. Dans ces conditions de contrainte, le rapport de rigidité Magerl/Brooks/Gallie était de 10/2/1. Des différences significatives de déformation plastique ont été retrouvées entre les différentes fixations C1-C2 au cours des premiers cycles de mise en charge et décharge, qui renseignent sur la relation entre la stabilité primaire et à long terme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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